Coexistence of metabolic syndrome and osteopenia associated with social inequalities and unhealthy lifestyle among postmenopausal women in South Korea: the 2008 to 2011 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES)

A Community-Based, Lifestyle Behavioral Intervention Based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior for Postmenopausal Women at Cardiometabolic Risk: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND

Postmenopausal women may be susceptible to unhealthy eating and physical activity behaviors and increased cardiometabolic risk.

OBJECTIVE

This study examined the effectiveness of a community-based lifestyle behavioral intervention in modifying eating and physical activity behaviors, their behavioral determinants, and cardiometabolic risk factors in community-dwelling postmenopausal women.

METHODS

A 2-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted with 46 postmenopausal women recruited from churches and universities in Seoul, South Korea. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n = 23) or control (n = 23) group. The intervention group underwent a 12-week behavioral intervention designed theoretically to modify behavioral determinants with individual- and group-based sessions using cognitive-behavioral strategies, while the control group received a single general counseling session. Assessments were conducted at baseline, after 12 weeks, and at the 24th week. These included measurements of eating and physical activity behaviors, their determinants (ie, attitude, subjective norm, behavioral control, intention, and planning, based on the extended theory of planned behavior), waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting glucose.

RESULTS

Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant improvements in eating behaviors (F = 5.08, P = .008), physical activity behaviors (F = 15.56, P < .001), and all behavioral determinants (P < .05 for all) over 24 weeks. The intervention group also experienced a significant reduction in waist circumference compared with the control group (F = 5.03, P = .009) over the same period.

CONCLUSIONS

The community-based behavioral intervention may be effective in promoting behavioral outcomes and waist circumference among postmenopausal women.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Korea Clinical Trial Registry (KCT006349).

Association of dietary niacin intake with osteoporosis in the postmenopausal women in the US: NHANES 2007-2018

Background

Elderly individuals with inadequate vitamin B level are at increased risk of degenerative conditions, notably cardiovascular disorders, cognitive impairments, and osteoporosis. The relationship between niacin (vitamin B3) consumption and osteoporosis risk remains a subject of debate. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between dietary niacin intake and the incidence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years.

Methods

In this study, we gathered details on participants' bone mineral density, osteoporosis status, dietary niacin intake, and several other critical variables. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to determine the association between dietary niacin intake and the incidence of osteoporosis. Restricted cubic splines were employed to further assess the linearity and explore the shape of the dose-response associations. Additionally, we performed stratified and interaction analyses to illustrate the stability of the observed relationships across different subgroups.

Results

After adjusting for all covariates, there was a significant inverse association with osteoporosis (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77-0.97; p = 0.016). A negative relationship was observed between dietary niacin intake and the risk of osteoporosis (nonlinear: p = 0.672). While stratified analyses revealed some differences in the association between dietary niacin intake and osteoporosis risk, these differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Dietary niacin intake exhibited an inverse correlation with the incidence of osteoporosis. The risk of osteoporosis was significantly reduced by 13% with every 10 mg/day increase in daily dietary niacin consumption among postmenopausal women.

Health-related quality of life associated with coexisting chronic conditions in postmenopausal women

We aimed to examine the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in naturally postmenopausal women aged 45-65 years using data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We classified the participants into four groups: normal (neither MetS nor depressive symptoms), MetS, depressive symptoms, and MetS + depressive symptoms. Compared to the other three groups, the MetS + depressive symptoms group had the worst self-rated health. High fasting glucose, high triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were the most common in the MetS + depressive symptoms group. After adjusting for covariates, the MetS + depressive symptoms group was more likely to have problems with usual activities and pain/discomfort than the normal group.

Naringin Prevents Bone Damage in the Experimental Metabolic Syndrome Induced by a Fructose Rich Diet

We have analyzed the effect of naringin (NAR), a flavonoid from citric fruits, on bone quality and bone biomechanical properties as well as the redox state of bone marrow in rats fed a fructose rich diet (FRD), an experimental model to mimic human metabolic syndrome. NAR blocked the enhancement in the number of osteoclasts and adipocytes and the decrease in the number of osteocytes and osteocalcin (+) cells caused by FRD. The trabecular number was significantly higher in the FRD+NAR group. FRD induced a decrease in femoral trabecular and cortical bone mineral density, which was blocked by NAR. The fracture and ultimate loads were also decreased by the FRD and FRD+NAR groups. NAR increased the number of nodes to terminal trabecula, the number of nodes to node trabecula, the number of nodes, and the number of nodes with two terminals, and decreased the Dist (mean size of branches) value. Bone marrow catalase activity was decreased by the FRD, an effect prevented by NAR. In conclusion, FRD produces detrimental effects on long bones, which are associated with oxidative stress in bone marrow. Most of these changes are avoided by NAR through its antioxidant properties and promotion of bone formation. Novelty bullets: • Fructose rich diet produces detrimental effects on long bones, which are associated with oxidative stress in bone marrow. • Most of these changes are avoided by Naringin through its antioxidant properties and promotion of bone formation.