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Chen W, Han Y, Xu Y, Wang T, Wang Y, Chen X, Qiu X, Li W, Li H, Fan Y, Yao Y, Zhu T. Fine particulate matter exposure and systemic inflammation: A potential mediating role of bioactive lipids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172993. [PMID: 38719056 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key mechanism underlying the adverse health effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Bioactive lipids in the arachidonic acid (ARA) pathway are important in the regulation of inflammation and are reportedly altered by PM2.5 exposure. Ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), a class of sphingolipids, is required to initiate ARA metabolism. We examined the role of C1P in the alteration of ARA metabolism after PM2.5 exposure and explored whether changes in the ARA pathway promoted systemic inflammation based on a panel study involving 112 older adults in Beijing, China. Ambient PM2.5 levels were continuously monitored at a fixed station from 2013 to 2015. Serum cytokine levels were measured to assess systemic inflammation. Multiple bioactive lipids in the ARA pathway and three subtypes of C1P were quantified in blood samples. Mediation analyses were performed to test the hypotheses. We observed that PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with inflammatory cytokines and the three subtypes of C1P. Mediation analyses showed that C1P significantly mediated the associations of ARA and 5, 6-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (5, 6-DHET), an ARA metabolite, with PM2.5 exposure. ARA, 5, 6-DHET, and leukotriene B4 mediated systemic inflammatory response to PM2.5 exposure. For example, C1P C16:0 (a subtype of C1P) mediated a 12.9 % (95 % confidence interval: 3.7 %, 32.5 %) increase in ARA associated with 3-day moving average PM2.5 exposure, and ARA mediated a 27.1 % (7.8 %, 61.2 %) change in interleukin-8 associated with 7-day moving average PM2.5 exposure. Our study indicates that bioactive lipids in the ARA and sphingolipid metabolic pathways may mediate systemic inflammation after PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yiqun Han
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yifan Xu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Human Settlement in Green Building (TCHS), Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd., Xiongan, Hebei, China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiju Li
- Peking University Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haonan Li
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Fan
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Hemstock EJ, Bigaran A, Allgood S, Wheeler AJ, Dalton M, Williamson GJ, Gao CX, Abramson MJ, Negishi K, Johnston FH, Zosky GR. Increased vascular stiffness in children exposed in utero but not children exposed postnatally to emissions from a coal mine fire. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e309. [PMID: 38799260 PMCID: PMC11115982 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic, low-intensity air pollution exposure has been consistently associated with increased atherosclerosis in adults. However, there was limited research regarding the implications of acute, high-intensity air pollution exposure during childhood. We aimed to determine whether there were any associations between early-life exposure to such an episode and early-life vascular function changes. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of children (<9 years old) who lived in the vicinity of the Hazelwood coal mine fire (n = 206). Vascular function was measured using noninvasive diagnostic methods including carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Exposure estimates were calculated from prognostic models and location diaries during the exposure period completed by each participant's parent. Linear mixed-effects models were used to determine whether there were any associations between exposure and changes in vascular outcomes at the 3- and 7-year follow-ups and over time. Results At the 7-year follow-up, each 10 μg/m3 increase in daily PM2.5 in utero was associated with increased PWV (β = 0.13 m/s; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02, 0.24; P = 0.02). The association between in utero exposure to daily PM2.5 was not altered by adjustment for covariates, body mass index, and maternal fire stress. Each 1 µg/m3 increase in background PM2.5 was associated with increased PWV (β = 0.68 m/s; 95% CI = 0.10, 1.26; P = 0.025), in children from the in utero exposure group. There was a trend toward smaller PWV (β = -0.17 m/s; 95% CI = -0.366, 0.02) from the 3- to 7-year follow-up clinic suggesting that the deficits observed previously in children exposed postnatally did not persist. Conclusion There was a moderate improvement in vascular stiffness of children exposed to PM2.5 from a local coal mine fire in infancy. There was a mild increase in vascular stiffness in children exposed to PM2.5 from a local coal mine fire while their mothers were pregnant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Hemstock
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, NHMRC CRE, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashley Bigaran
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Science and Dentistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Wellness and Supportive Care, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shantelle Allgood
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda J. Wheeler
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Environment, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marita Dalton
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Grant J. Williamson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Caroline X. Gao
- Centre for Youth Mental Health (Orygen), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J. Abramson
- Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, NHMRC CRE, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kazuaki Negishi
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fay H. Johnston
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, NHMRC CRE, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Graeme R. Zosky
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, NHMRC CRE, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Amnuaylojaroen T, Parasin N. Pathogenesis of PM 2.5-Related Disorders in Different Age Groups: Children, Adults, and the Elderly. EPIGENOMES 2024; 8:13. [PMID: 38651366 PMCID: PMC11036283 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes8020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of PM2.5 on human health fluctuate greatly among various age groups, influenced by a range of physiological and immunological reactions. This paper compares the pathogenesis of the disease caused by PM2.5 in people of different ages, focusing on how children, adults, and the elderly are each susceptible to it because of differences in their bodies. Regarding children, exposure to PM2.5 is linked to many negative consequences. These factors consist of inflammation, oxidative stress, and respiratory problems, which might worsen pre-existing conditions and potentially cause neurotoxicity and developmental issues. Epigenetic changes can affect the immune system and make people more likely to get respiratory diseases. On the other hand, exposures during pregnancy can change how the cardiovascular and central nervous systems develop. In adults, the inhalation of PM2.5 is associated with a wide range of health problems. These include respiratory difficulties, reduced pulmonary function, and an increased susceptibility to illnesses such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. In addition, exposure to PM2.5 induces systemic inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, and neurotoxic consequences. Evident disturbances in the immune system and cognitive function demonstrate the broad impact of PM2.5. The elderly population is prone to developing respiratory and cardiovascular difficulties, which worsen their pre-existing health issues and raise the risk of cognitive decline and neurological illnesses. Having additional medical conditions, such as peptic ulcer disease, significantly increases the likelihood of being admitted to hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerachai Amnuaylojaroen
- School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Research Unit, School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Nichapa Parasin
- School of Allied Health Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
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Ghosh B, Barman HC, Ghosh S, Habib MM, Mahato J, Dayal L, Mahato S, Sao P, Murmu AC, Chowdhury AD, Pramanik S, Biswas R, Kumar S, Padhy PK. Air pollution status and attributable health effects across the state of West Bengal, India, during 2016-2021. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:165. [PMID: 38233613 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the most significant threats to human safety due to its detrimental health consequences worldwide. This study examines the air pollution levels in 22 districts of West Bengal from 2016 to 2021, using data from 81 stations operated by the West Bengal Pollution Control Board (WBPCB). The study assesses the short- and long-term impacts of particulate matter (PM) on human health. The highest annual variation of PM10 was noted in 2016 (106.99 ± 34.17 μg/m3), and the lowest was reported in 2020 (88.02 ± 13.61 μg/m3), whereas the highest annual variations of NO2 (μg/m3) were found in 2016 (35.17 ± 13.55 μg/m3), and lowest in 2019 (29.72 ± 13.08 μg/m3). Similarly, the SO2 level was lower (5.35 μg/m3) in 2017 and higher in 2020 (7.78 μg/m3). In the state, Bardhaman, Bankura, Kolkata, and Howrah recorded the highest PM10 concentrations. The monthly and seasonal variations of pollution showed higher in December, January, and February (winter season) and lowest observed in June, July, and August (rainy season). The southern part of West Bengal state has recorded higher pollution levels than the northern part. The short- and long-term health impact assessment due to particulate matter shows that the estimated number of attributable cases (ENACs) for incidence of chronic bronchitis in adults and prevalence of bronchitis in children were 305,234 and 14,652 respectively. The long-term impact of PM2.5 on human health ENACs for mortality due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for adults, acute lower respiratory infections in children aged 0-5, lung cancer, and stroke for adults were 21,303, 12,477, 25,064, 94,406, and 86,272 respectively. This outcome assists decision-makers and stakeholders in effectively addressing the air pollution and health risk concerns within the specified area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhadev Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Harish Chandra Barman
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Sayoni Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Md Maimun Habib
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Jayashree Mahato
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Lovely Dayal
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Susmita Mahato
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Priti Sao
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Atul Chandra Murmu
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Ayontika Deb Chowdhury
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Sourina Pramanik
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Rupsa Biswas
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Padhy
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India.
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5
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Ritz BR. A Long Way from Steubenville: Environmental Epidemiology in a Rapidly Changing World. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1811-1819. [PMID: 35166328 PMCID: PMC11043788 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary focuses on research that has long been at the core of environmental epidemiology: studies of the health effects of air pollution. It highlights publications in the American Journal of Epidemiology going back more than 50 years that have contributed to the debate about the validity of this research and its meaning for public policy. Technological advances have greatly expanded the toolbox of environmental epidemiologists in terms of measuring and analyzing complex exposures in large populations. Yet, discussions about biases in estimating air pollution health effects have always been and remain intense. Epidemiologists have brought new methodologies and concepts to this research, alleviating some but not all concerns. Here, the focus is on seminal epidemiologic work that established valid links between air pollution exposures and health outcomes and generated data for environmental policies and prevention. With this commentary, I hope to inspire epidemiologists to address many more of the burning environmental health questions-wildfires included-with a similar scientific doggedness. The rapidly changing conditions of our planet are challenging us to innovate and offer solutions, albeit perhaps a little bit faster this time around.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate R Ritz
- Correspondence to Dr. Beate Ritz, Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772 (e-mail: )
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Bhadola P, Chaudhary V, Markandan K, Talreja RK, Aggarwal S, Nigam K, Tahir M, Kaushik A, Rustagi S, Khalid M. Analysing role of airborne particulate matter in abetting SARS-CoV-2 outbreak for scheming regional pandemic regulatory modalities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116646. [PMID: 37481054 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The mutating SARS-CoV-2 necessitates gauging the role of airborne particulate matter in the COVID-19 outbreak for designing area-specific regulation modalities based on the environmental state-of-affair. To scheme the protocols, the hotspots of air pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, NH3, NO, NO2, SO2, and and environmental factors including relative humidity (RH), and temperature, along with COVID-19 cases and mortality from January 2020 till December 2020 from 29 different ground monitoring stations spanning Delhi, are mapped. Spearman correlation coefficients show a positive relationship between SARS-COV-2 with particulate matter (PM2.5 with r > 0.36 and PM10 with r > 0.31 and p-value <0·001). Besides, SARS-COV-2 transmission showed a substantial correlation with NH3 (r = 0.41), NO2 (r = 0.36), and NO (r = 0.35) with a p-value <0.001, which is highly indicative of their role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. These outcomes are associated with the source of PM and its constituent trace elements to understand their overtone with COVID-19. This strongly validates temporal and spatial variation in COVID-19 dependence on air pollutants as well as on environmental factors. Besides, the bottlenecks of missing latent data, monotonous dependence of variables, and the role air pollutants with secondary environmental variables are discussed. The analysis set the foundation for strategizing regional-based modalities considering environmental variables (i.e., pollutant concentration, relative humidity, temperature) as well as urban and transportation planning for efficient control and handling of future public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Bhadola
- Centre for Theoretical Physics & Natural Philosophy, Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan 60130, Thailand
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Department of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110072, India.
| | - Kalaimani Markandan
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rishi Kumar Talreja
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sumit Aggarwal
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases (ECD), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Headquaters, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Kuldeep Nigam
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases (ECD), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Headquaters, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mohammad Tahir
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turun Yliopisto, Finland
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBio Tech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, 33805, USA; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India; School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India.
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7
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Fadadu RP, Chee E, Jung A, Chen JY, Abuabara K, Wei ML. Air pollution and global healthcare use for atopic dermatitis: A systematic review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:1958-1970. [PMID: 37184289 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing air pollution is common around the world, but the impacts of outdoor air pollution exposure on atopic dermatitis (AD) are unclear. We synthesized the current global epidemiologic evidence for air pollution exposure and associated medical visits for AD among adults and children. This review followed PRISMA guidelines, and searches were conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE databases. The searches yielded 390 studies, and after screening, 18 studies around the world assessing at least 5,197,643 medical visits for AD in total were included for the final analysis. We found that exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5 ) [(10/11) of studies], particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter (PM10 ) (11/13), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) (12/14) and sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) (10/13) was positively associated with AD visits. Results were equivocal for ozone [(4/8) of studies reported positive association] and limited for carbon monoxide [(1/4) of studies reported positive association]. When stratifying results by patient age, patient sex and season, we found that the associations with particulate matter, NO2 and O3 may be affected by temperature. Exposure to selected air pollutants is associated with AD visits, and increasingly poor worldwide air quality may increase global healthcare use for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Fadadu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Dermatology Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - E Chee
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - A Jung
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- School of Information, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - J Y Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Dermatology Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - K Abuabara
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - M L Wei
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Dermatology Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
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8
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Park KH, Choi YJ, Min WK, Lee SH, Kim J, Jeong SH, Lee JH, Choi BM, Kim S. Particulate matter induces arrhythmia-like cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos by altering the expression levels of cardiac development- and ion channel-related genes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115201. [PMID: 37418944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a risk factor that increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this study, we investigated the cardiotoxicity of particulate matter (PM) exposure using a zebrafish embryo model. We found that PM exposure induced cardiotoxicity, such as arrhythmia, during cardiac development. PM exposure caused cardiotoxicity by altering the expression levels of cardiac development (T-box transcription factor 20, natriuretic peptide A, and GATA-binding protein 4)- and ion-channel (scn5lab, kcnq1, kcnh2a/b, and kcnh6a/b)-related genes. In conclusion, this study showed that PM induces the aberrant expression of cardiac development- and ion channel-related genes, leading to arrhythmia-like cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos. Our study provides a foundation for further research on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of cardiotoxicity induced by PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hee Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15588, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15588, the Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kee Min
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15588, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Lee
- Zebrafish Translational Medical Research Center, Korea University, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15588, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jeong
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15588, the Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15588, the Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Min Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15588, the Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 04763, the Republic of Korea; Zebrafish Translational Medical Research Center, Korea University, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, the Republic of Korea.
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9
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Jones JS, Nedkoff L, Heyworth JS, Almeida OP, Flicker L, Golledge J, Hankey GJ, Lim EH, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Yeap BB, Trevenen ML. Long-term exposure to low-concentration PM 2.5 and heart disease in older men in Perth, Australia: The Health in Men Study. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e255. [PMID: 37545811 PMCID: PMC10402964 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with increased risk of heart disease, but less is known about the relationship at low concentrations. This study aimed to determine the dose-response relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and risk of incident ischemic heart disease (IHD), incident heart failure (HF), and incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in older men living in a region with relatively low ambient air pollution. Methods PM2.5 exposure was estimated for 11,249 older adult males who resided in Perth, Western Australia and were recruited from 1996 to 1999. Participants were followed until 2018 for the HF and AF outcomes, and until 2017 for IHD. Cox-proportional hazards models, using age as the analysis time, and adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors were used. PM2.5 was entered as a restricted cubic spline to model nonlinearity. Results We observed a mean PM2.5 concentration of 4.95 μg/m3 (SD 1.68 μg/m3) in the first year of recruitment. After excluding participants with preexisting disease and adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors, PM2.5 exposure was associated with a trend toward increased incidence of IHD, HF, and AF, but none were statistically significant. At a PM2.5 concentration of 7 μg/m3 the hazard ratio for incident IHD was 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.86, 1.25) compared with the reference category of 1 μg/m3. Conclusions We did not observe a significant association between long-term exposure to low-concentration PM2.5 air pollution and IHD, HF, or AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S. Jones
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lee Nedkoff
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane S. Heyworth
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Osvaldo P. Almeida
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leon Flicker
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graeme J. Hankey
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H. Lim
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bu B. Yeap
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Trevenen
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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10
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Saleh WM, Ahmad MI, Yahya EB, H P S AK. Nanostructured Bioaerogels as a Potential Solution for Particulate Matter Pollution. Gels 2023; 9:575. [PMID: 37504454 PMCID: PMC10379271 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) pollution is a significant environmental and public health issue globally. Exposure to high levels of PM, especially fine particles, can have severe health consequences. These particles can come from a variety of sources, including natural events like dust storms and wildfires, as well as human activities such as industrial processes and transportation. Although an extensive development in air filtration techniques has been made in the past few years, fine particulate matter still poses a serios and dangerous threat to human health and to our environment. Conventional air filters are fabricated from non-biodegradable and non-ecofriendly materials which can cause further environmental pollution as a result of their excessive use. Nanostructured biopolymer aerogels have shown great promise in the field of particulate matter removal. Their unique properties, renewable nature, and potential for customization make them attractive materials for air pollution control. In the present review, we discuss the meaning, properties, and advantages of nanostructured aerogels and their potential in particulate matter removal. Particulate matter pollution, types and sources of particulate matter, health effect, environmental effect, and the challenges facing scientists in particulate matter removal are also discussed in the present review. Finally, we present the most recent advances in using nanostructured bioaerogels in the removal of different types of particulate matter and discuss the challenges that we face in these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Mustafa Saleh
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Mardiana Idayu Ahmad
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings and Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Khalil H P S
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings and Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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11
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Swetschinski L, Fong KC, Morello-Frosch R, Marshall JD, Bell ML. Exposures to ambient particulate matter are associated with reduced adult earnings potential. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:116391. [PMID: 37308068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The societal costs of air pollution have historically been measured in terms of premature deaths (including the corresponding values of statistical lives lost), disability-adjusted life years, and medical costs. Emerging research, however, demonstrated potential impacts of air pollution on human capital formation. Extended contact with pollutants such as airborne particulate matter among young persons whose biological systems are still developing can result in pulmonary, neurobehavioral, and birth complications, hindering academic performance as well as skills and knowledge acquisition. Using a dataset that tracks 2014-2015 incomes for 96.2% of Americans born between 1979 and 1983, we assessed the association between childhood exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and adult earnings outcomes across U.S. Census tracts. After accounting for pertinent economic covariates and regional random effects, our regression models indicate that early-life exposure to PM2.5 is associated with lower predicted income percentiles by mid-adulthood; all else equal, children raised in high pollution tracts (at the 75th percentile of PM2.5) are estimated to have approximately a 0.51 decrease in income percentile relative to children raised in low pollution tracts (at the 25th percentile of PM2.5). For a person earning the median income, this difference corresponds to a $436 lower annual income (in 2015 USD). We estimate that 2014-2015 earnings for the 1978-1983 birth cohort would have been ∼$7.18 billion higher had their childhood exposure met U.S. air quality standards for PM2.5. Stratified models show that the relationship between PM2.5 and diminished earnings is more pronounced for low-income children and for children living in rural environments. These findings raise concerns about long-term environmental and economic justice for children living in areas with poor air quality where air pollution could act as a barrier to intergenerational class equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Swetschinski
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Kelvin C Fong
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Julian D Marshall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Michelle L Bell
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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12
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Hemstock EJ, Foong RE, Hall GL, Wheeler AJ, Dharmage SC, Dalton M, Williamson GJ, Gao C, Abramson MJ, Johnston FH, Zosky GR. No association between in utero exposure to emissions from a coalmine fire and post-natal lung function. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:120. [PMID: 37059986 PMCID: PMC10103534 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Studies linking early life exposure to air pollution and subsequent impaired lung health have focused on chronic, low-level exposures in urban settings. We aimed to determine whether in utero exposure to an acute, high-intensity air pollution episode impaired lung function 7-years later. METHOD We conducted a prospective cohort study of children who lived in the vicinity of a coalmine fire. Respiratory function was measured using the forced oscillation technique (FOT). Z-scores for resistance at 5 Hz (R5), reactance at 5 Hz (X5) and area under the reactance curve (AX) were calculated. Two sets of analyses were conducted to address two separate questions: (1) whether mine fire exposure (a binary indicator; conceived after the mine fire vs in utero exposed) was associated with the respiratory Z-scores; (2) whether there was any dose-response relationship between fire-related PM2.5 exposure and respiratory outcomes among those exposed. RESULTS Acceptable lung function measurements were obtained from 79 children; 25 unexposed and 54 exposed in utero. Median (interquartile range) for daily average and peak PM2.5 for the exposed children were 4.2 (2.6 - 14.2) and 88 (52-225) µg/m3 respectively. There were no detectable differences in Z-scores between unexposed and exposed children. There were no associations between respiratory Z-scores and in utero exposure to PM2.5 (daily average or peak). CONCLUSION There was no detectable effect of in utero exposure to PM2.5 from a local coalmine fire on post-natal lung function 7-years later. However, statistical power was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Hemstock
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, NHMRC CRE, Glebe, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachel E Foong
- Children's Lung Health, Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Graham L Hall
- Children's Lung Health, Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Amanda J Wheeler
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Aspendale, VIC, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marita Dalton
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Grant J Williamson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Caroline Gao
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Orygen Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fay H Johnston
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Graeme R Zosky
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
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13
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Shin MK, Kim KN. Association between long-term air pollution exposure and development of diabetes among community-dwelling adults: Modification of the associations by dietary nutrients. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107908. [PMID: 37004480 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the modifying effects of dietary factors on the association between air pollution and diabetes-related outcomes are limited. We examined whether dietary nutrients could modify the association between long-term air pollution exposure and the development of diabetes. METHODS We used data from the Cardiovascular Disease Association Study, which enrolled adults aged 40-69 years in Korea between 2005 and 2011 and followed them up until 2016 (n = 14,667). Annual concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at each participant's residence(s) were estimated using community multiscale air quality models. Intake of 22 dietary nutrients was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire during the baseline survey. We examined the product terms between air pollution levels (continuous) and each dietary nutrient (quartile) using Cox regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS PM2.5 [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.49, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.11, 2.00] and NO2 (HR = 1.29, 95 % CI: 1.12, 1.49) concentrations were found to be associated with incident diabetes. NO2 levels interacted with dietary intake of retinol, vitamin A, and cholesterol (p-values for interaction < 0.05). Stronger associations were observed between NO2 levels and the occurrence of diabetes among individuals with a lower intake of these nutrients compared to those with a higher intake. No interaction was found between PM2.5 and the 22 investigated dietary nutrients. CONCLUSIONS Adequate intake of dietary nutrients, such as retinol, vitamin A, and cholesterol, from various food items in a balanced diet may prevent the occurrence of diabetes in a setting wherein reduction of air pollution levels cannot be achieved in a short time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Kyung Shin
- Department of Preventive, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Department of Preventive, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Zhang W, Li Z, Li G, Kong L, Jing H, Zhang N, Ning J, Gao S, Zhang Y, Wang X, Tao J. PM 2.5 induce lifespan reduction, insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway disruption and lipid metabolism disorder in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1055175. [PMID: 36817915 PMCID: PMC9932997 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1055175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM), especially PM2.5, can induce various adverse health effects in populations, including diseases and premature death, but the mechanism of its toxicity is largely unknown. Methods Water-soluble components of PM2.5 (WS-PM2.5) were collected in the north of China in winter, and combined in two groups with the final concentrations of 94 μg/mL (CL group, AQI ≤ 100) and 119 μg/mL (CH group, 100 < AQI ≤ 200), respectively. The acute and long-term toxic effects of WS-PM2.5 samples were evaluated in several aspects such as development, lifespan, healthspan (locomotion behavior, heat stress tolerance, lipofucin). DAF mutants and genes were applied to verify the action of IIS pathway in WS-PM2.5 induced-effects. RNA-Sequencing was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, as well as ROS production and Oil red O staining were also served as means of mechanism exploration. Results Body length and lifespan were shortened by exposure to WS-PM2.5. Healthspan of nematodes revealed adverse effects evaluated by head thrash, body bend, pharyngeal pump, as well as intestinal lipofuscin accumulation and survival time under heat stress. The abbreviated lifespan of daf-2(e1370) strain and reduced expression level of daf-16 and hsp-16.2 indicated that IIS pathway might be involved in the mechanism. Thirty-five abnormally expressed genes screened out by RNA-Sequencing techniques, were functionally enriched in lipid/lipid metabolism and transport, and may contribute substantially to the regulation of PM2.5 induced adverse effects in nematodes. Conclusion WS-PM2.5 exposure induce varying degrees of toxic effects, such as body development, shorten lifespan and healthspan. The IIS pathway and lipid metabolism/transport were disturbed by WS-PM2.5 during WS-PM2.5 exposure, suggesting their regulatory role in lifespan determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zinan Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China,School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China,School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Guojun Li ✉
| | - Ling Kong
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Haiming Jing
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China,School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Junyu Ning
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China,School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
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15
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Park SB, Kim EA, Kim KY, Koh B. Induction of toxicity in human colon cells and organoids by size- and composition-dependent road dust. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2833-2840. [PMID: 36756445 PMCID: PMC9845984 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07500h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution, including the annual resurgence of particulate matter derived from road dust, is a serious issue worldwide. Typically, the size of road dust is less than 10 μm; thus, road dust can penetrate into human organs, including the brain, through inhalation and intake by mouth. Therefore, the toxicity of road dust has been intensively studied in vitro and in vivo. However, in vitro systems, including 2D cell cultures, cannot mimic complex human organs, and there are several discrepancies between in vivo and human systems. Here, we used human colon cells and organoids to evaluate the cytotoxicity of particulate matter derived from road dust. The toxicity of road dust collected in industrialized and high traffic areas and NIST urban particulate matter reference samples were evaluated in 2D and 3D human colon cells as well as colon organoids and their characteristics were carefully examined. Data suggest that the size and elemental compositions of road dust can correlate with colon organoid toxicity, and thus, a more careful assessment of the size and elemental compositions of road dust should be conducted to predict its effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bum Park
- Biotechnology and Therapeutics Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- National Assembly Futures InstituteMembers Office Bldg, 1 Uisadang-daero, Yeongdeungpo-guSeoul07233Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Biotechnology and Therapeutics Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Byumseok Koh
- Biotechnology and Therapeutics Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
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16
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Rahman MM, Carter SA, Lin JC, Chow T, Yu X, Martinez MP, Chen Z, Chen JC, Rud D, Lewinger JP, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Eckel SP, Schwartz J, Lurmann F, Kleeman MJ, McConnell R, Xiang AH. Associations of Autism Spectrum Disorder with PM 2.5 Components: A Comparative Study Using Two Different Exposure Models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:405-414. [PMID: 36548990 PMCID: PMC10898516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study examined associations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with prenatal exposure to major fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components estimated using two independent exposure models. The cohort included 318 750 mother-child pairs with singleton deliveries in Kaiser Permanente Southern California hospitals from 2001 to 2014 and followed until age five. ASD cases during follow-up (N = 4559) were identified by ICD codes. Prenatal exposures to PM2.5, elemental (EC) and black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), nitrate (NO3-), and sulfate (SO42-) were constructed using (i) a source-oriented chemical transport model and (ii) a hybrid model. Exposures were assigned to each maternal address during the entire pregnancy, first, second, and third trimester. In single-pollutant models, ASD was associated with pregnancy-average PM2.5, EC/BC, OM, and SO42- exposures from both exposure models, after adjustment for covariates. The direction of effect estimates was consistent for EC/BC and OM and least consistent for NO3-. EC/BC, OM, and SO42- were generally robust to adjustment for other components and for PM2.5. EC/BC and OM effect estimates were generally larger and more consistent in the first and second trimester and SO42- in the third trimester. Future PM2.5 composition health effect studies might consider using multiple exposure models and a weight of evidence approach when interpreting effect estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Sarah A Carter
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Jane C Lin
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Xin Yu
- Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mayra P Martinez
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Daniel Rud
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Juan P Lewinger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Sandrah Proctor Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, California 94954, United States
| | - Michael J Kleeman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
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Hernandez N, Caetano-Anollés G. Worldwide Correlations Support COVID-19 Seasonal Behavior and Impact of Global Change. Evol Bioinform Online 2023; 19:11769343231169377. [PMID: 37155556 PMCID: PMC10113908 DOI: 10.1177/11769343231169377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viral diseases exhibit seasonal behavior and can be affected by environmental stressors. Using time-series correlation charts extrapolated from worldwide data, we provide strong support for the seasonal development of COVID-19 regardless of the immunity of the population, behavioral changes, and the periodic appearance of new variants with higher rates of infectivity and transmissibility. Statistically significant latitudinal gradients were also observed with indicators of global change. Using the Environmental Protection Index (EPI) and State of Global Air (SoGA) metrics, a bilateral analysis of environmental health and ecosystem vitality effects showed associations with COVID-19 transmission. Air quality, pollution emissions, and other indicators showed strong correlations with COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Remarkably, EPI category and performance indicators also correlated with latitude, suggesting cultural and psychological diversity in human populations not only impact wealth and happiness but also planetary health at latitudinal level. Looking forward, we conclude there will be a need to disentangle the seasonal and global change effects of COVID-19 noting that countries that go against the health of the planet affect health in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Caetano-Anollés
- Gustavo Caetano-Anollés, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 332 NSRC, 1101W Peabody Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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18
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Goriainova V, Awada C, Opoku F, Zelikoff JT. Adverse Effects of Black Carbon (BC) Exposure during Pregnancy on Maternal and Fetal Health: A Contemporary Review. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10120779. [PMID: 36548612 PMCID: PMC9781396 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is a major component of ambient particulate matter (PM), one of the six Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Criteria air pollutants. The majority of research on the adverse effects of BC exposure so far has been focused on respiratory and cardiovascular systems in children. Few studies have also explored whether prenatal BC exposure affects the fetus, the placenta and/or the course of pregnancy itself. Thus, this contemporary review seeks to elucidate state-of-the-art research on this understudied topic. Epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between BC and a variety of adverse effects on fetal health, including low birth weight for gestational age and increased risk of preterm birth, as well as cardiometabolic and respiratory system complications following maternal exposure during pregnancy. There is epidemiological evidence suggesting that BC exposure increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, as well as other maternal health issues, such as pregnancy loss, all of which need to be more thoroughly investigated. Adverse placental effects from BC exposure include inflammatory responses, interference with placental iodine uptake, and expression of DNA repair and tumor suppressor genes. Taking into account the differences in BC exposure around the world, as well as interracial disparities and the need to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the health effects associated with prenatal exposure, toxicological research examining the effects of early life exposure to BC is needed.
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Wei X, Huang Z, Jiang L, Li Y, Zhang X, Leng Y, Jiang C. Charting the landscape of the environmental exposome. IMETA 2022; 1:e50. [PMID: 38867899 PMCID: PMC10989948 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The exposome depicts the total exposures in the lifetime of an organism. Human exposome comprises exposures from environmental and humanistic sources. Biological, chemical, and physical environmental exposures pose potential health threats, especially to susceptible populations. Although still in its nascent stage, we are beginning to recognize the vast and dynamic nature of the exposome. In this review, we systematically summarize the biological and chemical environmental exposomes in three broad environmental matrices-air, soil, and water; each contains several distinct subcategories, along with a brief introduction to the physical exposome. Disease-related environmental exposures are highlighted, and humans are also a major source of disease-related biological exposures. We further discuss the interactions between biological, chemical, and physical exposomes. Finally, we propose a list of outstanding challenges under the exposome research framework that need to be addressed to move the field forward. Taken together, we present a detailed landscape of environmental exposome to prime researchers to join this exciting new field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zinuo Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Liuyiqi Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yueer Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of GeneticsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yuxin Leng
- Department of Intensive Care UnitPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chao Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
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20
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Qiu X, Wei Y, Amini H, Wang C, Weisskopf M, Koutrakis P, Schwartz J. Fine particle components and risk of psychiatric hospitalization in the U.S. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157934. [PMID: 35952868 PMCID: PMC10021693 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of evidence for the associations between atmospheric particle components exposure and psychiatric health. We aimed to identify the most toxic particle component(s) and source(s) related with psychiatric illness. METHODS Using Health Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Inpatient Databases (SIDs), we analyzed the relative risk (RR) of psychiatric hospitalization associated with increased residential exposure to 14 particle components (Zn, V, Si, Pb, Ni, K, Fe, Cu, Ca, Br, sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC)). We covered the residents of eight U.S. states, who contributed to 5,012,041 psychiatric admissions over 2002-2018. Single component models were conducted via fitting zero-inflated negative binomial regression for each component with aggregated counts of total psychiatric hospitalizations per ZIP code per year as dependent variable. We used Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) to identify particle source factors and obtained the source-specific estimates. Generalized Weighted Quantile Sum (gWQS) Regression was applied to obtain an overall mixture effect. Separate but similar models were fitted for different age groups (<30 yrs. vs. ≥ 30 yrs) and psychiatric illness sub-categories to assess effect heterogeneity. RESULTS Sulfate, Fe, Pb and Zn were associated with the largest risk increases in single-component models. The biggest harmful associations were observed for metal industry source (high loadings of Pb and sulfate). For one quartile increase in components mixture score, we observed an adjusted RR of 1.24 (95 % CI, 1.21-1.26). Older population were more affected. We also observed higher increase in bipolar and psychotic admission risk for increased components source and mixture level. CONCLUSION Living in areas with higher levels of particle components was associated with increased risk of psychiatric hospitalization among the residents in eight U.S. states. Certain components (i.e. Pb, sulfate) and sources (metal industry) were the most related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Qiu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yaguang Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heresh Amini
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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He X, Zhang L, Liu S, Wang J, Liu Y, Xiong A, Jiang M, Luo L, Ying X, Li G. Methyltransferase-like 3 leads to lung injury by up-regulation of interleukin 24 through N6-methyladenosine-dependent mRNA stability and translation efficiency in mice exposed to fine particulate matter 2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119607. [PMID: 35718042 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) exposure leads to the progress of pulmonary disease. It has been reported that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification was involved in various biological processes and diseases. However, the critical role of m6A modification in pulmonary disease during PM2.5 exposure remains elusive. Here, we revealed that lung inflammation and mucus production caused by PM2.5 were associated with m6A modification. Both in vivo and in vitro assays demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure elevated the total level of m6A modification as well as the methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) expression. Integration analysis of m6A RNA immunoprecipitation-seq (meRIP-seq) and RNA-seq discovered that METTL3 up-regulated the expression level and the m6A modification of Interleukin 24 (IL24). Importantly, we explored that the stability of IL24 mRNA was enhanced due to the increased m6A modification. Moreover, the data from qRT-PCR showed that PM2.5 also increased YTH N6-Methyladenosine RNA Binding Protein 1 (YTHDF1) expression, and the up-regulated YTHDF1 augmented IL24 mRNA translation efficiency. Down-regulation of Mettl3 reduced Il24 expression and ameliorated the pulmonary inflammation and mucus secretion in mice exposed to PM2.5. Taken together, our finding provided a comprehensive insight for revealing the significant role of m6A regulators in the lung injury via METTL3/YTHDF1-coupled epitranscriptomal regulation of IL24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang He
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Shengbin Liu
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Anying Xiong
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Manling Jiang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Li Luo
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xiong Ying
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Friendship Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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22
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Chaudhary V, Bhadola P, Kaushik A, Khalid M, Furukawa H, Khosla A. Assessing temporal correlation in environmental risk factors to design efficient area-specific COVID-19 regulations: Delhi based case study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12949. [PMID: 35902653 PMCID: PMC9333075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amid ongoing devastation due to Serve-Acute-Respiratory-Coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2), the global spatial and temporal variation in the pandemic spread has strongly anticipated the requirement of designing area-specific preventive strategies based on geographic and meteorological state-of-affairs. Epidemiological and regression models have strongly projected particulate matter (PM) as leading environmental-risk factor for the COVID-19 outbreak. Understanding the role of secondary environmental-factors like ammonia (NH3) and relative humidity (RH), latency of missing data structuring, monotonous correlation remains obstacles to scheme conclusive outcomes. We mapped hotspots of airborne PM2.5, PM10, NH3, and RH concentrations, and COVID-19 cases and mortalities for January, 2021-July,2021 from combined data of 17 ground-monitoring stations across Delhi. Spearmen and Pearson coefficient correlation show strong association (p-value < 0.001) of COVID-19 cases and mortalities with PM2.5 (r > 0.60) and PM10 (r > 0.40), respectively. Interestingly, the COVID-19 spread shows significant dependence on RH (r > 0.5) and NH3 (r = 0.4), anticipating their potential role in SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. We found systematic lockdown as a successful measure in combatting SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. These outcomes strongly demonstrate regional and temporal differences in COVID-19 severity with environmental-risk factors. The study lays the groundwork for designing and implementing regulatory strategies, and proper urban and transportation planning based on area-specific environmental conditions to control future infectious public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell and Department of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110043, India.
| | - Pradeep Bhadola
- Centre for Theoretical Physics and Natural Philosophy, Nakhonsawan Studiorum for Advanced Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan, 60130, Thailand.
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health System Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, 33805, USA.,School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES) , Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering (SMS2E) Research Cluster, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hidemitsu Furukawa
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Ajit Khosla
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710126, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Recent Insights into Particulate Matter (PM 2.5)-Mediated Toxicity in Humans: An Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127511. [PMID: 35742761 PMCID: PMC9223652 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiologic and toxicological studies have commonly viewed ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), defined as particles having an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm, as a significant potential danger to human health. PM2.5 is mostly absorbed through the respiratory system, where it can infiltrate the lung alveoli and reach the bloodstream. In the respiratory system, reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) and oxidative stress stimulate the generation of mediators of pulmonary inflammation and begin or promote numerous illnesses. According to the most recent data, fine particulate matter, or PM2.5, is responsible for nearly 4 million deaths globally from cardiopulmonary illnesses such as heart disease, respiratory infections, chronic lung disease, cancers, preterm births, and other illnesses. There has been increased worry in recent years about the negative impacts of this worldwide danger. The causal associations between PM2.5 and human health, the toxic effects and potential mechanisms of PM2.5, and molecular pathways have been described in this review.
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24
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Alnwisi SMM, Chai C, Acharya BK, Qian AM, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Vaughn MG, Xian H, Wang Q, Lin H. Empirical dynamic modeling of the association between ambient PM 2.5 and under-five mortality across 2851 counties in Mainland China, 1999-2012. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 237:113513. [PMID: 35453020 PMCID: PMC9061697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution has been associated with mortality from various diseases, however, its association with under-five mortality rate (U5MR) has remained largely unknown. METHODS Based on the U5MR data across 2851 counties in Mainland China from 1999 to 2012, we employed approximate Bayesian latent Gaussian models to assess the association between ambient PM2.5 and U5MR at the county level for the whole nation and sub-regions. GDP growth rate, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), temperature, and night-time light were included as covariates using a smoothing function. We further implemented an empirical dynamic model (EDM) to explore the potential causal relationship between PM2.5 and U5MR. RESULTS We observed a declining trend in U5MR in most counties throughout the study period. Spatial heterogeneity in U5MR was observed. Nationwide analysis suggested that each 10 µg/m3 increase in annual concentration of PM2.5 was associated with an increase of 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0 - 1.3) per 1000 live births in U5MR. Regional analyses showed that the strongest positive association was located in the Northeastern part of China [1.8 (95% CI: 1.4 - 2.1)]. The EDM showed a significant causal association between PM2.5 and U5MR, with an embedding dimension of 5 and 7, and nonlinear values θ of 4 and 6, respectively. CONCLUSION China exhibited a downward trend in U5MR from 1999 to 2012, with spatial heterogeneity observed across the country. Our analysis reveals a positive association between PM2.5 and U5MR, which may support a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh M M Alnwisi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Chai
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Bipin Kumar Acharya
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aaron M Qian
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences Saint Louis University, 3700 Lindell Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Tegeler Hall, 3550 Lindell Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Hong Xian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Qinzhou Wang
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Cheliotis KS, Jewell CP, Solórzano C, Urban B, Collins AM, Mitsi E, Pojar S, Nikolaou E, German EL, Reiné J, Gordon SB, Jochems SP, Rylance J, Ferreira DM. Influence of sex, season and environmental air quality on experimental human pneumococcal carriage acquisition: a retrospective cohort analysis. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00586-2021. [PMID: 35415189 PMCID: PMC8995542 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00586-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most commonly identified bacterial cause of pneumonia and the leading infectious cause of death in children under 5 years of age worldwide. Pneumococcal disease follows a seasonal pattern with increased incidence during winter. Pneumonia burden is also associated with poor air quality. Nasopharyngeal carriage of the bacterium is a pre-requisite of invasive disease. We aimed to determine if susceptibility to nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage varied by season and which environmental factors might explain such variation. We also evaluated the influence of sex on susceptibility of carriage. We collated data from five studies in which human volunteers underwent intranasal pneumococcal challenge. Generalised linear mixed-effects models were used to identify factors associated with altered risk of carriage acquisition, specifically climate and air-quality data. During 2011-2017, 374 healthy adults were challenged with type 6B pneumococcus. Odds of carriage were significantly lower in males (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.92; p=0.02), and higher with cooler temperatures (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63-0.99; p=0.04). Likelihood of carriage was also associated with lower concentrations of local fine particulate matter concentrations (PM2.5) and increased local rainfall. In contrast to epidemiological series, experimental challenge allowed us to test propensity to acquisition during controlled exposures; immunological explanations for sex and climatic differences should be sought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla Solórzano
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Britta Urban
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrea M. Collins
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elena Mitsi
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sherin Pojar
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elissavet Nikolaou
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Esther L. German
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jesús Reiné
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen B. Gordon
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Simon P. Jochems
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jamie Rylance
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniela M. Ferreira
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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26
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Vu BN, Bi J, Wang W, Huff A, Kondragunta S, Liu Y. Application of geostationary satellite and high-resolution meteorology data in estimating hourly PM 2.5 levels during the Camp Fire episode in California. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2022; 271:112890. [PMID: 37033879 PMCID: PMC10081518 DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2022.112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Wildland fire smoke contains large amounts of PM2.5 that can traverse tens to hundreds of kilometers, resulting in significant deterioration of air quality and excess mortality and morbidity in downwind regions. Estimating PM2.5 levels while considering the impact of wildfire smoke has been challenging due to the lack of ground monitoring coverage near the smoke plumes. We aim to estimate total PM2.5 concentration during the Camp Fire episode, the deadliest wildland fire in California history. Our random forest (RF) model combines calibrated low-cost sensor data (PurpleAir) with regulatory monitor measurements (Air Quality System, AQS) to bolster ground observations, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 (GOES-16)'s high temporal resolution to achieve hourly predictions, and oversampling techniques (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique, SMOTE) to reduce model underestimation at high PM2.5 levels. In addition, meteorological fields at 3 km resolution from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh model and land use variables were also included in the model. Our AQS-only model achieved an out of bag (OOB) R2 (RMSE) of 0.84 (12.00 μg/m3) and spatial and temporal cross-validation (CV) R2 (RMSE) of 0.74 (16.28 μg/m3) and 0.73 (16.58 μg/m3), respectively. Our AQS + Weighted PurpleAir Model achieved OOB R2 (RMSE) of 0.86 (9.52 μg/m3) and spatial and temporal CV R2 (RMSE) of 0.75 (14.93 μg/m3) and 0.79 (11.89 μg/m3), respectively. Our AQS + Weighted PurpleAir + SMOTE Model achieved OOB R2 (RMSE) of 0.92 (10.44 μg/m3) and spatial and temporal CV R2 (RMSE) of 0.84 (12.36 μg/m3) and 0.85 (14.88 μg/m3), respectively. Hourly predictions from our model may aid in epidemiological investigations of intense and acute exposure to PM2.5 during the Camp Fire episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan N. Vu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jianzhao Bi
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Amy Huff
- I.M. Systems Group, 5825 University Research Ct, Suite 3250, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Shobha Kondragunta
- Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division, STAR Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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27
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Modeling Air Pollution Health Risk for Environmental Management of an Internationally Important Site: The Salt Range (Kallar Kahar), Pakistan. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the health effects of emissions released by cement industries and allied activities, such as mining and transportation, in the salt range area of district Chakwal, Pakistan. DISPER was used to estimate dispersion and contribution of source emission by cement industries and allied activities to surface accumulation of selected pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NOx, and O3). To assess the long-term effects of pollutants on human health within the radius of 500 m to 3 km, Air Q+ software was used, which was designed by the World Health Organization (WHO). One-year average monitoring data of selected pollutants, coordinates, health data, and population data were used as input data for the model. Data was collected on lung cancer mortality among different age groups (25+ and 30+), infant post-neonatal mortality, mortality due to respiratory disease, and all-cause mortality due to PM2.5 and NO2. Results showed that PM2.5 with the year-long concentration of 27.3 µg/m3 contributes a 9.9% attributable proportion (AP) to lung cancer mortality in adults aged 25+, and 13.8% AP in adults age 30+. Baseline incidence is 44.25% per 100,000 population. PM10 with the year-long concentration of 57.4 µg/m3 contributes 16.96% AP to infant post-neonatal mortality and baseline incidence is 53.86% per 1000 live births in the country. NO2 with the year-long concentration of 14.33 µg/m3 contributes 1.73% AP to all-cause mortality. Results obtained by a simulated 10% reduction in pollutant concentration showed that proper mitigation measures for reduction of pollutants’ concentration should be applied to decrease the rate of mortalities and morbidities. Furthermore, the study showed that PM2.5 and PM10 are significantly impacting the human health in the nearby villages, even after mitigation measures were taken by the selected cement industries. The study provides a roadmap to policymakers and stakeholders for environmental and health risk management in the area.
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28
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Favor OK, Pestka JJ, Bates MA, Lee KSS. Centrality of Myeloid-Lineage Phagocytes in Particle-Triggered Inflammation and Autoimmunity. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2021; 3:777768. [PMID: 35295146 PMCID: PMC8915915 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.777768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to exogenous particles found as airborne contaminants or endogenous particles that form by crystallization of certain nutrients can activate inflammatory pathways and potentially accelerate autoimmunity onset and progression in genetically predisposed individuals. The first line of innate immunological defense against particles are myeloid-lineage phagocytes, namely macrophages and neutrophils, which recognize/internalize the particles, release inflammatory mediators, undergo programmed/unprogrammed death, and recruit/activate other leukocytes to clear the particles and resolve inflammation. However, immunogenic cell death and release of damage-associated molecules, collectively referred to as "danger signals," coupled with failure to efficiently clear dead/dying cells, can elicit unresolved inflammation, accumulation of self-antigens, and adaptive leukocyte recruitment/activation. Collectively, these events can promote loss of immunological self-tolerance and onset/progression of autoimmunity. This review discusses critical molecular mechanisms by which exogenous particles (i.e., silica, asbestos, carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide, aluminum-containing salts) and endogenous particles (i.e., monosodium urate, cholesterol crystals, calcium-containing salts) may promote unresolved inflammation and autoimmunity by inducing toxic responses in myeloid-lineage phagocytes with emphases on inflammasome activation and necrotic and programmed cell death pathways. A prototypical example is occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica, which is etiologically linked to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other human autoimmune diseases. Importantly, airway instillation of SLE-prone mice with crystalline silica elicits severe pulmonary pathology involving accumulation of particle-laden alveolar macrophages, dying and dead cells, nuclear and cytoplasmic debris, and neutrophilic inflammation that drive cytokine, chemokine, and interferon-regulated gene expression. Silica-induced immunogenic cell death and danger signal release triggers accumulation of T and B cells, along with IgG-secreting plasma cells, indicative of ectopic lymphoid tissue neogenesis, and broad-spectrum autoantibody production in the lung. These events drive early autoimmunity onset and accelerate end-stage autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Intriguingly, dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids have been demonstrated to be an intervention against silica-triggered murine autoimmunity. Taken together, further insight into how particles drive immunogenic cell death and danger signaling in myeloid-lineage phagocytes and how these responses are influenced by the genome will be essential for identification of novel interventions for preventing and treating inflammatory and autoimmune diseases associated with these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K. Favor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James J. Pestka
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Melissa A. Bates
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Quezada-Maldonado EM, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Chirino YI, García-Cuellar CM. Airborne particulate matter induces oxidative damage, DNA adduct formation and alterations in DNA repair pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117313. [PMID: 34022687 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution, which includes particulate matter (PM), is classified in group 1 as a carcinogen to humans by the International Agency for Research in Cancer. Specifically, PM exposure has been associated with lung cancer in patients living in highly polluted cities. The precise mechanism by which PM is linked to cancer has not been completely described, and the genotoxicity induced by PM exposure plays a relevant role in cell damage. In this review, we aimed to analyze the types of DNA damage and alterations in DNA repair pathways induced by PM exposure, from both epidemiological and toxicological studies, to comprehend the contribution of PM exposure to carcinogenesis. Scientific evidence supports that PM exposure mainly causes oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the formation of DNA adducts, specifically by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). PM exposure also induces double-strand breaks (DSBs) and deregulates the expression of some proteins in DNA repair pathways, precisely, base and nucleotide excision repairs and homologous repair. Furthermore, specific polymorphisms of DNA repair genes could lead to an adverse response in subjects exposed to PM. Nevertheless, information about the effects of PM on DNA repair pathways is still limited, and it has not been possible to conclude which pathways are the most affected by exposure to PM or if DNA damage is repaired properly. Therefore, deepening the study of genotoxic damage and alterations of DNA repair pathways is needed for a more precise understanding of the carcinogenic mechanism of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka Marel Quezada-Maldonado
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, CDMX, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado Edificio B, Primer Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia M García-Cuellar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, CDMX, Mexico.
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Lu M, Tang X, Feng Y, Wang Z, Chen X, Kong L, Ji D, Liu Z, Liu K, Wu H, Liang S, Zhou H, Hu K. Nonlinear response of SIA to emission changes and chemical processes over eastern and central China during a heavy haze month. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147747. [PMID: 34034193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study used a chemical transport model to investigate the response of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) to chemical processes and its precursor emissions over northern and southern city-clusters of China in January 2014. Unexpectedly, SIA concentrations with low levels of precursor emissions were much higher over the southern regions than those over the northern region with high levels of precursor emissions, based on ground observations and high-precision simulations. The sensitivity analysis of chemical processes suggests that the gas-phase chemistry was a critical factor determining the SIA pattern, especially the higher efficiency of nitrogen conversion to nitrate in southern cities controlled by favorable meteorological elements than that in northern city. However, the heterogeneous process led to the decrease of SIA in southern regions by 3% to 36% and the increasing of SIA in NCP by 26.9%, mainly attributing to the impact on nitrate. The reason was that sulfate enhancement by the heterogeneous reactions can compete ammonia (NH3) and the excessive nitric acid converted into nitrogen oxide (NOx), leading to nitrate decrease in southern regions under NH3-deficient regimes. Moreover, through sensitivity experiments of precursor emission reduction by 20%, NH3 control was found to be the most effective for reducing SIA concentrations comparing to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and NOx reduction and a more remarkable decrease of SIA was in southern regions by 10% to 15% than that in northern region by 6.7%. The effect of the synergy control of precursors emission varied in different city-clusters, inferring that the control strategy aimed at improving air quality should be implemented based on specific characteristics of precursors emission in different regions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU, Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU, Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300074, China.
| | - Zifa Wang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Xueshun Chen
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lei Kong
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU, Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Huangjian Wu
- Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengwen Liang
- Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuhan 430015, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Hunan Meteorological Observatory, Changsha 410118, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuhan 430015, China
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31
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Brugge D, Lerman Ginzburg S, Hudda N, Sprague Martinez L, Meunier L, Hersey SP, Hochman I, Walker DI, Echevarria B, Thanikachalam M, Durant JL, Zamore W, Eliasziw M. A randomized crossover trial of HEPA air filtration to reduce cardiovascular risk for near highway residents: Methods and approach. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 108:106520. [PMID: 34332159 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Near highway residents are exposed to elevated levels of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), including ultrafine particles, which are associated with adverse health effects. The efficacy of using in-home air filtration units that reduce exposure and potentially yield health benefits has not been tested in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS We will conduct a randomized double-blind crossover trial of portable air filtration units for 200 adults 30 years and older who live in near-highway homes in Somerville, MA, USA. We will recruit participants from 172 households. The intervention periods will be one month of true or sham filtration, followed by a one-month wash out period and then a month of the alternate intervention. The primary health outcome will be systolic blood pressure (BP); secondary outcome measures will include diastolic and central BP, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and D-dimer. Reasons for success or failure of the intervention will be evaluated in a subset of homes using indoor/outdoor monitoring for particulate pollution, personal monitoring, size and composition of particulate pollution, tracking of time spent in the room with the filter, and interviews for qualitative feedback. RESULTS This trial has begun recruitment and is expected to take 2-3 years to be completed. Recruitment has been particularly challenging because of additional precautions required by the COVID-19 pandemic. DISCUSSION This study has the potential to shed light on the value of using portable air filtration in homes close to highways to reduce exposure to TRAP and whether doing so has benefits for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug Brugge
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Shir Lerman Ginzburg
- UConn Health Department of Public Health Sciences, Farmington, CT 06032., United States of America.
| | - Neelakshi Hudda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02476, United States of America
| | - Linda Sprague Martinez
- Macro Department, Boston University School of Social Work, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Leigh Meunier
- UConn Health Department of Public Health Sciences, Farmington, CT 06032., United States of America
| | - Scott P Hersey
- Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering, Needham, MA 02492, United States of America
| | - Ira Hochman
- inTouch Technology Corp., Cambridge, MA 02142, United States of America
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029l, United States of America
| | - Ben Echevarria
- Welcome Project, Somerville, MA 02145, United States of America
| | - Mohan Thanikachalam
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Public Health and Community Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, United States of America
| | - John L Durant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02476, United States of America
| | - Wig Zamore
- Somerville Transportation Equity Partnership, Somerville, MA 02145, United States of America
| | - Misha Eliasziw
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States of America
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Gu Y, Xiao ZH, Wu J, Guo M, Lv P, Dou N. Anti-Atherosclerotic Effect of Afrocyclamin A against Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is Mediated via p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:191-198. [PMID: 34096220 PMCID: PMC8181314 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research suggests that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) contributes to the expansion and development of atherosclerosis. Infiltration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the blood vessel media into the intima, is an important step in the atherosclerosis pathophysiology. Afrocyclamin A, is an oleanane-type triterpene saponin, isolated from Androsace umbellate, which is commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine. In the study, we examined the effect of Afrocyclamin A on PM2.5-induced VSMCs proliferation and scrutinized possible mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the experimental study, counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used for estimation of VSMCs viability. BrdU immunofluorescence was used for estimation of VSMCs proliferation. The levels of antioxidant parameters such as malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH); proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), were estimated. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK) was assessed. RESULTS Compared to PM2.5-treated cells, in addition to reducing PM2.5-induced VSMCs proliferation, Afrocyclamin A reduced the expression of PCNA and p-p38 MAPK, down-regulated the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, VCAM-1, MDA and ET-1, and up-regulated SOD, GSH and NO level. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative effect of Afrocyclamin A was considerably increased following co-incubation of Afrocyclamin A with SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) in comparison with Afrocyclamin A-treated cells. CONCLUSION Based on the results, we can conclude that Afrocyclamin A might reduce PM2.5-induced VSMCs proliferation via reduction of p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Z Hanzhan Xiao
- Department of Emergency Services, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianlie Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, China
| | - Mingjin Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, China
| | - Ping Lv
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ning Dou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bourdrel T, Annesi-Maesano I, Alahmad B, Maesano CN, Bind MA. The impact of outdoor air pollution on COVID-19: a review of evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/159/200242. [PMID: 33568525 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0242-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have pointed out that air pollution may be a contributing factor to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the specific links between air pollution and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection remain unclear. Here we provide evidence from in vitro, animal and human studies from the existing literature. Epidemiological investigations have related various air pollutants to COVID-19 morbidity and mortality at the population level, however, those studies suffer from several limitations. Air pollution may be linked to an increase in COVID-19 severity and lethality through its impact on chronic diseases, such as cardiopulmonary diseases and diabetes. Experimental studies have shown that exposure to air pollution leads to a decreased immune response, thus facilitating viral penetration and replication. Viruses may persist in air through complex interactions with particles and gases depending on: 1) chemical composition; 2) electric charges of particles; and 3) meteorological conditions such as relative humidity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and temperature. In addition, by reducing UV radiation, air pollutants may promote viral persistence in air and reduce vitamin D synthesis. Further epidemiological studies are needed to better estimate the impact of air pollution on COVID-19. In vitro and in vivo studies are also strongly needed, in particular to more precisely explore the particle-virus interaction in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bourdrel
- Memory Resource and Research Center, Geriatrics Dept, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Dept (EPAR), Saint-Antoine Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Barrak Alahmad
- Dept of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cara N Maesano
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Dept (EPAR), Saint-Antoine Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Abèle Bind
- Dept of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Xue T, Zheng Y, Li X, Liu J, Zhang Q, Zhu T. A component-specific exposure-mortality model for ambient PM 2.5 in China: findings from nationwide epidemiology based on outputs from a chemical transport model. Faraday Discuss 2021; 226:551-568. [PMID: 33237089 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to ambient fine particles (PM2.5) has been evidenced to be a leading contributor to premature mortality in China and many other countries. Previous studies assess the health risk using an exposure-response function, such as an exposure-mortality model (EMM) based on total concentration of PM2.5. However, the risk assessment method can be problematic as it ignores the unequal toxicity between the different chemical components of PM2.5. To derive a components-specific EMM (CS-EMM), we conducted a whole-population-based epidemiology study in China, using the Chinese Population Census data in 2000 and 2010. Concentrations of ambient PM2.5 and its components were assessed by satellite-based concentrations of PM2.5 and composition fractions simulated by a chemical transport model. We used a difference-in-difference approach to associate county-level changes of census-based total mortality with changes of PM2.5 and its components between 2010 and 2000. The chemical components of PM2.5 simulated by the model included sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), organic carbon (OC), and black carbon (BC). We further compared CS-EMM with EMM based on a single pollutant of PM2.5 (PM2.5-EMM) or black carbon (BC-EMM), by evaluating their performance in a risk assessment. Using census-based total mortality and cross validation we evaluated the performance of the mortality prediction of an EMM, and found that the CS-EMM outperformed PM2.5-EMM or BC-EMM. For instance, CS-EMM, PM2.5-EMM, and BC-EMM all overestimated the average number of county-level deaths by 117, 142, and 149, respectively; hence CS-EMM overestimated by the lowest amount. Moreover, CS-EMM had the advantage of interpreting the toxicity of PM2.5 mixture in its entirety. From 2000 to 2010, CS-EMM attributed a 205 496 increase in PM2.5-associated mortality across China to the joint contribution of the growth of total concentration and the reduction of PM2.5 toxicity. Among the components, BC contributed 6.4% of PM2.5 concentration growth, but corresponded to a 46.7% increment in PM2.5-associated deaths. This study developed a framework to establish and validate an exposure-response function based on PM2.5 components, and illustrated its advantages in terms of risk prediction and result interpretation in China. Our approach can be utilized to evaluate how chemical composition modified the health impact of PM2.5, and should help policy-makers target the toxic sources of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xue
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Predictive and Preventive Mucosal Communications in Particulate Matter Exposure-Linked Renal Distress. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020118. [PMID: 33670188 PMCID: PMC7916923 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite research into the epidemiological link between exposure to particulate matter (PM) and renal disorder, there is limited information available on the etiological complexity and molecular mechanisms. Among the early responsive tissues to PM exposure, the mucosal barrier of the airway and alimentary tract may be a crucial source of pathologic mediators leading to inflammatory renal diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Given that harmful responses and products in mucosa exposed to PM may enter the circulation and cause adverse outcomes in the kidney, the aim of the present review was to address the impact of PM exposure on the mucosal barrier and the vicious feedback cycle in the mucosal environment. In addition to the PM-induced alteration of mucosal barrier integrity, the microbial community has a pivotal role in the xenobiotic metabolism and individual susceptibility to PM toxicity. The dysbiosis-induced deleterious metabolites of PM and nutrients are introduced systemically via a disrupted mucosal barrier, contributing to renal injuries and pathologic severity. In contrast, the progress of mucosa-associated renal disease is counteracted by endogenous protective responses in the mucosa. Along with direct elimination of the toxic mediators, modulators of the mucosal microbial community should provide a promising platform for mucosa-based personalized interventions against renal disorders caused by air pollution.
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Bourdrel T, Annesi-Maesano I, Alahmad B, Maesano CN, Bind MA. The impact of outdoor air pollution on COVID-19: a review of evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/159/200242. [PMID: 33568525 PMCID: PMC7879496 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0242-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have pointed out that air pollution may be a contributing factor to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the specific links between air pollution and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection remain unclear. Here we provide evidence from in vitro, animal and human studies from the existing literature. Epidemiological investigations have related various air pollutants to COVID-19 morbidity and mortality at the population level, however, those studies suffer from several limitations. Air pollution may be linked to an increase in COVID-19 severity and lethality through its impact on chronic diseases, such as cardiopulmonary diseases and diabetes. Experimental studies have shown that exposure to air pollution leads to a decreased immune response, thus facilitating viral penetration and replication. Viruses may persist in air through complex interactions with particles and gases depending on: 1) chemical composition; 2) electric charges of particles; and 3) meteorological conditions such as relative humidity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and temperature. In addition, by reducing UV radiation, air pollutants may promote viral persistence in air and reduce vitamin D synthesis. Further epidemiological studies are needed to better estimate the impact of air pollution on COVID-19. In vitro and in vivo studies are also strongly needed, in particular to more precisely explore the particle–virus interaction in air. Our review highlights that both short- and long-term exposures to air pollution may be important aggravating factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 severity and lethality through multiple mechanismshttps://bit.ly/395aS9w
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bourdrel
- Memory Resource and Research Center, Geriatrics Dept, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Dept (EPAR), Saint-Antoine Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Barrak Alahmad
- Dept of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cara N Maesano
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Dept (EPAR), Saint-Antoine Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Abèle Bind
- Dept of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Park Y, Oh CU. Association of lead, mercury, and cadmium with metabolic syndrome of young adults in South Korea: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016. Public Health Nurs 2020; 38:232-238. [PMID: 33368607 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the relations between blood lead, mercury, and cadmium levels, affect metabolic syndrome of young adults. STUDY DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS This study is a descriptive study on verifying the relation between blood lead, mercury, cadmium level, and subcategories of metabolic syndrome. A total of 823 respondents' data of 19~29 years were sampled of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016 conducted under the National Health Promotion Law. MEASUREMENT To identify the predictive risk factors of metabolic syndromes, the subcategories of metabolic syndromes and the lead, mercury, and cadmium levels were analyzed using logistic regression. Pearson's correlation was used to identify correlations among the factors. RESULTS An analysis of the correlations among the metabolic syndromes and blood levels of lead, mercury, and cadmium showed significant relationships between blood lead level and systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, waist circumference, and triglyceride level; also between blood mercury level and waist measurement and triglyceride level; and between blood cadmium level and waist circumference and triglyceride level (p < .05). CONCLUSION This study is significant in that it provides basic data on the correlation between metabolic syndromes and heavy metals among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoonJin Park
- Joongbu University, Geumsan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Uk Oh
- Kangwon National University, Samcheok-si, Republic of Korea
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Edwards S, Zhao G, Tran J, Patten KT, Valenzuela A, Wallis C, Bein KJ, Wexler AS, Lein PJ, Rao X. Pathological Cardiopulmonary Evaluation of Rats Chronically Exposed to Traffic-Related Air Pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:127003. [PMID: 33275451 PMCID: PMC7717845 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is made up of complex mixtures of particulate matter, gases and volatile compounds. However, the effects of TRAP on the cardiopulmonary system in most animal studies have been tested using acute exposure to singular pollutants. The cardiopulmonary effects and molecular mechanisms in animals that are chronically exposed to unmodified air pollution as a whole have yet to be studied. Additionally, sex-dependent toxicity of TRAP exposure has rarely been evaluated. OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess the cardiopulmonary effect of chronic exposure to unmodified, real-world TRAP in both female and male rats. METHODS Four-week-old male and female rats were exposed to TRAP or filtered air for 14 months in a novel facility drawing air from a major freeway tunnel system in Northern California. Inflammation and oxidative stress markers were examined in the lung, heart, spleen, and plasma, and TRAP deposits were quantified in the lungs of both male and female rats. RESULTS Elemental analysis showed higher levels of eight elements in the female lungs and one element in the male lungs. Expression of genes related to fibrosis, aging, oxidative stress, and inflammation were higher in the rat hearts exposed to TRAP, with female rats being more susceptible than males. Enhanced collagen accumulation was found only in the TRAP-exposed female hearts. Plasma cytokine secretion was higher in both female and male rats, but inflammatory macrophages were higher only in TRAP-exposed male spleens. DISCUSSION Our results in rats suggest pathological consequences from chronic TRAP exposure, including sex differences indicating females may be more susceptible to TRAP-induced cardiac fibrosis. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7045.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Edwards
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gang Zhao
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Joanne Tran
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- University of Portland, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kelley T. Patten
- Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anthony Valenzuela
- Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christopher Wallis
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Keith J. Bein
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anthony S. Wexler
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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Accumulated ambient air pollution and colon cancer incidence in Thailand. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17765. [PMID: 33082474 PMCID: PMC7575563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This research examined the relationship between colon cancer risks and pollution in various areas of Thailand, using satellites to gather quantities of aerosols in the atmosphere. Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal model and the Poisson log-linear model were used to examine the incidence rates of colon cancer standardized by national references; from the database of the National Health Security Office, Ministry of Public Health of Thailand and NASA's database from aerosol diagnostics model. Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) was used to explore disease-gender-specific spatio-temporal patterns of colon cancer incidences and accumulated air pollution-related cancers in Thailand between 2010 and 2016. A total of 59,605 patients were selected for the study. Due to concerns regarding statistical reliability between aerosol diagnostics model and colon cancer incidences, the posterior probabilities of risk appeared the most in dust PM2.5. It could be interpreted as relative risk in every increase of 10 μg/m3 in black carbon, organic carbon, and dust-PM2.5 levels were associated respectively with an increase of 4%, 4%, and 15% in the risks of colon cancer. A significant increase in the incidence of colon cancer with accumulated ambient air quality raised concerns regarding the prevention of air pollution. This study utilized data based on the incidences of colon cancer; the country's database and linked cancer data to pollution. According to the database from NASA's technology, this research has never been conducted in Thailand.
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Quantification of Atmospheric Ammonia Concentrations: A Review of Its Measurement and Modeling. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3), the most prevalent alkaline gas in the atmosphere, plays a significant role in PM2.5 formation, atmospheric chemistry, and new particle formation. This paper reviews quantification of [NH3] through measurements, satellite-remote-sensing, and modeling reported in over 500 publications towards synthesizing the current knowledge of [NH3], focusing on spatiotemporal variations, controlling processes, and quantification issues. Most measurements are through regional passive sampler networks. [NH3] hotspots are typically over agricultural regions, such as the Midwest US and the North China Plain, with elevated concentrations reaching monthly averages of 20 and 74 ppbv, respectively. Topographical effects dramatically increase [NH3] over the Indo-Gangetic Plains, North India and San Joaquin Valley, US. Measurements are sparse over oceans, where [NH3] ≈ a few tens of pptv, variations of which can affect aerosol formation. Satellite remote-sensing (AIRS, CrIS, IASI, TANSO-FTS, TES) provides global [NH3] quantification in the column and at the surface since 2002. Modeling is crucial for improving understanding of NH3 chemistry and transport, its spatiotemporal variations, source apportionment, exploring physicochemical mechanisms, and predicting future scenarios. GEOS-Chem (global) and FRAME (UK) models are commonly applied for this. A synergistic approach of measurements↔satellite-inference↔modeling is needed towards improved understanding of atmospheric ammonia, which is of concern from the standpoint of human health and the ecosystem.
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Wang F, Liu J, Zeng H. Interactions of particulate matter and pulmonary surfactant: Implications for human health. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 284:102244. [PMID: 32871405 PMCID: PMC7435289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM), which is the primary contributor to air pollution, has become a pervasive global health threat. When PM enters into a respiratory tract, the first body tissues to be directly exposed are the cells of respiratory tissues and pulmonary surfactant. Pulmonary surfactant is a pivotal component to modulate surface tension of alveoli during respiration. Many studies have proved that PM would interact with pulmonary surfactant to affect the alveolar activity, and meanwhile, pulmonary surfactant would be adsorbed to the surface of PM to change the toxic effect of PM. This review focuses on recent studies of the interactions between micro/nanoparticles (synthesized and environmental particles) and pulmonary surfactant (natural surfactant and its models), as well as the health effects caused by PM through a few significant aspects, such as surface properties of PM, including size, surface charge, hydrophobicity, shape, chemical nature, etc. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that PM leads to oxidative stress, inflammatory response, fibrosis, and cancerization in living bodies. By providing a comprehensive picture of PM-surfactant interaction, this review will benefit both researchers for further studies and policy-makers for setting up more appropriate regulations to reduce the adverse effects of PM on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, China,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Jifang Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, China.
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
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42
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Guan T, Xue T, Wang X, Zheng Y, Guo J, Kang Y, Chen Z, Zhang L, Zheng C, Jiang L, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Gao R. Geographic variations in the blood pressure responses to short-term fine particulate matter exposure in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137842. [PMID: 32197160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Results from recent studies on associations between blood pressure (BP) and short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have been inconsistent. Most studies have been evaluations of small geographic areas, with no national study in China. This study aimed to examine the acute BP responses to ambient PM2.5 among the general population of Chinese adults. During 2012-2015, systolic and diastolic BP levels were obtained from a large national representative sample, the China Hypertension Survey database (n = 479,842). Daily PM2.5 average exposures with a spatial resolution of 0.1° were estimated using a data assimilation that combines satellite measurements, air model simulations, and monitoring values. Overall, a 10-μg/m3 increase in daily PM2.5 was associated with a 0.035 (95% confidence interval: 0.020, 0.049) mmHg change in systolic BP and 0.001 (-0.008, 0.011) mmHg in diastolic BP after adjustments. Stratified by geographic regions, the systolic and diastolic BP levels varied from -0.050 (-0.109, 0.010) to 0.242 (0.176, 0.307) mmHg, and from -0.026 (-0.053, 0.001) to 0.051 (0.020, 0.082) mmHg, respectively. Statistically significant positive BP-PM2.5 associations were only found in South and North China for systolic levels and in Southwest China for diastolic levels. We further explored the regional study population characteristics and exposure-response curves, and found that the geographic variations in BP-PM2.5 associations were probably due to different population compositions or different PM2.5 exposure levels. Our study provided national-level evidence on the associations between ambient PM2.5 exposure and elevated BP levels. The magnitude of the estimated associations varied substantially by geographic location in China. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Clinical trial registration name was Survey on prevalence of hypertension in China; the registration number was ChiCTR-ECS-14004641. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=4932.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjia Guan
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Tao Xue
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Yixuan Zheng
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Cardiology and Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yuting Kang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Zuo Chen
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Congyi Zheng
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China.
| | - Ying Yang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zengwu Wang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China.
| | - Runlin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China.
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Roper C, Perez A, Barrett D, Hystad P, Massey Simonich SL, Tanguay RL. Workflow for Comparison of Chemical and Biological Metrics of Filter Collected PM 2.5. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2020; 226:117379. [PMID: 32313426 PMCID: PMC7170255 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There is limited understanding of adverse health effect associations with chemical constituents of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as well as the underlying mechanisms. We outlined a workflow to assess metrics, beyond concentration, using household and personal PM2.5 filter samples collected in India as a proof of concept for future large-scale studies. Oxidative potential, chemical composition (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and elements), and bioactivity (developmental exposures in zebrafish) were determined. Significant differences were observed in all metrics between personal and household PM2.5 samples. This work established methods to characterize multiple metrics of PM2.5 to ultimately support the identification of more health-relevant metrics than concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Roper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
| | - Allison Perez
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
| | - Damien Barrett
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Perry Hystad
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Staci L. Massey Simonich
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Robyn L. Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
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44
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Feldhaar H, Otti O. Pollutants and Their Interaction with Diseases of Social Hymenoptera. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11030153. [PMID: 32121502 PMCID: PMC7142568 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Many insect species, including social insects, are currently declining in abundance and diversity. Pollutants such as pesticides, heavy metals, or airborne fine particulate matter from agricultural and industrial sources are among the factors driving this decline. While these pollutants can have direct detrimental effects, they can also result in negative interactive effects when social insects are simultaneously exposed to multiple stressors. For example, sublethal effects of pollutants can increase the disease susceptibility of social insects, and thereby jeopardize their survival. Here we review how pesticides, heavy metals, or airborne fine particulate matter interact with social insect physiology and especially the insects’ immune system. We then give an overview of the current knowledge of the interactive effects of these pollutants with pathogens or parasites. While the effects of pesticide exposure on social insects and their interactions with pathogens have been relatively well studied, the effects of other pollutants, such as heavy metals in soil or fine particulate matter from combustion, vehicular transport, agriculture, and coal mining are still largely unknown. We therefore provide an overview of urgently needed knowledge in order to mitigate the decline of social insects.
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Divergent trends in life expectancy across the rural-urban gradient and association with specific racial proportions in the contiguous USA 2000-2005. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:1367-1374. [PMID: 31273406 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate county-level adult life expectancy for Whites, Black/African Americans (Black), American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) and Asian/Pacific Islander (Asian) populations and assess the difference across racial groups in the relationship among life expectancy, rurality and specific race proportion. METHODS We used individual-level death data to estimate county-level life expectancy at age 25 (e25) for Whites, Black, AIAN and Asian in the contiguous USA for 2000-2005. Race-sex-stratified models were used to examine the associations among e25, rurality and specific race proportion, adjusted for socioeconomic variables. RESULTS Lower e25 was found in the central USA for AIANs and in the west coast for Asians. We found higher e25 in the most rural areas for Whites but in the most urban areas for AIAN and Asians. The associations between specific race proportion and e25 were positive or null for Whites but were negative for Blacks, AIAN, and Asians. The relationship between specific race proportion and e25 varied across rurality. CONCLUSIONS Identifying differences in adult life expectancy, both across and within racial groups, provides new insights into the geographic determinants of life expectancy disparities.
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Paralovo SL, Barbosa CGG, Carneiro IPS, Kurzlop P, Borillo GC, Schiochet MFC, Godoi AFL, Yamamoto CI, de Souza RAF, Andreoli RV, Ribeiro IO, Manzi AO, Kourtchev I, Bustillos JOV, Martin ST, Godoi RHM. Observations of particulate matter, NO 2, SO 2, O 3, H 2S and selected VOCs at a semi-urban environment in the Amazon region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:996-1006. [PMID: 30308874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to assess air quality in a transitional location between city and forest in the Amazon region. Located downwind of the Manaus metropolitan region, this study is part of the large-scale experiment GoAmazon2014/5. Based on their pollutant potential, inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and meta-, orto-, para-xylene (BTEX) were selected for analysis. Sampling took place during the wet season (March-April 2014) and dry season (August-October 2014). The number of forest fires in the surroundings was higher during the dry wet season. Results show significant increase during the dry season in mass concentration (wet: <0.01-10 μg m-3; dry: 9.8-69 μg m-3), NH4+ soluble content (wet: 13-125 μg m-3; dry: 86-323 μg m-3) and K+ soluble content (wet: 11-168 μg m-3; dry 60-356 μg m-3) of the PM2.5, and O3 levels (wet: 1.4-14 μg m-3; dry: 1.0-40 μg m-3), indicating influence of biomass burning emissions. BTEX concentrations were low in both periods, but also increased during the dry season. A weak correlation in the time series of the organic and inorganic gaseous pollutants indicates a combination of different sources in both seasons and NO2 results suggest a spatial heterogeneity in gaseous pollutants levels beyond initial expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Paralovo
- Federal University of Paraná, Environmental Engineering Department, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cybelli G G Barbosa
- Federal University of Paraná, Environmental Engineering Department, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Isabela P S Carneiro
- Federal University of Paraná, Environmental Engineering Department, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Priscila Kurzlop
- Federal University of Paraná, Environmental Engineering Department, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Guilherme C Borillo
- Federal University of Paraná, Environmental Engineering Department, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Flavia L Godoi
- Federal University of Paraná, Environmental Engineering Department, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carlos I Yamamoto
- Federal University of Paraná, Environmental Engineering Department, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Rita V Andreoli
- State University of Amazonas, Meteorology Department, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Igor O Ribeiro
- State University of Amazonas, Meteorology Department, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Ivan Kourtchev
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Scot T Martin
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences & Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo H M Godoi
- Federal University of Paraná, Environmental Engineering Department, Curitiba, Brazil.
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Abstract
In this short critical perspective, we outline the serious problems caused by air pollution in Europe. Using two types of metrics, level assessment and trend assessment, we quantify the contribution of ammonia, NOx , SOx , non-methane volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter in terms of years of life lost per capita and explain the connection between the various pollutants and their effects on human health and the environment. This is done on the basis of data collected by individual European Union (EU) member states as well as by the EU as a whole. We examine general emission trends as well as sector-specific emissions and discuss the effectiveness of current legislation in reducing health risks and environmental damage. By combining these results with a cost-benefit analysis, we show that a further reduction in NOx emissions is the most urgent and potentially the most beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric D. Koolen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gadi Rothenberg
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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48
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Xue T, Zhu T. Increment of ambient exposure to fine particles and the reduced human fertility rate in China, 2000-2010. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:497-504. [PMID: 29908508 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and toxicological studies suggest that exposure to ambient fine particles (PM2.5) can reduce human reproductive capacity. We previously reported, based on spatial epidemiology, that higher levels of PM2.5 exposure were associated with a lower fertility rate (FR) in China. However, that study was limited by a lack of temporal variation. Using first-difference regression, we linked temporal changes in FR and PM2.5 with adjustment for ecological covariates across 2806 counties in China during 2000-2010. Next, we performed a sensitivity analysis of the variation in the PM2.5-FR association according to (1) geographic region, (2) indicators of the level of development, and (3) PM2.5 concentrations. Also, we quantified the reduction in the FR attributable to ambient PM2.5 in China for the first time. The FR decreased by 3.3% (1.2%, 5.3%) for each 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5. The association varied significantly among the geographic regions, but not with the level of development. Nonlinearity analysis suggested a linear exposure-response function with an effect threshold of ~8 μg/m3. We also found that comparing to the 2000 scenario, increment of PM2.5 in 2010 might result in a reduction of 2.50 (2.44, 2.60) infants per 1000 women aged 15-44 years per year in China. Our results confirm the statistical association between ambient particles and FR and suggest that poor air quality may contribute to childlessness in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xue
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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49
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Impact of Meteorological Conditions on PM2.5 Pollution in China during Winter. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) poses a risk to human health. In January 2017, the PM2.5 pollution in China was severe, and the average PM2.5 concentration had increased by 14.7% compared to that in January 2016. Meteorological conditions greatly influence PM2.5 pollution. The relationship between PM2.5 and meteorological factors was assessed using monitoring data and the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ) was used to quantitatively evaluate the impacts of variations of meteorological conditions on PM2.5 pollution. The results indicate that variations of meteorological conditions between January 2017 and January 2016 caused an increase of 13.6% in the national mean concentration of PM2.5. Unlike the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), where meteorological conditions were favorable, unfavorable meteorological conditions (such as low wind speed, high humidity, low boundary layer height and low rainfall) contributed to PM2.5 concentration worsening by 29.7%, 42.6% and 7.9% in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (JJJ) region, the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region and the Chengdu-Chongqing (CYB) region, respectively. Given the significant influence of local meteorology on PM2.5 concentration, more emphasis should be placed on employing meteorological means to improve local air quality.
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50
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Zhang W, Lin S, Hopke PK, Thurston SW, van Wijngaarden E, Croft D, Squizzato S, Masiol M, Rich DQ. Triggering of cardiovascular hospital admissions by fine particle concentrations in New York state: Before, during, and after implementation of multiple environmental policies and a recession. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1404-1416. [PMID: 30142556 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported triggering of acute cardiovascular events by short-term increasedPM2.5 concentrations. From 2007 to 2013, national and New York state air quality policies and economic influences resulted in reduced concentrations of PM2.5 and other pollutants across the state. We estimated the rate of cardiovascular hospital admissions associated with increased PM2.5 concentrations in the previous 1-7 days, and evaluated whether they differed before (2005-2007), during (2008-2013), and after these concentration changes (2014-2016). METHODS Using the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database, we retained all hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of nine cardiovascular disease (CVD) subtypes, for residents living within 15 miles of PM2.5 monitoring sites in Buffalo, Rochester, Albany, Queens, Bronx, and Manhattan from 2005 to 2016 (N = 1,922,918). We used a case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression to estimate the admission rate for total CVD, and nine specific subtypes, associated with increased PM2.5 concentrations. RESULTS Interquartile range (IQR) increases in PM2.5 on the same and previous 6 days were associated with 0.6%-1.2% increases in CVD admission rate (2005-2016). There were similar patterns for cardiac arrhythmia, ischemic stroke, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and myocardial infarction (MI). Ambient PM2.5 concentrations and annual total CVD admission rates decreased across the period. However, the excess rate of IHD admissions associated with each IQR increase in PM2.5 in previous 2 days was larger in the after period (2.8%; 95%CI = 1.5%-4.0%) than in the during (0.6%; 95%CI = 0.0%-1.2%) or before periods (0.8%; 95%CI = 0.2%-1.3%), with similar patterns for total CVD and MI, but not other subtypes. CONCLUSIONS While pollutant concentrations and CVD admission rates decreased after emission changes, the same PM2.5 mass was associated with a higher rate of ischemic heart disease events. Future work should confirm these findings in another population, and investigate whether specific PM components and/or sources trigger IHD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjian Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Sally W Thurston
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Croft
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stefania Squizzato
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mauro Masiol
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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