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Ara SA, Akhlaq S, Ahmad B, Fazil M, Akram U, Haque M, Sayeed A, Khan AA. Concept of Unani Jali (detergents/cleansers) drugs and its scientific validation: scope for new opportunities in dermatological pharmacotherapeutics. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2023; 38:31-43. [PMID: 36001460 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2022-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of detergent-action drugs in traditional Unani therapeutic intervention has been a long-standing Unani medicinal practice. The key aim of the article is to provide thorough information on the novel, unexplored idea of Unani Jali (detergent/cleansers) drugs for the treatment of skin ailments, as well as to identify medicinal plants that have detergent action and correlate these findings with scientific studies that may support evidence for the drug's detergent effect. CONTENT The ethnobotanical classical literature of Unani medicine was investigated in order to have a comprehensive insight of Unani detergents/cleansers. Scientific studies were carried from databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and google Scholar, among others. More than fifty exclusive plant, mineral, and animal-based detergents are found specifically for skin disorders in Unani therapy. These drugs basically evacuate impurities from the body's excretory system and and have been found to have keratolytic and debris-peeling effects, as well as the ability to maintain skin tone consistency. Unani Jali drugs have also been found to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesic, and tonic properties, suggesting its usefulness holistically. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK Based on phyto constituents, prospective therapeutic response, and scientific data, this review proposes that Unani Jali drugs could be a safe and promising therapeutic option for dermatological illnesses such as vitiligo, acne, dermatitis, psoriasis, and skin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Anjum Ara
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi, India
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaheen Akhlaq
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi, India
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi, India
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Fazil
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi, India
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi, India
| | - Usama Akram
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi, India
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi, India
| | - Merajul Haque
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi, India
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi, India
| | - Ahmad Sayeed
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi, India
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi, India
| | - Asim Ali Khan
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi, India
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi, India
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Development and In Vitro Validation of Antibacterial Paints Containing Chloroxylenol and Terpineol. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070343. [PMID: 35878249 PMCID: PMC9324826 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of self-disinfecting surfaces is an important method to avoid surface contamination. Recently, paints with antimicrobial properties have been developed to be applied on different surfaces, avoiding contamination with pathogens. In this work, self-disinfecting paints containing Chloroxylenol (CLX), Terpineol (TRP), and a mixture of both substances were developed. The goal was to evaluate and validate these paints using international standards for eventual commercialization and application in scenarios where surface contamination represents a problem. The paints were challenged with five different bacteria, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, before and after a scrub resistance test, where the long-term efficacy of the paints was evaluated. The antibacterial activity assessment was performed following ISO 22196 and JIS Z2801. In general, the paints showed very promising results, demonstrating their antibacterial activity, before and after scrub resistance test. The paint incorporating the mixture of CLX and TRP (CLX+TRP) stood out by revealing consistent results of antibacterial activity both before and after the scrub resistance test for most of the tested bacteria. The cytotoxicity of the developed paints was assessed in vitro by performing tests by direct contact with a human skin cell line, HaCaT, and testes on extracts with HaCaT and a pulmonary cell line, A549. The methodologies for cytotoxicity assessment were developed based in ISO 10993. For genotoxicity assessment, alkaline comet assay was conducted on both cell lines. The cytotoxicity assessment revealed promising results with the paints, demonstrating values of cellular viability above 70% and values of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage below 30%. The genotoxic assessment also revealed acceptable values of primary DNA damage for the developed antibacterial paints. In general, the selected methodologies presented good potential to be applied in the validation of both efficacy and safety of the antimicrobial paints, aiming to be applied in real scenarios.
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Dickel H, Bauer A, Brehler R, Mahler V, Merk HF, Neustädter I, Strömer K, Werfel T, Worm M, Geier J. S1-Leitlinie Kontaktekzem. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:711-734. [PMID: 35578429 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14734_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Dickel
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, St. Josef-Hospital, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden
| | - Randolf Brehler
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster
| | - Vera Mahler
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Bundesinstitut für Impfstoffe und biomedizinische Arzneimittel, Langen
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Werfel
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover
| | - Margitta Worm
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | - Johannes Geier
- Zentrale des IVDK, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen
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Warshaw EM, Xiong M, Atwater AR, DeKoven JG, Pratt MD, Maibach HI, Taylor JS, Belsito DV, Silverberg JI, Reeder MJ, Zug KA, Sasseville D, Fowler JF, DeLeo VA, Houle MC, Dunnick CA. Patch testing with glucosides: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group experience, 2009-2018. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 87:1033-1041. [PMID: 35551968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkyl glucosides are nonionic surfactants that are increasingly used in personal care products. OBJECTIVE To characterize positive patch test reactions to decyl glucoside (5% petrolatum, tested 2009-2018) and lauryl glucoside (3% petrolatum, tested 2017-2018). METHODS Retrospective analysis of patients tested by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group. RESULTS Of 24,097 patients patch tested to decyl and/or lauryl glucoside, 470 (2.0%) had positive reactions. Compared with glucoside-negative patients, glucoside-positive patients had higher odds of occupational skin disease (13.4% vs 10.1%; P = .0207), history of hay fever (38.5% vs 31.6%; P = .0014), atopic dermatitis (39.0% vs 28.6%; P < .0001), and/or asthma (21.8% vs 16.5%; P = .0023). Most glucoside reactions (83.9%) were currently relevant. The most common source was personal care products (63.0%), especially hair products (16.5%) and skin cleansers (15.2%). Of 4933 patients tested to decyl and lauryl glucoside, 134 (2.7%) were positive to 1 or both; 43.4% (43 of 99) of decyl-positive patients were also positive to lauryl glucoside and 55.1% (43/78) of lauryl glucoside patients were also positive to decyl glucoside. LIMITATIONS The cohort predominantly reflects a referral population, and follow-up after testing was not captured. CONCLUSION Glucoside positivity occurred in 2.0% of the tested patients. Reactions were often clinically relevant and linked to personal care products. Cross-reactivity was >40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Warshaw
- Department of Dermatology, Park Nicollet/Health Partners Health Services, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michelle Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, Park Nicollet/Health Partners Health Services, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Amber R Atwater
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joel G DeKoven
- Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie D Pratt
- Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard I Maibach
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - James S Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Donald V Belsito
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical School, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Margo J Reeder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kathryn A Zug
- Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Denis Sasseville
- Division of Dermatology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Joseph F Fowler
- Division of Dermatology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Vincent A DeLeo
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marie-Claude Houle
- Division of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Québec, Laval University, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Cory A Dunnick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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Dickel H, Bauer A, Brehler R, Mahler V, Merk HF, Neustädter I, Strömer K, Werfel T, Worm M, Geier J. German S1 guideline: Contact dermatitis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:712-734. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Dickel
- Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology St. Josef Hospital University Medical Center of the Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Technical University Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Randolf Brehler
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Münster Münster Germany
| | - Vera Mahler
- Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines Langen Germany
| | - Hans F. Merk
- Department of Dermatology RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Irena Neustädter
- Department of Pediatrics Hallerwiese Cnopfsche Kinderklinik Nuremberg Germany
| | | | - Thomas Werfel
- Department of Dermatology Allergology and Venereology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Johannes Geier
- Center of IVDK University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
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Natural Is Not Always Better: The Prevalence of Allergenic Ingredients in "Clean" Beauty Products. Dermatitis 2022; 33:215-219. [PMID: 35256558 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumers seek "clean" and "natural" products based on their perception of safety. However, there is no standard, scientific basis, or regulatory oversight in the marketing or ingredient use for "clean" products. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of allergenic ingredients in "clean" products. METHODS Target and Walgreens Web sites were queried for "clean" products with inclusion of 1470 products. Ingredient lists were analyzed for potential allergens. Analysis included descriptive statistics and χ2 test. RESULTS The most common allergens were fragrances/botanicals (1218/1470, 82.9%), phenoxyethanol (591/1470, 40.2%), tocopherol (545/1470, 40.2%), benzoic acid and benzoates (434/1470, 29.5%), propylene glycol (369/1470, 25.1%), alkyl glucosides (305/1470, 20.7%), ethylhexylglycerin (304/1470, 20.7%), cetyl alcohol (282/1470, 19.2%), cocamidopropyl betaine (258/1470, 17.6%), and benzyl alcohol (232/1470, 15.8%). Among fragrances/botanicals, the most common ingredients found were fragrance/perfume/aroma (911/1470, 68.2%), citrus derivatives (375/1470, 25.5%), linalool (305/1470, 20.7%), limonene (279/1470, 19.0%), and benzyl alcohol (231/1470, 15.7%). A total of 93.8% of the products (1379/1470) contained at least 1 potential allergen. CONCLUSIONS Most "clean" products contain a potential allergen, predominately fragrances and botanicals.
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Babino G, Argenziano G, Balato A. Impact in Contact Dermatitis during and after SARS-CoV2 Pandemic. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2022; 9:19-26. [PMID: 35194543 PMCID: PMC8830973 DOI: 10.1007/s40521-022-00298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the review Due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, several skin conditions have emerged due to the preventive measures adopted by both health care workers and the general population against SARS-CoV-2. Above all, wearing of personal protective equipment, frequent hand-washing and disinfecting of surfaces have resulted in an increased risk of irritant or allergic contact dermatitis. The aim of this review is to investigate contact dermatitis associated with COVID-19 pandemic period. Recent findings There is a real evidence of the rising prevalence of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The most commonly recorded symptoms are dryness, itch and redness of the skin. Nasal bridge, cheeks, forehead and hands represent the mainly affected skin sites. Summary Contact dermatitis lesions may appear as a result of various recommendations to prevent transmission of COVID-19. Procedures to alleviate pressure and friction, gentle skin care and adequate moisturizing, have been identified as important preventive strategies for contact dermatitis related to personal protective equipment and personal hygiene measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Babino
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Argenziano
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Balato
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Abdali S, Yu J. Occupational Dermatoses Related to Personal Protective Equipment Used During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Dermatol Clin 2021; 39:555-568. [PMID: 34556245 PMCID: PMC8165076 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the dramatic increase in use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among health care providers and the general public. Herein the authors discuss the various occupational dermatoses including allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, acne, seborrheic dermatitis, and rosacea related to frequent handwashing, disinfecting of surfaces, and prolonged wear of various PPE including face masks, gloves, and gowns. The authors provide an overview of published PPE-associated occupational dermatoses during the COVID-19 pandemic and also discuss prevention strategies and treatment options to help patients with these complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selli Abdali
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - JiaDe Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Lee EB, Lobl M, Ford A, DeLeo V, Adler BL, Wysong A. What Is New in Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis in the Year of the COVID Pandemic? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:26. [PMID: 33779825 PMCID: PMC8006117 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-021-01000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This article aims to summarize some recent trends in occupational allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), including dermatitis related to pandemic-level personal protective equipment in healthcare workers, hazards patients may experience when working from home, and occupational perspectives on the recent American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS) allergens of the year and ACDS Core Allergen Series updates. Recent Findings Recent ACDS Allergens of the Year may be particularly relevant to healthcare workers, including isobornyl acrylate, which is present in glucose sensors and propylene glycol present in hand cleansers and disinfectants. Lavender, limonene, and linalool, all of which are new additions to the ACDS Core Allergen Series, have been reported as causes for occupational ACD in massage therapists and aromatherapists. Isothiazolinone allergy continues to rise in both consumer and occupational settings. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a wave of occupational ACD in healthcare workers to personal protective equipment, and revealed new potential allergens for individuals working from home. Summary Occupational allergic contact dermatitis continues to exert a significant occupational disease burden. Remaining aware of the current trends in allergens may allow for earlier recognition, diagnosis, and treatment, subsequently helping our patients to work in healthier and safer environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica B Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985645 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5645, USA
| | - Marissa Lobl
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985645 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5645, USA
| | - Aubree Ford
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985645 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5645, USA
| | - Vincent DeLeo
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brandon L Adler
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Wysong
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985645 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5645, USA.
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Dear K, Palmer A, Nixon R. Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis from benzalkonium chloride in a tertiary dermatology center in Melbourne, Australia. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:146-153. [PMID: 33656745 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a quaternary ammonium compound that is used widely as an antiseptic and preservative. It is a strong irritant and considered a weak sensitizer. OBJECTIVE To analyze the temporal trend of BAK sensitization and the demographics of sensitized patients. METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective study of 7390 patients who were patch tested with BAK between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2019. RESULTS Of the 7390 patients who were patch tested to BAK, 108 (1.5%) had a positive reaction, with 21 reactions deemed clinically relevant (0.3% of total patch tested) and a further 5 doubtful reactions deemed clinically relevant, resulting in a total of 26 relevant reactions (0.4% of total patch tested). Common sources of exposure were ophthalmic drops (30.8%), topical antiseptic preparations (26.9%), cosmetics (15.4%), disinfectant solutions (11.5%), hand sanitizers (11.5%), and hand washes (7.7%). One fifth of patients with relevant reactions were health care workers. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of positive reactions since 2017, for reasons not totally clear. CONCLUSION Contact allergy (CA) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in response to BAK are now increasing at our center. Awareness of this trend is important, given that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is likely to further expose people to BAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Dear
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Palmer
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosemary Nixon
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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Silverberg JI, Warshaw EM, Maibach HI, DeKoven JG, Taylor JS, Atwater AR, Sasseville D, Zug KA, Reeder MJ, Fowler JF, Pratt MD, Fransway AF, Zirwas MJ, Belsito DV, Marks JG, DeLeo VA. Hand eczema in children referred for patch testing: North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2000-2016. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:185-194. [PMID: 33454963 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the aetiologies and relevant allergens in paediatric patients with hand eczema (HE). OBJECTIVES To characterize the aetiologies and determine the proportion of positive and currently relevant allergens in children/adolescents (age < 18 years) with HE referred for patch testing. METHODS A retrospective analysis (2000-2016) of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data was performed. RESULTS Of 1634 paediatric patients, 237 (14·5%) had involvement of the hands. Final physician diagnoses included allergic contact dermatitis (49·4%), atopic dermatitis (37·1%) and irritant contact dermatitis (16·9%). In multivariable logistic regression models, employment was the only association with increased odds of any HE or primary HE. Children with HE vs. those without HE had similar proportions of positive patch tests (56·1% vs. 61·7%; χ2 -test, P = 0·11). The five most common currently relevant allergens were nickel, methylisothiazolinone, propylene glycol, decyl glucoside and lanolin. In multivariable logistic regression models of the top 20 relevant allergens, HE was associated with significantly higher odds of currently relevant reactions to lanolin, quaternium-15, Compositae mix, thiuram mix, 2-mercaptobenzathiazole and colophony. The allergens with the highest mean significance-prevalence index number were methylisothiazolinone, carba mix, thiuram mix, nickel and methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone. CONCLUSIONS Children with HE who were referred for patch testing had a high proportion of positive patch tests, which was similar to the proportion found in children without HE. Children with HE had a distinct and fairly narrow profile of currently relevant allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E M Warshaw
- Department of Dermatology, Park Nicollet Health Services, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - H I Maibach
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J G DeKoven
- Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J S Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - A R Atwater
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D Sasseville
- Division of Dermatology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - K A Zug
- Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - M J Reeder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J F Fowler
- Division of Dermatology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - M D Pratt
- Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - M J Zirwas
- Department of Dermatology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D V Belsito
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J G Marks
- Department of Dermatology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - V A DeLeo
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Allergen Content of Best-Selling Ethnic Versus Nonethnic Shampoos, Conditioners, and Styling Products. Dermatitis 2020; 32:101-110. [PMID: 33273226 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair products are a potential cause of allergic contact dermatitis. There are limited data on the allergen content of ethnic hair products. OBJECTIVE To identify allergens unique to ethnic hair products (shampoos, conditioners, styling products) and provide a resource for low allergen hair care products for patients with ethnic hair types. METHODS The top 100 best-selling shampoos, conditioners, and styling products for ethnic and nonethnic hair products were determined from 3 major online retailers (Walmart, Target, Walgreens). Allergen was defined as presence on the 2017 American Contact Dermatitis Society Core 80 allergen list. RESULTS The 2017 American Contact Dermatitis Society Core 80 allergens were tabulated for ethnic and nonethnic shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. A list of low-allergen shampoos, conditioners, and styling products was identified. Fragrance was the most common allergen for ethnic shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. Other notable allergens included methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, formaldehyde releasers, cetyl steryl alcohol, tocopherol, decyl glucoside, sodium benzoate, and phenoxyethanol. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies important differences in allergens found in products marketed for ethnic hair compared with those marketed for nonethnic hair.
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Rundle CW, Presley CL, Militello M, Barber C, Powell DL, Jacob SE, Atwater AR, Watsky KL, Yu J, Dunnick CA. Hand hygiene during COVID-19: Recommendations from the American Contact Dermatitis Society. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:1730-1737. [PMID: 32707253 PMCID: PMC7373692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased hand hygiene and hand cleansing awareness. To prevent virus transmission, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends frequent hand washing with soap and water. Hand hygiene products are available in a variety of forms, and while each of these formulations may be effective against COVID-19, they may also alter skin barrier integrity and function. As health care workers and the general population focus on stringent hand hygiene, the American Contact Dermatitis Society anticipates an increase in both irritant contact and allergic contact hand dermatitis. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers with moisturizers have the least sensitizing and irritancy potential when compared to soaps and synthetic detergents. This article provides an overview of the most frequently used hand hygiene products and their associations with contact dermatitis as well as recommendations from the American Contact Dermatitis Society on how to treat and prevent further dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler W Rundle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Colby L Presley
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, Colorado
| | - Michelle Militello
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, Colorado
| | - Cara Barber
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Douglas L Powell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sharon E Jacob
- Loma Linda Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, California; Department Medicine and Pediatrics, University of California, Riverside, California; Department of Dermatology, Loma Linda University Center, Loma Linda, California
| | - Amber Reck Atwater
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kalman L Watsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jiade Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cory A Dunnick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado.
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