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Khan F, Rojas K, Schlumbrecht M, Jeudin P. Oophorectomy in Premenopausal Patients with Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: New Insights into Long-Term Effects. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:1794-1804. [PMID: 36826100 PMCID: PMC9954995 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 80% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), and 68-80% of those occur in premenopausal or perimenopausal women. Since the introduction of tamoxifen for adjuvant endocrine therapy in women with non-metastatic ER+ breast cancer, subsequent trials have demonstrated an oncologic benefit with the addition of ovarian function suppression (OFS) to adjuvant endocrine therapy. Subsequently, therapies to either suppress or ablate ovarian function may be included in the treatment plan for patients that remain premenopausal or perimenopausal after upfront or adjuvant chemotherapy and primary surgery. One strategy for OFS, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), has lasting implications, and the routine recommendation for this strategy warrants a critical analysis in this population. The following is a narrative review of the utility of ovarian suppression or ablation (through either bilateral oophorectomy or radiation) in the context of adjuvant endocrine therapy, including selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). The long-term sequelae of bilateral oophorectomy include cardiovascular and bone density morbidity along with sexual dysfunction, negatively impacting overall quality of life. As gynecologists are the providers consulted to perform bilateral oophorectomies in this population, careful consideration of each patient's oncologic prognosis, cardiovascular risk, and psychosocial factors should be included in the preoperative assessment to assist in shared decision-making and prevent the lifelong adverse effects that may result from overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Khan
- Departments of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 N.W. 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kristin Rojas
- Departments of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 N.W. 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Dewitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Matthew Schlumbrecht
- Departments of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 N.W. 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Patricia Jeudin
- Departments of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 N.W. 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence:
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Lee K, Sami N, Tripathy D, Demark-Wahnefried W, Norris MK, Courneya KS, Dieli-Conwright CM. Aerobic and resistance exercise improves Reynolds risk score in overweight or obese breast cancer survivors. CARDIO-ONCOLOGY 2020; 6:27. [PMID: 33292676 PMCID: PMC7684890 DOI: 10.1186/s40959-020-00084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer survivors have double the risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease than age-matched women without a cancer history. Reynolds risk score (RRS) is a validated algorithm for the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk. This secondary analysis sought to examine the effects of a 16-week aerobic and resistance exercise intervention on RRS in overweight or obese breast cancer survivors. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred overweight or obese (BMI > 25 kg/m2) breast cancer survivors were randomized to exercise or usual care. The exercise group underwent aerobic and resistance exercise sessions for 16 weeks. RRS was calculated using a validated equation. Group differences in mean change for RRS were evaluated using repeated-measures analyses of variance. Post-intervention, RRS was significantly reduced (7.9 ± 0.9% to 1.0 ± 0.5%; p < 0.001) in the exercise group compared to a significant increase (9.0 ± 0.8% to 11.6 ± 1.2%; p = 0.002%) in the usual care group (p < 0.01). RRS was significantly reduced in exercise vs usual care (between group difference, - 10.6; 95% CI, - 16.3 to - 7.4; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION A 16-week aerobic and resistance exercise intervention is an effective approach to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in breast cancer survivors. Exercise during cancer survivorship should be considered to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease risk in overweight women breast cancer survivors. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01140282 . Registered 9 June 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuwan Lee
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Nathalie Sami
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wendy Demark-Wahnefried
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Mary K Norris
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 375 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kerry S Courneya
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Christina M Dieli-Conwright
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 375 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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