1
|
Liu J, Shi R, Hornik RC. Modification Mechanisms of Descriptive Norm Perceptions Toward Vaping: The Role of Behavior Prevalence and Group Size in an Online Setting. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38711233 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2344883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
We often rely on descriptive norm perceptions as a mental shortcut for decision making. However, less is known about how such perceptions are shaped and modified by our experiences in day-to-day life. The interactive nature of the current media environment offers opportunities for individuals to access others' health behavior choices through online user-generated content. Within a setting of online comment boards, the current study examined the descriptive norm perception modification process toward vaping with a large-scale experiment that systematically varied levels of exposure to online commenters' vaping behavior choice indications. Findings revealed a significant positive effect of behavior prevalence on descriptive norm perceptions, which in turn were positively associated with vaping intention. This set of results was observed only when a sufficient total amount of comment exposures was ensured. The study provided empirical evidence for the underlying mechanism of the "quasi-statistical sense," which helps people draw conclusions about behavior prevalence and may influence their behavioral decision making. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Liu
- Department of Communication, University of California Santa Barbara
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Communication Studies, Ric Edelman College of Communication & Creative Arts, Rowan University
| | - Robert C Hornik
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma K, Jha RK. Impact of Vaping on Lungs: An Indian Prospect. Cureus 2023; 15:e48281. [PMID: 38058322 PMCID: PMC10696140 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes, or vape pens, have gained popularity among young people due to their attractive appearance, but they also have numerous side effects. These devices come in various shapes, sizes, and costs, with many brands and various flavors to choose from. As of now, there are around 2,807 people hospitalized in the United States due to vaping. Electronic cigarettes are illegal in many countries, with laws varying from country to country. The health service has been criticized for the implementation of the ban, with states implementing month-long drives and submitting reports. The Indian Police have also conducted raids and arrested five individuals under the 2019 ban on Electronic Cigarettes (Production, Manufacture, Trade, Transport, Sale, Distribution, Storage, and Advertisement) Act. The history of vapes can be traced back to the invention of the first electric vaporizer in 1927 by Joseph Robinson. Other pioneers like Herbert Gilbert and Jed Rose developed nicotine fixes using refined smoke. The vape was made in 2003 by Chinese smoker Hon Lik, who created the device as a better option to traditional smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Sharma
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Roshan K Jha
- Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dai W, Shi J, Siddarth P, Zhao L, Carreno J, Kleinman MT, Herman DA, Arechavala RJ, Renusch S, Hasen I, Ting A, Kloner RA. Effects of Electronic Cigarette Exposure on Myocardial Infarction and No-Reflow, and Cardiac Function in a Rat Model. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2023; 28:10742484231155992. [PMID: 36799436 DOI: 10.1177/10742484231155992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effects of exposure to electronic cigarettes (E-cig) vapor on the sizes of the no-reflow and myocardial infarction regions, and cardiovascular function compared to exposure to purified air and standard cigarette smoke. METHODS AND RESULTS Sprague Dawley rats (both male and female, 6 weeks old) were successfully exposed to filtered air (n = 32), E-cig with nicotine (E-cig Nic+, n = 26), E-cig without nicotine (E-cig Nic-, n = 26), or standard cigarette smoke (1R6F reference, n = 31). All rats were exposed to inhalation exposure for 8 weeks, prior to being subjected to 30 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. Exposure to E-cig vapor with or without nicotine or exposure to standard cigarettes did not increase myocardial infarct size or worsen the no-reflow phenomenon. Exposure to E-cig Nic+ reduced the body weight gain, and increased the LV weight normalized to body weight and LV wall thickness and enhanced the collagen deposition within the LV wall. E-cig exposure led to cardiovascular dysfunction, such as reductions in cardiac output, LV positive and negative dp/dt, suggesting a reduction in contractility and relaxation, and increased systemic arterial resistance after coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion in rats compared to air or cigarette exposure. CONCLUSIONS E-cig exposure did not increase myocardial infarct size or worsen the no-reflow phenomenon, but induced deleterious changes in LV structure leading to cardiovascular dysfunction and increased systemic arterial resistance after coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangde Dai
- HMRI Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine of the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jianru Shi
- HMRI Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine of the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lifu Zhao
- HMRI Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Juan Carreno
- HMRI Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Michael T Kleinman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David A Herman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Arechavala
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Renusch
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Irene Hasen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Ting
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Kloner
- HMRI Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine of the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu-Zarzuela JA, Sun R. Three Seizures Provoked by E-cigarette Use in a Five-Year Period: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e27616. [PMID: 36059307 PMCID: PMC9433810 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of three seizures provoked by e-cigarette use (vaping) within the time span of five years from youth to young adult. At presentation, the neurological exam was unremarkable. Computerized tomography (CT) of the head, magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the brain, electroencephalograms (EEG), electrocardiogram (EKG), and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) were normal. Multiple toxicology screens were normal as well. Each seizure occurred within minutes of vaping, thereby suggesting a temporal association and a possible causal relationship between e-cigarettes and seizures.
Collapse
|