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Abbara A, Phylactou M, Eng PC, Clarke SA, Pham TD, Ho TM, Ng KY, Mills EG, Purugganan K, Hunjan T, Salim R, Comninos AN, Vuong LN, Dhillo WS. Endocrine Responses to Triptorelin in Healthy Women, Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Women With Hypothalamic Amenorrhea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1666-1675. [PMID: 36653328 PMCID: PMC10271229 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Limited data exist regarding whether the endocrine response to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonist (GnRHa) triptorelin differs in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with healthy women or those with hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA). OBJECTIVE We compared the gonadotropin response to triptorelin in healthy women, women with PCOS, or those with HA without ovarian stimulation, and in women with or without polycystic ovaries undergoing oocyte donation cycles after ovarian stimulation. METHODS The change in serum gonadotropin levels was determined in (1) a prospective single-blinded placebo-controlled study to determine the endocrine profile of triptorelin (0.2 mg) or saline-placebo in healthy women, women with PCOS, and those with HA, without ovarian stimulation; and (2) a retrospective analysis from a dose-finding randomized controlled trial of triptorelin (0.2-0.4 mg) in oocyte donation cycles after ovarian stimulation. RESULTS In Study 1, triptorelin induced an increase in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) of similar amplitude in all women (mean peak LH: healthy, 52.3; PCOS, 46.2; HA, 41.3 IU/L). The AUC of change in serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was attenuated in women with PCOS compared with healthy women and women with HA (median AUC of change in serum FSH: PCOS, 127.2; healthy, 253.8; HA, 326.7 IU.h/L; P = 0.0005). In Study 2, FSH levels 4 hours after triptorelin were reduced in women with at least one polycystic morphology ovary (n = 60) vs normal morphology ovaries (n = 91) (34.0 vs 42.3 IU/L; P = 0.0003). Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) was negatively associated with the increase in FSH after triptorelin, both with and without ovarian stimulation. CONCLUSION FSH response to triptorelin was attenuated in women with polycystic ovaries, both with and without ovarian stimulation, and was negatively related to AMH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Maria Phylactou
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pei Chia Eng
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sophie A Clarke
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Toan D Pham
- HOPE Research Centre, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tuong M Ho
- HOPE Research Centre, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Kah Yan Ng
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Edouard G Mills
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kate Purugganan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Tia Hunjan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Rehan Salim
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lan N Vuong
- HOPE Research Centre, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
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de Macedo LCGM, Cavagna M, Dzik A, Rocha ADR, Lima SMRR. Cryopreservation as a strategy for prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a public assisted reproduction service in São Paulo - Brazil. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:164-168. [PMID: 36629658 PMCID: PMC9937622 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20221198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and associated risk factors in patients undergoing fertilization cycles at risk of OHSS (≥15 antral follicles or ≥15 oocytes aspirated) and submitted to cryopreservation of all embryos in the Human Reproduction Service of the Pérola Byington Hospital (Referral Center for Women's Health) in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. METHODS This cross-sectional, institutional, descriptive study of secondary data from patients' charts enrolled in the Assisted Reproduction Service of the Pérola Byington Hospital at risk of OHSS after controlled ovarian stimulation and submitted to cryopreservation of all embryos was conducted between January 2015 and September 2017. RESULTS OHSS occurred in 47.5% of cycles, all with mild severity, and there were no moderate or severe cases of OHSS. CONCLUSION The cryopreservation of all embryos is associated with a reduction in moderate and severe forms of OHSS. Risk factors for OHSS should be evaluated prior to initiation of treatment, with less intense stimulation protocols accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luma Caroline Gomes Mattos de Macedo
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia – São Paulo (SP), Brazil.,Corresponding author:
| | - Mario Cavagna
- Hospital Perola Byington, Centro de Referência em Saúde da Mulher, Reprodução Humana – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Artur Dzik
- Hospital Perola Byington, Centro de Referência em Saúde da Mulher, Reprodução Humana – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Andressa do Rosário Rocha
- Hospital Perola Byington, Centro de Referência em Saúde da Mulher, Reprodução Humana – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Sônia Maria Rolim Rosa Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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Kisspeptin Modulation of Reproductive Function. ENDOCRINES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines3030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin is a peptide expressed mainly in the infundibular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Kisspeptin plays a crucial role in the regulation of reproductive functions. It is regarded as the most important factor responsible for the control of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, the onset of puberty, and the regulation of menstruation and fertility. Kisspeptin activity influences numerous processes such as steroidogenesis, follicular maturation, ovulation, and ovarian senescence. The identification of kisspeptin receptor mutations that cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism has initiated studies on the role of kisspeptin in puberty. Pathologies affecting the neurons secreting kisspeptin play a major role in the development of PCOS, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and perimenopausal vasomotor symptoms. Kisspeptin analogs (both agonists and antagonists), therefore, may be beneficial as therapy in those afflicted with such pathologies. The aim of this review is to summarize the influence of kisspeptin in the physiology and pathology of the reproductive system in humans, as well as its potential use in therapy.
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Levi-Setti PE, Di Segni N, Gargasole C, Ronchetti C, Cirillo F. Ovarian Hyperstimulation: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management. Semin Reprod Med 2021; 39:170-179. [PMID: 34644798 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a severe complication of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). Pathogenesis of the disease is based on massive transudation of protein-rich fluid from the vascular compartment into the peritoneal, pleural and pericardial spaces, with a variable picture of clinical manifestations depending on its severity. Nowadays OHSS can easily be avoided by several prevention methods, ranging from identification of high-risk patients, choice of a correct protocol stimulation, trigger with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists or, finally, the freeze-all strategy. When OHSS occurs, it can usually be managed as outpatient care. Only if severe/critical cases are diagnosed hospitalization is necessary for appropriate rehydration, monitoring of fluid balance and eventual drainage of ascitic fluid. One of the most dangerous complications of OHSS is venous thromboembolism (VTE). Thromboprophylaxis has shown to be cost effective and widely used, while there are controversies regarding the usage of low dose aspirin (LDA) as a preventive measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Emanuele Levi-Setti
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Gynecology, Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Fertility Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Noemi Di Segni
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Gynecology, Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Fertility Center, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Gargasole
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Gynecology, Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Fertility Center, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Ronchetti
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Gynecology, Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Fertility Center, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Cirillo
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Gynecology, Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Fertility Center, Milan, Italy
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Szeliga A, Podfigurna A, Bala G, Meczekalski B. Kisspeptin and neurokinin B analogs use in gynecological endocrinology: where do we stand? J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:555-561. [PMID: 31838714 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have found that kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin neurons (KNDy neurons) in the infundibular nucleus play a crucial role in the reproductive axis. Analogs, both agonists and antagonists, of kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) are particularly important in explaining the physiological role of KNDy in the reproductive axis in animals. The use of kisspeptin and NKB analogs has helped elucidate the regulators of the hypothalamic reproductive axis. PURPOSE This review describes therapeutic uses of Kiss-1 and NKB agonists, most obviously the use of kisspeptin agonists in the treatment for infertility and the induction of ovulation. Kisspeptin antagonists may have potential clinical applications in patients suffering from diseases associated with enhanced LH pulse frequency, such as polycystic ovary syndrome or menopause. The inhibition of pubertal development using Kiss antagonists may be used as a therapeutic option in precocious puberty. Kisspeptin antagonists have been found capable of inhibiting ovulation and have been proposed as novel contraceptives. Hypothalamic amenorrhea and delayed puberty are conditions in which normalization of LH secretion may potentially be achieved by treatment with both kisspeptin and NKB agonists. NKB antagonists are used to treat vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women, providing rapid relief of symptoms while supplanting the need for exogenous estrogen exposure. CONCLUSIONS There is a wide spectrum of therapeutic uses of Kiss-1 and NKB agonists, including the management of infertility, treatment for PCOS, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea or postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms, as well as contraceptive issues. Nevertheless, further research is needed before kisspeptin and NKB analogs are fully incorporated in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Szeliga
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Podfigurna
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535, Poznan, Poland
| | - G Bala
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535, Poznan, Poland
| | - B Meczekalski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535, Poznan, Poland.
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Abbara A, Hunjan T, Ho VNA, Clarke SA, Comninos AN, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Ho TM, Trew GH, Hramyka A, Kelsey T, Salim R, Humaidan P, Vuong LN, Dhillo WS. Endocrine Requirements for Oocyte Maturation Following hCG, GnRH Agonist, and Kisspeptin During IVF Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:537205. [PMID: 33123084 PMCID: PMC7573298 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.537205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The maturation of oocytes to acquire competence for fertilization is critical to the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. It requires LH-like exposure, provided by either human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), or gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa). More recently, the hypothalamic stimulator, kisspeptin, was used to mature oocytes. Herein, we examine the relationship between the endocrine changes following these agents and oocyte maturation. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Prospectively collected hormonal data from 499 research IVF cycles triggered with either hCG, GnRHa, or kisspeptin were evaluated. RESULTS HCG-levels (121 iU/L) peaked at 24 h following hCG, whereas LH-levels peaked at ~4 h following GnRHa (140 iU/L), or kisspeptin (41 iU/L). HCG-levels were negatively associated with body-weight, whereas LH rises following GnRHa and kisspeptin were positively predicted by pre-trigger LH values. The odds of achieving the median mature oocyte yield for each trigger were increased by hCG/LH level. Progesterone rise during oocyte maturation occurred precipitously following each trigger and strongly predicted the number of mature oocytes retrieved. Progesterone rise was positively associated with the hCG-level following hCG trigger, but negatively with LH rise following all three triggers. The rise in progesterone per mature oocyte at 12 h was greater following GnRHa than following hCG or kisspeptin triggers. CONCLUSION The endocrine response during oocyte maturation significantly differed by each trigger. Counter-intuitively, progesterone rise during oocyte maturation was negatively associated with LH rise, even when accounting for the number of mature oocytes retrieved. These data expand our understanding of the endocrine changes during oocyte maturation and inform the design of future precision-triggering protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tia Hunjan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vu N. A. Ho
- IVFMD, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sophie A. Clarke
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N. Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tuong M. Ho
- IVFMD, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Geoffrey H. Trew
- In vitro Fertilization Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Artsiom Hramyka
- School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Kelsey
- School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Rehan Salim
- In vitro Fertilization Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Humaidan
- The Fertility Clinic, Skive Regional Hospital and Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lan N. Vuong
- IVFMD, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Waljit S. Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Waljit S. Dhillo,
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Volodarsky-Perel A, Cai E, Tulandi T, Son WY, Suarthana E, Buckett W. Influence of stage and grade of breast cancer on fertility preservation outcome in reproductive-aged women. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 40:215-222. [PMID: 31953011 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Does breast cancer spread and aggressiveness affect fertility-preservation results? DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of women with breast cancer undergoing fertility-preservation treatment. INCLUSION CRITERIA age 18-38 years and use of gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonist protocol; exclusion criteria: recurrent cancer, previous oncological treatment, previous ovarian surgery and known ovarian pathology. Stimulation cycle outcomes of women with low-stage breast cancer were compared with those with high-stage disease. Patients with low-grade (G1-2) were compared with those with high-grade (G3) malignancies. PRIMARY OUTCOME total number of mature oocytes; secondary outcomes: oestradiol level and number of follicles wider than 14 mm on the day of trigger, number of retrieved oocytes and cryopreserved embryos. RESULTS The final analysis included 155 patients. Patients with high-grade tumours (n = 80; age 32 years [28-35]) had significantly lower number of mature oocytes compared with patients with low-grade cancer (n = 75; age 32 years [28-35]; seven mature oocytes [4-10] versus 13 mature oocytes [7-17]; P = 0.0002). The number of cryopreserved embryos was also lower in the high-grade group (three [2-5] versus five [3-9]; P = 0.02). Stage-based analysis revealed a similar number of mature oocytes in high-stage (n = 73; age 32 years [28-35]) compared with low-stage group (n = 82; age 33 years [28-35]; eight mature oocytes [4-13] versus nine mature oocytes [7-15]; P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS High-grade breast cancer has a negative effect on total number of mature oocytes and cryopreserved embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Volodarsky-Perel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, 888 Boul de Maisonneuve E #200, QC, Montréal H2L 4S8.
| | - Emmy Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, 888 Boul de Maisonneuve E #200, QC, Montréal H2L 4S8
| | - Togas Tulandi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, 888 Boul de Maisonneuve E #200, QC, Montréal H2L 4S8
| | - Weon-Young Son
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, 888 Boul de Maisonneuve E #200, QC, Montréal H2L 4S8
| | - Eva Suarthana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, 888 Boul de Maisonneuve E #200, QC, Montréal H2L 4S8
| | - William Buckett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, 888 Boul de Maisonneuve E #200, QC, Montréal H2L 4S8
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Amelkina O, Tanyapanyachon P, Thongphakdee A, Chatdarong K. Identification of feline Kiss1 and distribution of immunoreactive kisspeptin in the hypothalamus of the domestic cat. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:335-343. [PMID: 31142694 PMCID: PMC6708855 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the Kiss1 gene has been reported in a number of vertebrate species, and a substantial dataset has been acquired to demonstrate the critical role of
kisspeptins in the reproductive system; yet limited information is available for carnivores. In the present study, we identified and characterized feline Kiss1 by isolating
and cloning its full-length cDNA in the domestic cat hypothalamus and caracal testis, using the method of rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Additionally, we isolated and cloned the 3′ end of
Kiss1 cDNA, containing kisspeptin-10 (Kp10), from the ovaries of a clouded leopard and Siberian tiger. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that domestic cat
Kiss1 cDNA is of 711 base pairs and caracal Kiss1 cDNA is of 792 base pairs, both having an open reading frame of 450 base pairs, encoding a precursor
protein Kiss1 of 149 amino acids. The core sequence of the feline kisspeptin Kp10 was found to be identical in all species analyzed here and is highly conserved in other
vertebrate species. Using an anti-Kp10 antibody, we found the immunoreactive kisspeptin to be localized in the periventricular and infundibular nuclei of the cat hypothalamus. The results
show that kisspeptin is highly conserved among different feline families, and its immunoreactive distribution in the hypothalamus may indicate its physiological function in the domestic
cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Amelkina
- Research Unit of Obstetrics and Reproduction in Animals, Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Prattana Tanyapanyachon
- Research Unit of Obstetrics and Reproduction in Animals, Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ampika Thongphakdee
- Wildlife Reproductive Innovation Center, Bureau of Conservation and Research, Zoological Park Organization under the Royal Patronage of H.M. the King, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kaywalee Chatdarong
- Research Unit of Obstetrics and Reproduction in Animals, Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Abstract
Medications to stimulate the ovaries may be used to induce ovulation in patients with anovulatory infertility or to hyperstimulate the ovaries in a controlled fashion in ovulatory patients as part of assisted reproductive treatments (ART). The pharmacology of all current major medications used to stimulate ovarian function is reviewed in this article, including letrozole, clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, and pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Novel potential compounds and adjuvant treatment approaches are also discussed, such as kisspeptin agonists and androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Quaas
- University Hospital, University of Basel, Clinic for Reproductive Medicine and Gynecologic Endocrinology, Basel, Switzerland; Reproductive Partners San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Richard S Legro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Santos-Ribeiro S, Mackens S, Racca A, Blockeel C. Towards complication-free assisted reproduction technology. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 33:9-19. [PMID: 30473208 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has vastly improved over the last 40 years, from a frequently unsuccessful and complicated procedure requiring hospital admission and routine laparoscopy to a fairly simple outpatient technique with relatively high success rates. However, it is important to stress that ART is not without risk and medical complications may still occur. The incidence of most of these ART-related complications is associated with how women undergo ovarian stimulation. For this reason, physicians should be aware that a carefully thought-out ovarian stimulation protocol and cycle monitoring are of paramount importance to maximise the success of the treatment while avoiding potentially life-threating complications to occur in this frequently otherwise healthy patient population. This review discusses the rationale and evolution of ovarian stimulation strategies over the years and the current developments towards finding a balance between the retrieval of a sufficient number of oocytes and ART-related complication prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shari Mackens
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels 1090, Belgium.
| | - Annalisa Racca
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels 1090, Belgium; Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy.
| | - Christophe Blockeel
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels 1090, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
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Roque M, Nuto Nóbrega B, Valle M, Sampaio M, Geber S, Haahr T, Humaidan P, Esteves SC. Freeze-all strategy in IVF/ICSI cycles: an update on clinical utility. Panminerva Med 2019; 61:52-57. [DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.18.03492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fischer R, Nakano FY, Roque M, Bento FC, Baukloh V, Esteves SC. A quality management approach to controlled ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology: the "Fischer protocol". Panminerva Med 2019; 61:11-23. [DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.18.03549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cavagna F, Pontes A, Cavagna M, Dzik A, Donadio NF, Portela R, Nagai MT, Gebrim LH. Specific protocols of controlled ovarian stimulation for oocyte cryopreservation in breast cancer patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:e527-e532. [PMID: 30607119 DOI: 10.3747/co.25.3889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Fertility preservation is an important concern in breast cancer patients. In the present investigation, we set out to create a specific protocol of controlled ovarian stimulation (cos) for oocyte cryopreservation in breast cancer patients. Methods From November 2014 to December 2016, 109 patients were studied. The patients were assigned to a specific random-start ovarian stimulation protocol for oocyte cryopreservation. The endpoints were the numbers of oocytes retrieved and of mature oocytes cryopreserved, the total number of days of ovarian stimulation, the total dose of gonadotropin administered, and the estradiol level on the day of the trigger. Results Mean age in this cohort was 31.27 ± 4.23 years. The average duration of cos was 10.0 ± 1.39 days. The mean number of oocytes collected was 11.62 ± 7.96 and the mean number of vitrified oocytes was 9.60 ± 6.87. The mean estradiol concentration on triggering day was 706.30 ± 450.48 pg/mL, and the mean dose of gonadotropins administered was 2610.00 ± 716.51 IU. When comparing outcomes by phase of the cycle in which cos was commenced, we observed no significant differences in the numbers of oocytes collected and vitrified, the length of ovarian stimulation, and the estradiol level on trigger day. The total dose of follicle-stimulating hormone and human menopausal gonadotropin administered was statistically greater in the group starting cos in the luteal phase than in the group starting in the late follicular phase. Conclusions Our results suggest that using a specific protocol with random-start ovarian stimulation for oocyte cryopreservation in breast cancer patients is effective and could be offered to young women undergoing oncologic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cavagna
- Women's Health Reference Center, Hospital Perola Byington, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Pontes
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, University of the State of Sao Paulo, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - M Cavagna
- Women's Health Reference Center, Hospital Perola Byington, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Dzik
- Women's Health Reference Center, Hospital Perola Byington, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - N F Donadio
- Women's Health Reference Center, Hospital Perola Byington, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Portela
- Women's Health Reference Center, Hospital Perola Byington, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M T Nagai
- Women's Health Reference Center, Hospital Perola Byington, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - L H Gebrim
- Women's Health Reference Center, Hospital Perola Byington, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Abbara A, Clarke SA, Dhillo WS. Novel Concepts for Inducing Final Oocyte Maturation in In Vitro Fertilization Treatment. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:593-628. [PMID: 29982525 PMCID: PMC6173475 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Infertility affects one in six of the population and increasingly couples require treatment with assisted reproductive techniques. In vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment is most commonly conducted using exogenous FSH to induce follicular growth and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce final oocyte maturation. However, hCG may cause the potentially life-threatening iatrogenic complication "ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome" (OHSS), which can cause considerable morbidity and, rarely, even mortality in otherwise healthy women. The use of GnRH agonists (GnRHas) has been pioneered during the last two decades to provide a safer option to induce final oocyte maturation. More recently, the neuropeptide kisspeptin, a hypothalamic regulator of GnRH release, has been investigated as a novel inductor of oocyte maturation. The hormonal stimulus used to induce oocyte maturation has a major impact on the success (retrieval of oocytes and chance of implantation) and safety (risk of OHSS) of IVF treatment. This review aims to appraise experimental and clinical data of hormonal approaches used to induce final oocyte maturation by hCG, GnRHa, both GnRHa and hCG administered in combination, recombinant LH, or kisspeptin. We also examine evidence for the timing of administration of the inductor of final oocyte maturation in relationship to parameters of follicular growth and the subsequent interval to oocyte retrieval. In summary, we review data on the efficacy and safety of the major hormonal approaches used to induce final oocyte maturation in clinical practice, as well as some novel approaches that may offer fresh alternatives in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbara
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie A Clarke
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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A specific controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocol for fertility preservation in women with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2017; 21:290-294. [PMID: 29416435 PMCID: PMC5799704 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2017.72395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study The authors present a novel and specific controlled ovarian stimulation protocol for fertility preservation in women with estrogen-positive receptor breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The protocol foresees random start ovarian stimulation and the use of letrozole associated to tamoxifen. Material and methods Forty breast cancer patients were included in the study. COS was performed either with recombinant FSH or hMG. Concomitantly with COS, letrozole in a dose of 5 mg and tamoxifen in a dose of 20 mg were given orally on a daily basis. The trigger was performed with 0.2 mg of triptorelin, in the presence of follicles ≥ 19 mm. Oocyte retrieval was scheduled 35-36 hours after triptorelin injection. Our main outcome measures were the number of oocytes collected and number of oocytes vitrified, the length of ovarian stimulation, total dose of gonadotropins administered, and levels of estradiol on the day of the trigger. Results The mean age of patients was 30.43 ±4.25 years. Nineteen women commenced COS in the luteal phase, eleven in the early follicular phase and ten in the late follicular phase. The mean number of collected oocytes was 11.78 ±9.12 and the mean number of vitrified oocytes was 9.72 ±7.36. The mean duration of COS was 10.03 ±1.33 days. The mean estradiol concentrations on the triggering day was 623.10 ±441.27, and the mean dose of gonadotropins administered was 2540 ±713.10. Conclusions The authors suggest that the protocol is efficient and may be a safe option for oocyte vitrification in these patients.
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Matkar PN, Ariyagunarajah R, Leong-Poi H, Singh KK. Friends Turned Foes: Angiogenic Growth Factors beyond Angiogenesis. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7040074. [PMID: 28974056 PMCID: PMC5745456 DOI: 10.3390/biom7040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones is a biological process that ensures an adequate blood flow is maintained to provide the cells with a sufficient supply of nutrients and oxygen within the body. Numerous soluble growth factors and inhibitors, cytokines, proteases as well as extracellular matrix proteins and adhesion molecules stringently regulate the multi-factorial process of angiogenesis. The properties and interactions of key angiogenic molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and angiopoietins have been investigated in great detail with respect to their molecular impact on angiogenesis. Since the discovery of angiogenic growth factors, much research has been focused on their biological actions and their potential use as therapeutic targets for angiogenic or anti-angiogenic strategies in a context-dependent manner depending on the pathologies. It is generally accepted that these factors play an indispensable role in angiogenesis. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that this is not their only role and it is likely that the angiogenic factors have important functions in a wider range of biological and pathological processes. The additional roles played by these molecules in numerous pathologies and biological processes beyond angiogenesis are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiek N Matkar
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | | | - Howard Leong-Poi
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Krishna K Singh
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Abbara A, Clarke S, Islam R, Prague JK, Comninos AN, Narayanaswamy S, Papadopoulou D, Roberts R, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Ratnasabapathy R, Nesbitt A, Vimalesvaran S, Salim R, Lavery SA, Bloom SR, Huson L, Trew GH, Dhillo WS. A second dose of kisspeptin-54 improves oocyte maturation in women at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a Phase 2 randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2017; 32:1915-1924. [PMID: 28854728 PMCID: PMC5850304 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can increasing the duration of LH-exposure with a second dose of kisspeptin-54 improve oocyte maturation in women at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)? SUMMARY ANSWER A second dose of kisspeptin-54 at 10 h following the first improves oocyte yield in women at high risk of OHSS. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Kisspeptin acts at the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of an endogenous pool of GnRH from the hypothalamus. We have previously reported that a single dose of kisspeptin-54 results in an LH-surge of ~12-14 h duration, which safely triggers oocyte maturation in women at high risk of OHSS. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Phase-2 randomized placebo-controlled trial of 62 women at high risk of OHSS recruited between August 2015 and May 2016. Following controlled ovarian stimulation, all patients (n = 62) received a subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 (9.6 nmol/kg) 36 h prior to oocyte retrieval. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either a second dose of kisspeptin-54 (D; Double, n = 31), or saline (S; Single, n = 31) 10 h thereafter. Patients, embryologists, and IVF clinicians remained blinded to the dosing allocation. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Study participants: Sixty-two women aged 18-34 years at high risk of OHSS (antral follicle count ≥23 or anti-Mullerian hormone level ≥40 pmol/L). Setting: Single centre study carried out at Hammersmith Hospital IVF unit, London, UK. Primary outcome: Proportion of patients achieving an oocyte yield (percentage of mature oocytes retrieved from follicles ≥14 mm on morning of first kisspeptin-54 trigger administration) of at least 60%. Secondary outcomes: Reproductive hormone levels, implantation rate and OHSS occurrence. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A second dose of kisspeptin-54 at 10 h following the first induced further LH-secretion at 4 h after administration. A higher proportion of patients achieved an oocyte yield ≥60% following a second dose of kisspeptin-54 (Single: 14/31, 45%, Double: 21/31, 71%; absolute difference +26%, CI 2-50%, P = 0.042). Patients receiving two doses of kisspeptin-54 had a variable LH-response following the second kisspeptin dose, which appeared to be dependent on the LH-response following the first kisspeptin injection. Patients who had a lower LH-rise following the first dose of kisspeptin had a more substantial 'rescue' LH-response following the second dose of kisspeptin. The variable LH-response following the second dose of kisspeptin resulted in a greater proportion of patients achieving an oocyte yield ≥60%, but without also increasing the frequency of ovarian over-response and moderate OHSS (Single: 1/31, 3.2%, Double: 0/31, 0%). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Further studies are warranted to directly compare kisspeptin-54 to more established triggers of oocyte maturation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Triggering final oocyte maturation with kisspeptin is a novel therapeutic option to enable the use of fresh embryo transfer even in the woman at high risk of OHSS. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was designed, conducted, analysed and reported entirely by the authors. The Medical Research Council (MRC), Wellcome Trust & National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) provided research funding to carry out the studies. There are no competing interests to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinicaltrial.gov identifier NCT01667406. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 8 August 2012. DATE OF FIRST PATIENT'S ENROLMENT 10 August 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbara
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sophie Clarke
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rumana Islam
- IVF Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Julia K Prague
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Shakunthala Narayanaswamy
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Deborah Papadopoulou
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rachel Roberts
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Risheka Ratnasabapathy
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexander Nesbitt
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sunitha Vimalesvaran
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rehan Salim
- IVF Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Stuart A Lavery
- IVF Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Les Huson
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Geoffrey H Trew
- IVF Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Kasum M, Franulić D, Čehić E, Orešković S, Lila A, Ejubović E. Kisspeptin as a promising oocyte maturation trigger for in vitro fertilisation in humans. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:583-587. [PMID: 28393578 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1309019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to analyse the effectiveness of exogenous kisspeptin administration as a novel alternative of triggering oocyte maturation, instead of currently used triggers such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment. Kisspeptin has been considered a master regulator of two modes of GnRH and hence gonadotropin secretion, pulses and surges. Administration of kisspeptin-10 and kisspeptin-54 induces the luteinising hormone (LH) surge required for egg maturation and ovulation in animal investigations and LH release during the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle and hypothalamic amenorrhoea in humans. Exogenous kisspeptin-54 has been successfully administered as a promising method of triggering oocyte maturation, following ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins and GnRH antagonists in women undergoing IVF, due to its efficacy considering achieved pregnancy rates compared to hCG and GnRH agonists. Also, its safety in patients at high risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is noteworthy. Nevertheless, further studies would be desirable to establish the optimal trigger of egg maturation and to improve the reproductive outcome for women undergoing IVF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miro Kasum
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Daniela Franulić
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ermin Čehić
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Cantonal Hospital Zenica , Zenica , Bosnia and Herzegovina , and
| | - Slavko Orešković
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Albert Lila
- c Gynaecology Cabinet, Kosovo Occupational Health Institute , Giakove , Kosovo
| | - Emina Ejubović
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Cantonal Hospital Zenica , Zenica , Bosnia and Herzegovina , and
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Barrière P, Dewailly D, Duhamel A, Gayet V. [Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome after stimulation with highly purified hMGfor in vitro fertilization: Observational study SHOview]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2017; 45:283-290. [PMID: 28461237 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data on the incidence and severity of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in France are limited. METHODS Prospective observational multicentric study (23 French centers of IVF) in a cohort of 421 women treated with highly purified hMG (HP-hMG) for the first or second cycle of IVF with or without ICSI. The primary objective was to assess the incidence of moderate to severe OHSS in this cohort. RESULTS At inclusion, 172 patients (40.9%) were considered at risk of OHSS by the physicians. The main measures for risk minimization taken by the physicians rested on initial dose of HP-hMG and protocol choice. At the end of the follow-up (4 months in average), the rate of OHSS moderate to severe was 2.4% (confidence interval 95%: 1.1-4.3%) for the studied IVF cycle. OHSS was severe for 3 women (0.7%) and moderate for 7 women (1.7%). CONCLUSION This rate of OHSS after IVF is at the lower limit of the rates reported in the literature for OHSS. This study brings reassuring epidemiological data on the rate of OHSS in women at risk. The measures taken by the physicians to minimize the risk of OHSS could have contributed to this low incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Dewailly
- Gynécologie endocrinologie et médecine de la reproduction, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, Lille university hospital, 2, avenue Oscar-Lambret, 59037 Lille cedex, France.
| | - A Duhamel
- Pharmacie et santé publique-plateforme d'aide méthodologique, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, Lille university hospital, 59037 Lille, France
| | - V Gayet
- Groupe hospitalier Cochin-Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, 75014 Paris, France
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Combelles CM. In VitroMaturation of Human Oocytes: Current Practices and Future Promises. Hum Reprod 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118849613.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Domingo J, Garcia-Velasco JA. Oocyte cryopreservation for fertility preservation in women with cancer. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2016; 23:465-469. [PMID: 27685935 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW It is necessary to clarify the fertility preservation-related points of concern that often frighten patients or physicians when it comes to deciding about oocyte cryopreservation for fertility preservation, which are often perceived as procedure limitations, are sometimes real and often theoretical and may make the prognosis worse. RECENT FINDINGS Letrozole added to gonadotrophins for controlled ovarian stimulation is safe when applied to hormone-sensitive cancer patients as it avoids associated high estradiol levels. This benefit is only for estrogens, but not for progesterone. Triggering ovulation with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist bolus and adding the gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist after oocyte retrieval help minimize its effect. A random start is currently widespread as neither results nor offspring are compromised, and it avoids waiting for menstruation and, therefore, delaying treatment. SUMMARY The cumulative live birth rate is conditioned by the number of available oocytes and patient's age. Assisted reproductive technologies may help cancer patients to achieve pregnancy with good obstetric outcomes and apparent oncological safety. Although counseling should be provided on an individual basis, fertility preservation in cancer patients and later pregnancy in survivors after adequate treatment and follow-up should not be discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Domingo
- aIVI Las Palmas, Las Palmas bIVI Madrid, Madrid cRey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
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Improving the safety of the embryo and the patient during in vitro fertilization procedures. Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2016; 11:137-143. [PMID: 27829935 PMCID: PMC5095273 DOI: 10.5114/wiitm.2016.61940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a method of treatment for infertility in selected indications. Recent years have brought dynamic development of technologies related to IVF. This article presents problems pertaining to the safety of technology with respect to the patient, as well as the embryo, based on an analysis of scientific reports and our own experience. Invasiveness of the IVF procedure for the woman and the embryo varies on an individual basis. Minimization of the invasiveness of IVF requires experience of the staff performing the procedure, especially with respect to the assessment of risk for an individual patient. Technologies related to IVF are constantly being improved, and the effectiveness of the selected individual treatment methods is not always scientifically confirmed.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kisspeptins are a family of neuropeptides whose identification has become one of the biggest discoveries in reproductive endocrinology during the past decade. Kisspeptins act upstream of GnRH as high-level mediators of the reproductive axis. AREAS COVERED The authors performed a search of all publications on kisspeptin since its discovery in 1996. A full appraisal of the expanding literature concerning kisspeptin is beyond the scope of this review. This article therefore aims to cover the principle human studies outlining kisspeptin action in human physiology and to discuss the key findings, describing kisspeptin's potential as a therapeutic target in human reproduction. EXPERT OPINION The identification of the kisspeptin signaling pathway has greatly advanced the study of reproductive endocrinology. Building on a large body of animal data, a growing number of human studies have shown that exogenous kisspeptin can stimulate physiological gonadotropin responses in both healthy subjects and those with disorders of reproduction. There is an increasing appreciation that kisspeptin may act as a signal transmitter between metabolic status and reproductive function. Future work is likely to involve investigation of novel kisspeptin analogs and further exploration of role of neurokinin B and dynorphin on the kisspeptin-GnRH axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Yang
- a Department of Investigative Medicine , Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Waljit Dhillo
- a Department of Investigative Medicine , Imperial College London , London , UK
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Youssef MAFM, Van der Veen F, Al-Inany HG, Mochtar MH, Griesinger G, Aboulfoutoh I, van Wely M. The updated Cochrane review 2014 on GnRH agonist trigger: an indispensable piece of information for the clinician. Reprod Biomed Online 2015; 32:259-60. [PMID: 26655648 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A F M Youssef
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Egyptian Fertility IVF Center (EIFC-lVF), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt;.
| | - Fulco Van der Veen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hesham G Al-Inany
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Monique H Mochtar
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Ismail Aboulfoutoh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Egyptian Fertility IVF Center (EIFC-lVF), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Madelon van Wely
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Why more is less and less is more when it comes to ovarian stimulation. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32:1713-9. [PMID: 26481501 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study is to describe the possible mechanisms which may explain the apparent paradox of "less is more." Mild ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF) minimizes ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and multiple gestations without compromising the pregnancy rate (PR). METHODS The pertinent English literature (PubMed) addressing mild stimulation for IVF/assisted reproductive technology (ART) and publications addressing "mild" or "soft" controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) vs conventional COS for IVF, OHSS, natural cycle IVF, and IVF outcome in association with COS was searched. RESULTS Four possible mechanisms can be put forward to explain the apparent paradox of "less is more." (1) In the natural or mild stimulation cycles, the healthiest follicles are selected by the principle of "quality for quantity"; (2) high estradiol (E2) in the late follicular phase significantly correlated with higher rates of small for gestational age (SGA) and low-birth-weight (LBW) neonates; (3) anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), LH, testosterone, and E(2) are significantly higher in natural cycle (NC)-IVF than in stimulated IVF follicles, suggesting an alteration of the follicular metabolism in stimulated cycles; and (4) supraphysiological E(2) may increase the growth hormone-binding protein (GH-BP) bio-neutralizing GH and diminishing the resultant insulin-like growth factor (IGF) levels, necessary for optimal synergism with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). CONCLUSIONS It is suggested to aim at the retrieval of around eight to ten eggs. Mild stimulation should be the common practice for IVF. In cases where more than ten ova are retrieved or high E(2) levels are reached, either intentionally or unintentionally, "freeze-all policy" should be considered and embryo transfer (ET) done in a subsequent natural cycle.
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Abbara A, Jayasena CN, Christopoulos G, Narayanaswamy S, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Nijher GMK, Comninos AN, Peters D, Buckley A, Ratnasabapathy R, Prague JK, Salim R, Lavery SA, Bloom SR, Szigeti M, Ashby DA, Trew GH, Dhillo WS. Efficacy of Kisspeptin-54 to Trigger Oocyte Maturation in Women at High Risk of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) During In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:3322-31. [PMID: 26192876 PMCID: PMC4570165 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment is an effective therapy for infertility, but can result in the potentially life-threatening complication, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether kisspeptin-54 can be used to effectively and safely trigger oocyte maturation in women undergoing IVF treatment at high risk of developing OHSS. SETTING AND DESIGN This was a phase 2, multi-dose, open-label, randomized clinical trial of 60 women at high risk of developing OHSS carried out during 2013-2014 at Hammersmith Hospital IVF unit, London, United Kingdom. INTERVENTION Following a standard recombinant FSH/GnRH antagonist protocol, patients were randomly assigned to receive a single injection of kisspeptin-54 to trigger oocyte maturation using an adaptive design for dose allocation (3.2 nmol/kg, n = 5; 6.4 nmol/kg, n = 20; 9.6 nmol/kg, n = 15; 12.8 nmol/kg, n = 20). Oocytes were retrieved 36 h after kisspeptin-54 administration, assessed for maturation, and fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection with subsequent transfer of one or two embryos. Women were routinely screened for the development of OHSS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Oocyte maturation was measured by oocyte yield (percentage of mature oocytes retrieved from follicles ≥ 14 mm on ultrasound). Secondary outcomes include rates of OHSS and pregnancy. RESULTS Oocyte maturation occurred in 95% of women. Highest oocyte yield (121%) was observed following 12.8 nmol/kg kisspeptin-54, which was +69% (confidence interval, -16-153%) greater than following 3.2 nmol/kg. At all doses of kisspeptin-54, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates per transfer (n = 51) were 63, 53, and 45%, respectively. Highest pregnancy rates were observed following 9.6 nmol/kg kisspeptin-54 (85, 77, and 62%, respectively). No woman developed moderate, severe, or critical OHSS. CONCLUSION Kisspeptin-54 is a promising approach to effectively and safely trigger oocyte maturation in women undergoing IVF treatment at high risk of developing OHSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbara
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Channa N Jayasena
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Christopoulos
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Shakunthala Narayanaswamy
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Gurjinder M K Nijher
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Peters
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Buckley
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Risheka Ratnasabapathy
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Julia K Prague
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Rehan Salim
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Lavery
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Matyas Szigeti
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah A Ashby
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey H Trew
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Department of Investigative Medicine (A.A., C.N.J., S.N., C.I.-E., G.M.K.N., A.N.C., D.P., A.B., R.R., J.K.P., S.R.B., W.S.D.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; IVF Unit (G.C., R.S., S.A.L., G.H.T.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom; and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (M.S., D.A.A.), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Pl, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
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Garcia Velasco JA, Seli E. IVF: a short but exciting story. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2015; 27:165-6. [PMID: 25919232 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Garcia Velasco
- aIVI-Madrid, and Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain bDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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