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Su C, Xue J, Ye C, Chen A. Role of the central renin‑angiotensin system in hypertension (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:95. [PMID: 33846799 PMCID: PMC8041481 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Present in more than one billion adults, hypertension is the most significant modifiable risk factor for mortality resulting from cardiovascular disease. Although its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, the disruption of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), consisting of the systemic and brain RAS, has been recognized as one of the primary reasons for several types of hypertension. Therefore, acquiring sound knowledge of the basic science of RAS and the under- lying mechanisms of the signaling pathways associated with RAS may facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic targets with which to promote the management of patients with cardiovascular and kidney disease. In total, 4 types of angiotensin II receptors have been identified (AT1R-AT4R), of which AT1R plays the most important role in vasoconstriction and has been most extensively studied. It has been found in several regions of the brain, and its distribution is highly associated with that of angiotensin-like immunoreactivity in nerve terminals. The effect of AT1R involves the activation of multiple media and signaling pathways, among which the most important signaling pathways are considered to be AT1R/JAK/STAT and Ras/Raf/MAPK pathways. In addition, the regulation of the nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and cyclic AMP response element-binding (CREB) pathways is also closely related to the effect of ATR1. Their mechanisms of action are related to pro-inflammatory and sympathetic excitatory effects. Central AT1R is involved in almost all types of hypertension, including spontaneous hypertension, salt-sensitive hypertension, obesity-induced hypertension, renovascular hypertension, diabetic hypertension, L-NAME-induced hypertension, stress-induced hypertension, angiotensin II-induced hyper- tension and aldosterone-induced hypertension. There are 2 types of central AT1R blockade, acute blockade and chronic blockade. The latter can be achieved by chemical blockade or genetic engineering. The present review article aimed to high- light the prevalence, functions, interactions and modulation means of central AT-1R in an effort to assist in the treatment of several pathological conditions. The identification of angiotensin-derived peptides and the development of AT-2R agonists may provide a wider perspective on RAS, as well as novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Su
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Xue
- Research Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, The University of Duisburg‑Essen, Duisburg‑Essen University, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Aidong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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Tan X, Jiao PL, Sun JC, Wang W, Ye P, Wang YK, Leng YQ, Wang WZ. β-Arrestin1 Reduces Oxidative Stress via Nrf2 Activation in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla in Hypertension. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:657825. [PMID: 33897365 PMCID: PMC8059792 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.657825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key region for blood pressure (BP) regulation, has been demonstrated to be responsible for the overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension and heart failure. Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that maintains redox homeostasis by governing a broad array of antioxidant genes in response to oxidative stress. β-Arrestin1 is a multifunctional scaffold protein with the ability to interact with diverse signaling molecules independent of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and its overexpression in the RVLM could reduce BP and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The goal of this study was to investigate whether Nrf2-mediated antioxidative stress is involved in the antihypertensive effect of β-arrestin1 in the RVLM. It was found that the activation level of Nrf2 in the RVLM of SHR was significantly reduced, compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoko (WKY) rats. Overexpression of β-arrestin1 in the RVLM significantly decreased ROS production and facilitated the Nrf2 activation in the RVLM of SHR, accompanied by upregulating the expression of HO-1 and NQO-1. However, Nrf2 knockdown attenuated the antioxidant effect of β-arrestin1 overexpression in the RVLM by downregulating HO-1 and NQO-1 expression levels. In conclusion, the current results suggested that the antihypertensive effect of β-arrestin1 overexpression in the RVLM is mediated by decreased ROS production, which is associated with Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Tan
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Lei Jiao
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The 962th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-Cen Sun
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Kai Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Qi Leng
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-Zhong Wang,
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Zhang Q, Chu MF, Li YH, Li CH, Lei RJ, Wang SC, Xiao BJ, Yang JG. Quantitative analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and retinal neuroprotection after topical administration of moxonidine. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:390-398. [PMID: 32309174 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.03.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine moxonidine in aqueous humor and iris-ciliary body by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and to evaluate the retinal neuroprotective effect after topical administration with moxonidine in a high intraocular pressure (IOP) model. METHODS The eyes of albino rabbits were administered topically and ipsilaterally with 0.2% moxonidine. A RP-HPLC method was employed for the identification and quantification of moxonidine between 2 and 480min, which presented in the aqueous humor and iris-ciliary body. Flash electroretinography (F-ERG) amplitude and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level were measured between day 1 and day 15 after topical administration with moxonidine in a rabbit model of high IOP. Histological and ultrastructural observation underwent to analyze the changes of retinal morphology, the inner retinal layers (IRL) thickness, and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) counting. RESULTS Moxonidine was detectable between 2 and 480min after administration, and the peak concentration developed both in the two tissues at 30min, 0.51 µg/mL in aqueous humor and 1.03 µg/g in iris-ciliary body. In comparison to control, F-ERG b-wave amplitude in moxonidine eyes were significantly differences between day 3 and day 15 (P<0.01) in the high IOP model; SOD levels were significantly higher at all time-points (P<0.01) with a maximum level of 20.29 U/mgprot at day 15; and RGCs were significantly higher (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Moxonidine is a viable neuroprotective agent with application to high IOP model. All layers of retina, including RGC layer, retinal nerve fiber layer and INL, are more preserved after moxonidine administration. SOD plays a neuroprotective role in ocular hypertension-mediated RGC death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Shaanxi Ophthalmological Hospital, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mei-Fang Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Shaanxi Ophthalmological Hospital, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- Xi'an Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University; Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chun-Hua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Shaanxi Ophthalmological Hospital, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Run-Jia Lei
- Xi'an Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University; Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Si-Cen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bao-Jun Xiao
- West Street Community Health Center of Lianhu District, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Gang Yang
- Xi'an Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University; Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
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Xu ML, Yu XJ, Zhao JQ, Du Y, Xia WJ, Su Q, Du MM, Yang Q, Qi J, Li Y, Zhou SW, Zhu GQ, Li HB, Kang YM. Calcitriol ameliorated autonomic dysfunction and hypertension by down-regulating inflammation and oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus of SHR. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 394:114950. [PMID: 32147540 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays crucial roles in central cardiovascular regulation. Increasing evidence in humans and rodents shows that vitamin D intake is important for achieving optimal cardiovascular function. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D, improves autonomic and cardiovascular function in hypertensive rats and whether PVN oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in these beneficial effects. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with either calcitriol (40 ng/day) or vehicle (0.11 μL/h) through chronic PVN infusion for 4 weeks. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded continuously by radiotelemetry. PVN tissue, heart and plasma were collected for molecular and histological analysis. Compared to WKY rats, SHR exhibited increased systolic blood pressure, sympathetic drive, and cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. These were associated with higher mRNA and protein expression levels of high mobility box 1 (HMGB1), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), proinflammatory cytokines, NADPH oxidase subunit in the PVN. In addition, increased norepinephrine in plasma, elevated reactive oxygen species levels and activation of microglia in the PVN were also observed in SHR. Chronic calcitriol treatment ameliorated these changes but not in WKY rats. Our results demonstrate that chronic infusion of calcitriol in the PVN ameliorates hypertensive responses, sympathoexcitation and retains cardiovascular function in SHR. Reduced inflammation and oxidative stress within the PVN are involved in these calcitriol-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lu Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Meng-Meng Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shao-Wen Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Interleukin enhancement binding factor 3 inhibits cardiac hypertrophy by targeting asymmetric dimethylarginine-nitric oxide. Nitric Oxide 2019; 93:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Cobos-Puc L, Aguayo-Morales H. Cardiovascular Effects Mediated by Imidazoline Drugs: An Update. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:95-108. [PMID: 29962350 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x18666180629170336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clonidine is a centrally acting antihypertensive drug. Hypotensive effect of clonidine is mediated mainly by central α2-adrenoceptors and/or imidazoline receptors located in a complex network of the brainstem. Unfortunately, clonidine produces side effects such as sedation, mouth dry, and depression. Moxonidine and rilmenidine, compounds of the second generation of imidazoline drugs, with fewer side effects, display a higher affinity for the imidazoline receptors compared with α2-adrenoceptors. The antihypertensive action of these drugs is due to inhibition of the sympathetic outflow primarily through central I1-imidazoline receptors in the RVLM, although others anatomical sites and mechanisms/receptors are involved. Agmatine is regarded as the endogenous ligand for imidazoline receptors. This amine modulates the cardiovascular function. Indeed, when administered in the RVLM mimics the hypotension of clonidine. RESULTS Recent findings have shown that imidazoline drugs also exert biological response directly on the cardiovascular tissues, which can contribute to their antihypertensive response. Currently, new imidazoline receptors ligands are in development. CONCLUSION In the present review, we provide a brief update on the cardiovascular effects of clonidine, moxonidine, rilmenidine, and the novel imidazoline agents since representing an important therapeutic target for some cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cobos-Puc
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - Hilda Aguayo-Morales
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico
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Li HB, Yu XJ, Bai J, Su Q, Wang ML, Huo CJ, Xia WJ, Yi QY, Liu KL, Fu LY, Zhu GQ, Qi J, Kang YM. Silencing salusin β ameliorates heart failure in aged spontaneously hypertensive rats by ROS-relative MAPK/NF-κB pathways in the paraventricular nucleus. Int J Cardiol 2018; 280:142-151. [PMID: 30581101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sustained hypertension is a major cause of heart failure in aging hypertensive patients. Salusin β, a novel bioactive peptide of 20 amino acids, has been reported to participate in various cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. We therefore hypothesized that central knockdown of salusin β might be effective for hypertension-induced heart failure treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighteen-month-old male aged spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with heart failure and WKY rats were microinjected with either a specific adenoviral vector encoding salusin β shRNA (Ad-Sal-shRNA) or a scramble shRNA (Ad-Scr-shRNA) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) for 4 weeks. Radiotelemetry and echocardiography were used for measuring blood pressure and cardiac function, respectively. Blood samples and heart were harvested for evaluating plasma norepinephrine, tyrosine hydroxylase, and cardiac morphology, respectively. The mesenteric arteries were separated for measurement of vascular responses. The PVN was analyzed for salusin β, proinflammatory cytokines (PICs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Compared with normotensive rats, aging SHR with heart failure had dramatically increased salusin β expression. Silencing salusin β with Ad-Sal-shRNA attenuated arterial pressure and improved autonomic function, cardiac and vascular dysfunction in aging SHR with heart failure, but not in aging WKY rats. Knockdown of salusin β significantly reduced paraventricular nucleus PICs levels, MAPK and NF-κB activity, and ROS levels in aging SHR with heart failure. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that in aging SHR, the heart failure that was developed during the end stage of hypertension could be ameliorated by silencing salusin β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Mo-Lin Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Chan-Juan Huo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Li-Yan Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Sun JC, Liu B, Zhang RW, Jiao PL, Tan X, Wang YK, Wang WZ. Overexpression of ß-Arrestin1 in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Downregulates Angiotensin Receptor and Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertension. Front Physiol 2018; 9:297. [PMID: 29643817 PMCID: PMC5882868 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is characterized by sympathetic overactivity, which is associated with an enhancement in angiotensin receptor type I (AT1R) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). β-arrestin1, a canonical scaffold protein, has been suggested to show a negative effect on G protein-coupled receptors via its internalization and desensitization and/or the biased signaling pathway. The major objectives of the present study were to observe the effect of β-arrestin1 overexpression in the RVLM on cardiovascular regulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and further determine the effect of β-arrestin1 on AT1R expression in the RVLM. Methods: The animal model of β-arrestin1 overexpression was induced by bilateral injection of adeno-associated virus containing Arrb1 gene (AAV-Arrb1) into the RVLM of WKY and SHR. Results: β-arrestin1 was expressed on the pre-sympathetic neurons in the RVLM, and its expression in the RVLM was significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated by an average of 64% in SHR than WKY. Overexpression of β-arrestin1 in SHR significantly decreased baseline levels of blood pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity, and attenuated cardiovascular effects induced by RVLM injection of angiotensin II (100 pmol). Furthermore, β-arrestin1 overexpression in the RVLM significantly reduced the expression of AT1R by 65% and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation by 66% in SHR. It was confirmed that β-arrestin1 overexpression in the RVLM led to an enhancement of interaction between β-arrestin1 and IκB-α. Conclusion: Overexpression of β-arrestin1 in the RVLM reduces BP and sympathetic outflow in hypertension, which may be associated with NFκB-mediated AT1R downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Cen Sun
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-Wen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Lei Jiao
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Wang XR, Yang JW, Ji CS, Zeng XH, Shi GX, Fisher M, Liu CZ. Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Oxidative Stress in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Mediates the Antihypertensive Effects of Acupuncture in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Hypertension 2017; 71:356-365. [PMID: 29229746 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where the sympathetic nervous control center is located, contributes to neural mechanisms of hypertension. Acupuncture was previously reported to favorably affect high blood pressure. However, little is known about the effect of acupuncture on oxidative stress-modulated mechanisms in hypertension. This study was designed to evaluate the hypothesis that acupuncture exerts an antihypertensive effect via ameliorating oxidative stress and the redox-sensitive pathway in the RVLM of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Two weeks of acupuncture reduced blood pressure and sympathetic nervous system activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Oxidative stress in the RVLM was alleviated by acupuncture, accompanied by a decrease in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity and expression of its subunits. Acupuncture significantly altered the mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway as assessed by pathway enrichment analysis in a gene chip assay. The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2, but not Jun N-terminal kinase, was downregulated by acupuncture. Microinjection bilaterally of the superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor apocynin, or diphenyleneiodonium chloride into the RVLM mimicked the antihypertensive effect of acupuncture. In contrast, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase agonist tetrabromocinnamic acid abolished the beneficial effects of acupuncture. Furthermore, injection of capsaicin or surgical sectioning of the sciatic nerve abolished the antihypertensive effect of acupuncture. We conclude that acupuncture decreases high blood pressure and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in the RVLM of spontaneously hypertensive rats. The mitogen-activated protein kinases and the sciatic nerve are involved in the mechanism of acupuncture's amelioration of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Rui Wang
- From the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (X.-R.W., J.-W.Y., C.-S.J., X.-H.Z., G.-X.S., C.-Z.L.) and Beijing Institute of Tradition Chinese Medicine (X.-R.W.), Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, China (X.-R.W., J.-W.Y., C.-S.J., X.-H.Z., G.-X.S., C.-Z.L.); and the Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.F.)
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- From the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (X.-R.W., J.-W.Y., C.-S.J., X.-H.Z., G.-X.S., C.-Z.L.) and Beijing Institute of Tradition Chinese Medicine (X.-R.W.), Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, China (X.-R.W., J.-W.Y., C.-S.J., X.-H.Z., G.-X.S., C.-Z.L.); and the Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.F.)
| | - Cai-Shuo Ji
- From the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (X.-R.W., J.-W.Y., C.-S.J., X.-H.Z., G.-X.S., C.-Z.L.) and Beijing Institute of Tradition Chinese Medicine (X.-R.W.), Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, China (X.-R.W., J.-W.Y., C.-S.J., X.-H.Z., G.-X.S., C.-Z.L.); and the Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.F.)
| | - Xiang-Hong Zeng
- From the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (X.-R.W., J.-W.Y., C.-S.J., X.-H.Z., G.-X.S., C.-Z.L.) and Beijing Institute of Tradition Chinese Medicine (X.-R.W.), Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, China (X.-R.W., J.-W.Y., C.-S.J., X.-H.Z., G.-X.S., C.-Z.L.); and the Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.F.)
| | - Guang-Xia Shi
- From the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (X.-R.W., J.-W.Y., C.-S.J., X.-H.Z., G.-X.S., C.-Z.L.) and Beijing Institute of Tradition Chinese Medicine (X.-R.W.), Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, China (X.-R.W., J.-W.Y., C.-S.J., X.-H.Z., G.-X.S., C.-Z.L.); and the Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.F.)
| | - Marc Fisher
- From the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (X.-R.W., J.-W.Y., C.-S.J., X.-H.Z., G.-X.S., C.-Z.L.) and Beijing Institute of Tradition Chinese Medicine (X.-R.W.), Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, China (X.-R.W., J.-W.Y., C.-S.J., X.-H.Z., G.-X.S., C.-Z.L.); and the Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.F.)
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- From the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (X.-R.W., J.-W.Y., C.-S.J., X.-H.Z., G.-X.S., C.-Z.L.) and Beijing Institute of Tradition Chinese Medicine (X.-R.W.), Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, China (X.-R.W., J.-W.Y., C.-S.J., X.-H.Z., G.-X.S., C.-Z.L.); and the Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.F.).
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10
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Wang W, Zou Z, Tan X, Zhang RW, Ren CZ, Yao XY, Li CB, Wang WZ, Shi XY. Enhancement in Tonically Active Glutamatergic Inputs to the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Contributes to Neuropathic Pain-Induced High Blood Pressure. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:4174010. [PMID: 29158920 PMCID: PMC5660794 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4174010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension with the characteristic of sympathetic overactivity. The enhanced tonically active glutamatergic input to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) contributes to sympathetic overactivity and blood pressure (BP) in cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesize that neuropathic pain enhances tonically active glutamatergic inputs to the RVLM, which contributes to high level of BP and sympathetic outflow. Animal model with the trigeminal neuropathic pain was induced by the infraorbital nerve-chronic constriction injury (ION-CCI). A significant increase in BP and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was found in rats with ION-CCI (BP, n = 5, RSNA, n = 7, p < 0.05). The concentration of glutamate in the RVLM was significantly increased in the ION-CCI group (n = 4, p < 0.05). Blockade of glutamate receptors by injection of kynurenic acid into the RVLM significantly decreased BP and RSNA in the ION-CCI group (n = 5, p < 0.05). In two major sources (the paraventricular nucleus and periaqueductal gray) for glutamatergic inputs to the RVLM, the ION-CCI group (n = 5, p < 0.05) showed an increase in glutamate content and expression of glutaminase 2, vesicular glutamate transporter 2 proteins, and c-fos. Our results suggest that enhancement in tonically active glutamatergic inputs to the RVLM contributes to neuropathic pain-induced high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and SICU, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zui Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ru-Wen Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chang-Zhen Ren
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xue-Ya Yao
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province 075000, China
| | - Cheng-Bao Li
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province 075000, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wang
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xue-Yin Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and SICU, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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11
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Yan JQ, Huang F, Hao F, Su XL, Meng Q, Xu MJ. Oxidative Stress in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Contributes To Cardiovascular Regulation in Preeclampsia. Front Physiol 2017; 8:772. [PMID: 29085302 PMCID: PMC5649191 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been demonstrated that preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific hypertension disorder, is characterized by high blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic overactivity. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key region for controlling sympathetic tone, has been reported to contribute to high level of BP and sympathetic outflow. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of the RVLM ROS in mediating the preeclampsia-associated cardiovascular dysfunction. Methods: The animal model of preeclampsia was produced by administration of desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) to pregnant rats. Results: Compared with normal pregnant rats without DOCA treatment (NP), the protein concentration and norepinephrine excretion in 24-h urine, as well as BP in pregnant rats with DOCA treatment (PDS) were significantly increased. The levels of superoxide anion and the protein expression of NADPH oxidase subtype (NOX4) in the RVLM were significantly increased in PDS than in NP groups. Furthermore, microinjection of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic Tempol (5 nmol) into the RVLM significantly decreased BP, heart rate, and renal sympathetic never activity in PDS but not in NP group. Conclusion: The present data suggest that high BP and sympathetic overactivity in preeclampsia rats is associated with increased oxidative stress in the RVLM via upregulation of NOX4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Qiong Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Geriatics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Juan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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12
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The Cardiovascular Effect of Systemic Homocysteine Is Associated with Oxidative Stress in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:3256325. [PMID: 29098089 PMCID: PMC5643037 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3256325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that homocysteine (HCY) is a significant risk factor of hypertension, which is characterized by overactivity of sympathetic tone. Excessive oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key region for control of sympathetic outflow, contributes to sympathetic hyperactivity in hypertension. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to determine the effect of systemic HCY on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the RVLM. In the rat model of the diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (L-methionine, 1 g/kg/day, 8 weeks), we found that the HCY resulted in a significant increase (≈3.7-fold, P < 0.05) in ROS production in the RVLM, which was paralleled with enhanced sympathetic tone and blood pressure (BP). Compared to the vehicle group, levels of BP and basal renal sympathetic nerve activity in the HCY group were significantly (P < 0.05, n = 5) increased by an average of 27 mmHg and 31%, respectively. Furthermore, the rats treated with L-methionine (1 g/kg/day, 8 weeks) showed an upregulation of NADPHase (NOX4) protein expression and a downregulation of superoxide dismutase protein expression in the RVLM. The current data suggest that central oxidative stress induced by systemic HCY plays an important role in hypertension-associated sympathetic overactivity.
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13
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The asymmetric dimethylarginine-mediated inhibition of nitric oxide in the rostral ventrolateral medulla contributes to regulation of blood pressure in hypertensive rats. Nitric Oxide 2017; 67:58-67. [PMID: 28392446 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the central control of cardiovascular activity. The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) has been recognized as a pivotal region for maintaining basal blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic tone. It is reported that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), characterized as a cardiovascular risk marker, is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. The present was designed to determine the role of ADMA in the RVLM in the central control of BP in hypertensive rats. In Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, microinjection of ADMA into the RVLM dose-dependently increased BP, heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic never activity (RSNA), but also reduced total NO production in the RVLM. In central angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), the level of ADMA in the RVLM was increased and total NO production was decreased significantly, compared with SD rats treated vehicle infusion and WKY rats, respectively. These hypertensive rats also showed an increased protein level of protein arginine methyltransferases1 (PRMT1, which generates ADMA) and a decreased expression level of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases 1 (DDAH1, which degrades ADMA) in the RVLM. Furthermore, increased AMDA content and PRMT1 expression, and decreased levels of total NO production and DDAH1 expression in the RVLM in SHR were blunted by intracisternal infusion of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker losartan. The current data indicate that the ADMA-mediated NO inhibition in the RVLM plays a critical role in involving in the central regulation of BP in hypertension, which may be associated with increased Ang II.
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14
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Tan X, Jiao PL, Wang YK, Wu ZT, Zeng XR, Li ML, Wang WZ. The phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling is involved in neuroinflammation in hypertensive rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:350-359. [PMID: 28191736 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS It has been demonstrated that neuroinflammation is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. The phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key region for sympathetic outflow, is upregulated and contributes to increased blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic outflow in hypertension. This study was designed to determine the role of the PI3K signaling in neuroinflammation in the RVLM of hypertension. METHODS The normotensive WKY rats were performed by intracisternal infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or angiotensin II (Ang II) for inducing neuroinflammation. Elisa was used to determine the level of proinflammatory cytokines. Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression of PI3K signaling pathway. Gene silencing of PI3K p110δ subunit and overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) were realized by injecting related lentivirus into the RVLM. RESULTS In the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the PI3K signaling in the RVLM was upregulated compared with WKY, gene silencing of PI3K in the RVLM significantly reduced BP and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), but also decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. In the WKY rats, central infusion of LPS and Ang II significantly elevated BP and RSNA, but also increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and PI3K signaling activation in the RVLM. These changes in the Ang II-induced hypertension were effectively prevented by gene silencing of PI3K in the RVLM. Furthermore, overexpression of ACE2 in the RVLM significantly attenuated high BP and neuroinflammation, as well as decreased the activation of PI3K signaling in hypertensive rats. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the PI3K signaling in the RVLM is involved in neuroinflammation in hypertension and plays an important role in the renin-angiotensin system-mediated changes in neuroinflammation in the RVLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Tan
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Lei Jiao
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Tang Wu
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Medical Research, West-South Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Miao-Ling Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Medical Research, West-South Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Keller B, García-Sevilla JA. Inhibitory effects of imidazoline receptor ligands on basal and kainic acid-induced neurotoxic signalling in mice. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:875-86. [PMID: 27302941 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116652579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This in vivo study assessed the potential of the imidazoline receptor (IR) ligands moxonidine (selective I1-IR), BU224 (selective I2-IR) and LSL61122 (mixed I1/I2-IR) to dampen excitotoxic signalling induced by kainic acid (KA; 45 mg/kg) in the mouse brain (hippocampus and cerebral cortex). KA triggered a strong behavioural syndrome (seizures; maximal at 60-90 minutes) and sustained stimulation (at 72 hours with otherwise normal mouse behaviour) of pro-apoptotic c-Jun-N-terminal kinases (JNK) and calpain with increased cleavage of p35 into neurotoxic p25 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5 [Cdk5] activators) in mouse hippocampus. Pretreatment (five days) with LSL61122 (10 mg/kg), but not moxonidine (1 mg/kg) or BU224 (20 mg/kg), attenuated the KA-induced behavioural syndrome, and all three IR ligands inhibited JNK and calpain activation, as well as p35/p25 cleavage after KA in the hippocampus (effects also observed after acute IR drug treatments). Efaroxan (I1-IR, 10 mg/kg) and idazoxan (I2-IR, 10 mg/kg), postulated IR antagonists, did not antagonise the effects of moxonidine and LSL61122 on KA targets (these IR ligands showed agonistic properties inhibiting pro-apoptotic JNK). Brain subcellular preparations revealed reduced synaptosomal postsynaptic density-95 protein contents (a mediator of JNK activation) and indicated increased p35/Cdk5 complexes (with pro-survival functions) after treatment with moxonidine, BU224 and LSL61122. These results showed that I1- and I2-IR ligands (moxonidine and BU224), and especially the mixed I1/I2-IR ligand LSL61122, are partly neuroprotective against KA-induced excitotoxic signalling. These findings suggest a therapeutic potential of IR drugs in disorders associated with glutamate-mediated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Keller
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, IUNICS-IdISPa, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, IUNICS-IdISPa, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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