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Guerra C, Kalaitsidou M, Kueberuwa G, Hawkins R, Edmondson R. Engineering strategies to optimise adoptive cell therapy in ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 121:102632. [PMID: 37837788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is amongst the ten most common cancer types in women, and it is one of the leading causes of death. Despite the promising results of targeted therapies, including anti-angiogenic agents and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), the majority of patients will relapse and develop treatment resistance, implying that novel therapeutic strategies are required. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) refers to the process by which autologous immune cells are used to eliminate cancer. Examples include tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T cells genetically engineered with T cell receptors (TCR), or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. Recently, ACT has revealed promising results in the treatment of haematological malignancies, however, its application to solid tumours is still limited due to lack of functionality and persistence of T cells, prevalence of an exhausted phenotype and impaired trafficking towards the tumour microenvironment (TME). In this review we explore the potential of ACT for the treatment of ovarian cancer and strategies to overcome its principal limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Guerra
- InstilBio UK, 48 Grafton St, Manchester M13 9XX, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Milena Kalaitsidou
- InstilBio UK, 48 Grafton St, Manchester M13 9XX, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Gray Kueberuwa
- InstilBio UK, 48 Grafton St, Manchester M13 9XX, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Robert Hawkins
- InstilBio UK, 48 Grafton St, Manchester M13 9XX, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard Edmondson
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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2
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Mirza MR, Coleman RL, González-Martín A, Moore KN, Colombo N, Ray-Coquard I, Pignata S. The forefront of ovarian cancer therapy: update on PARP inhibitors. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:1148-1159. [PMID: 32569725 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recurrent ovarian cancer, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-inhibiting agents have transformed the treatment of platinum-sensitive disease. New data support use of PARP inhibitors earlier in the treatment algorithm. DESIGN We review results from recent phase III trials evaluating PARP inhibitors as treatment and/or maintenance therapy for patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. We discuss the efficacy and safety of these agents in the all-comer and biomarker-selected populations studied in clinical trials, and compare the strengths and limitations of the various trial designs. We also consider priorities for future research, with a particular focus on patient selection and future regimens for populations with high unmet need. RESULTS Four phase III trials (SOLO-1, PAOLA-1/ENGOT-OV25, PRIMA/ENGOT-OV26 and VELIA/GOG-3005) demonstrated remarkable improvements in progression-free survival with PARP inhibitor therapy (olaparib, niraparib or veliparib) for newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. Differences in trial design (treatment and/or maintenance setting; single agent or combination; bevacizumab or no bevacizumab), patient selection (surgical outcome, biomarker eligibility, prognosis) and primary analysis population (intention-to-treat, BRCA mutated or homologous recombination deficiency positive) affect the conclusions that can be drawn from these trials. Overall survival data are pending and there is limited experience regarding long-term safety. CONCLUSIONS PARP inhibitors play a pivotal role in the management of newly diagnosed ovarian cancer, which will affect subsequent treatment choices. Refinement of testing for patient selection and identification of regimens to treat populations that appear to benefit less from PARP inhibitors are a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Mirza
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - R L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A González-Martín
- Medical Oncology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - K N Moore
- Stephenson Cancer Center at the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - N Colombo
- Division of Medical Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - I Ray-Coquard
- Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - S Pignata
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
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Nakamura K, Aimono E, Tanishima S, Imai M, Nagatsuma AK, Hayashi H, Yoshimura Y, Nakayama K, Kyo S, Nishihara H. Intratumoral Genomic Heterogeneity May Hinder Precision Medicine Strategies in Patients with Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10040200. [PMID: 32260152 PMCID: PMC7235797 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine, which includes comprehensive genome sequencing, is a potential therapeutic option for treating high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). However, HGSC is a heterogeneous tumor at the architectural, cellular, and molecular levels. Intratumoral molecular heterogeneity currently limits the precision of medical strategies based on the gene mutation status. This study was carried out to analyze the presence of 160 cancer-related genetic alterations in three tissue regions with different pathological features in a patient with HGSC. The patient exhibited histological heterogeneous features with different degrees of large atypical cells and desmoplastic reactions. TP53 mutation, ERBB2 and KRAS amplification, and WT1, CDH1, and KDM6A loss were detected as actionable gene alterations. Interestingly, the ERBB2 and KRAS amplification status gradually changed according to the region examined. The difference was consistent with the differences in pathological features. Our results demonstrate the need for sampling of the appropriate tissue region showing progression of pathological features for molecular analysis to solve issues related to tumor heterogeneity prior to developing precision oncology strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nakamura
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (E.A.); (M.I.); (A.K.N.); (H.H.); (H.N.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kumagaya General Hospital, Saitama 360-8657, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3353-1211; Fax: +81-3-5315-4374
| | - Eriko Aimono
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (E.A.); (M.I.); (A.K.N.); (H.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Shigeki Tanishima
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Kansai Division, Mitsubishi Space Software Co., Ltd, Tokyo 661-0001, Japan;
| | - Mitsuho Imai
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (E.A.); (M.I.); (A.K.N.); (H.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Akiko Kawano Nagatsuma
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (E.A.); (M.I.); (A.K.N.); (H.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Hideyuki Hayashi
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (E.A.); (M.I.); (A.K.N.); (H.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Yuki Yoshimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Enyacho 89-1, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Kentaro Nakayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Enyacho 89-1, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Satoru Kyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Enyacho 89-1, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (E.A.); (M.I.); (A.K.N.); (H.H.); (H.N.)
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Mukhopadhyay A, Drew Y, Matheson E, Salehan M, Gentles L, Pachter JA, Curtin NJ. Evaluating the potential of kinase inhibitors to suppress DNA repair and sensitise ovarian cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 167:125-132. [PMID: 30342021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) represent a major advance in the treatment of ovarian cancer associated with defects in homologous recombination DNA repair (HRR), primarily due to mutations in BRCA genes. Imatinib and PI3K inhibitors are reported to downregulate HRR and, in some cases, sensitise cells to PARPi. We investigated the ability of imatinib, and the PI3K inhibitors: NVP-BEZ235 and VS-5584, to downregulate HRR and sensitise paired ovarian cancer cells with mutant and reconstituted BRCA1 to the PARPi, olaparib and rucaparib. Olaparib and imatinib combinations were also measured in primary cultures of ovarian cancer. NVP-BEZ235 and imatinib reduced RAD51 levels and focus formation (an indication of HRR function), but VS-5584 did not. In colony-forming assays none of the inhibitors sensitised cells to PARPi cytotoxicity, in fact there was a mild protective effect. These conflicting data were resolved by the observation that the kinase inhibitors reduced the S-phase fraction, when HRR proteins are at their peak and cells are sensitive to PARPi cytotoxicity. In contrast, in primary cultures in 96-well plate assays, imatinib did increase olaparib-induced growth inhibition. However, in one primary culture that could be used in colony-formation cytotoxicity assays, imatinib protected from olaparib cytotoxicity. The kinase inhibitors protect from PARPi cytotoxicity by arresting cell growth, but this may be interpreted as synergy on the basis of 96-well cell growth assays. We urge caution before combining these drugs clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asima Mukhopadhyay
- Northern Institute of Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Tata Medical Center and Tata Translational Cancer Research Center, 14 MAR, Rajarhat, Kolkata, India
| | - Yvette Drew
- Northern Institute of Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Matheson
- Northern Institute of Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mo Salehan
- Northern Institute of Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Lucy Gentles
- Northern Institute of Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | - Nicola J Curtin
- Northern Institute of Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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Gentles L, Goranov B, Matheson E, Herriott A, Kaufmann A, Hall S, Mukhopadhyay A, Drew Y, Curtin NJ, O'Donnell RL. Exploring the Frequency of Homologous Recombination DNA Repair Dysfunction in Multiple Cancer Types. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030354. [PMID: 30871186 PMCID: PMC6468835 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional homologous recombination DNA repair (HRR), frequently due to BRCA mutations, is a determinant of sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). In cultures of ovarian cancer cells, we have previously shown that HRR function, based upon RAD51 foci quantification, correlated with growth inhibition ex vivo induced by rucaparib (a PARPi) and 12-month survival following platinum chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of measuring HRR dysfunction (HRD) in other tumours, in order to estimate the frequency and hence wider potential of PARPi. A total of 24 cultures were established from ascites sampled from 27 patients with colorectal, upper gastrointestinal, pancreatic, hepatobiliary, breast, mesothelioma, and non-epithelial ovarian cancers; 8 were HRD. Cell growth following continuous exposure to 10 μM of rucaparib was lower in HRD cultures compared to HRR-competent (HRC) cultures. Overall survival in the 10 patients who received platinum-based therapy was marginally higher in the 3 with HRD ascites (median overall survival of 17 months, range 10 to 90) compared to the 7 patients with HRC ascites (nine months, range 1 to 55). HRR functional assessment in primary cultures, from several tumour types, revealed that a third are HRD, justifying the further exploration of PARPi therapy in a broader range of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Gentles
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Bojidar Goranov
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Matheson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Ashleigh Herriott
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Angelika Kaufmann
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Northern Gynecological Oncology Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sherriff Hill, Gateshead NE9 6SX, UK.
| | - Sally Hall
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK.
| | - Asima Mukhopadhyay
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (E-W), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700 160, India.
| | - Yvette Drew
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK.
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Rachel L O'Donnell
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK. rachel.o'
- Northern Gynecological Oncology Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sherriff Hill, Gateshead NE9 6SX, UK. rachel.o'
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Tumiati M, Hietanen S, Hynninen J, Pietilä E, Färkkilä A, Kaipio K, Roering P, Huhtinen K, Alkodsi A, Li Y, Lehtonen R, Erkan EP, Tuominen MM, Lehti K, Hautaniemi SK, Vähärautio A, Grénman S, Carpén O, Kauppi L. A Functional Homologous Recombination Assay Predicts Primary Chemotherapy Response and Long-Term Survival in Ovarian Cancer Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4482-4493. [PMID: 29858219 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) correlates with platinum sensitivity in patients with ovarian cancer, which clinically is the most useful predictor of sensitivity to PARPi. To date, there are no reliable diagnostic tools to anticipate response to platinum-based chemotherapy, thus we aimed to develop an ex vivo functional HRD detection test that could predict both platinum-sensitivity and patient eligibility to targeted drug treatments.Experimental Design: We obtained a functional HR score by quantifying homologous recombination (HR) repair after ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage in primary ovarian cancer samples (n = 32). Samples clustered in 3 categories: HR-deficient, HR-low, and HR-proficient. We analyzed the HR score association with platinum sensitivity and treatment response, platinum-free interval (PFI) and overall survival (OS), and compared it with other clinical parameters. In parallel, we performed DNA-sequencing of HR genes to assess if functional HRD can be predicted by currently offered genetic screening.Results: Low HR scores predicted primary platinum sensitivity with high statistical significance (P = 0.0103), associated with longer PFI (HR-deficient vs. HR-proficient: 531 vs. 53 days), and significantly correlated with improved OS (HR score <35 vs. ≥35, hazard ratio = 0.08, P = 0.0116). At the genomic level, we identified a few unclear mutations in HR genes and the mutational signature associated with HRD, but, overall, genetic screening failed to predict functional HRD.Conclusions: We developed an ex vivo assay that detects tumor functional HRD and an HR score able to predict platinum sensitivity, which holds the clinically relevant potential to become the routine companion diagnostic in the management of patients with ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4482-93. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Tumiati
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sakari Hietanen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Hynninen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Pietilä
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katja Kaipio
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Pia Roering
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Kaisa Huhtinen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Amjad Alkodsi
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yilin Li
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Lehtonen
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erdogan Pekcan Erkan
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna M Tuominen
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sampsa K Hautaniemi
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Vähärautio
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seija Grénman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Liisa Kauppi
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Wang Y, Li H. Identification of proteins associated with paclitaxel resistance of epithelial ovarian cancer using iTRAQ-based proteomics. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9793-9801. [PMID: 29928353 PMCID: PMC6004651 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an important adjuvant therapy for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The main cause of chemotherapy failure in EOC is paclitaxel resistance. The present study aimed to identify novel biomarkers to predict chemosensitivity to paclitaxel and improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying paclitaxel resistance in EOC. In the present study, the heterogeneity of EOC was evaluated by adenosine triphosphate-tumor chemosensitivity assay (ATP-TCA) in vitro. Fresh samples were collected from 54 EOC cases during cytoreductive surgery. Tumor cells were isolated, cultured, and tested for sensitivity to paclitaxel. Proteins that were differentially expressed between paclitaxel-resistant tissues and paclitaxel-sensitive tissues were identified via isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis. Two upregulated proteins, plexin domain containing 2 (Plxdc2) and cytokeratin 7 (CK7), were selected to verify the iTRAQ method using western blot analysis in EOC tissues with different chemosensitivities (sensitive, weakly sensitive and resistant). There was notable heterogeneity of chemosensitivity in the EOC specimens. Highly to mildly-differentiated or early-stage (I/II) EOC specimens had decreased sensitivity to paclitaxel compared with specimens with low differentiation (P<0.05) or an advanced stage (III; P<0.05), respectively. A total of 496 significantly differentially expressed proteins, including 263 that were downregulated (P<0.05) and 233 that were upregulated (P<0.05) in paclitaxel-resistant tissues compared with paclitaxel-sensitive tissues, were identified using iTRAQ in combination with LC-MS/MS. The expression levels of two proteins associated with paclitaxel resistance, Plxdc2 and CK7, were further validated by western blotting, which revealed that they were upregulated in the paclitaxel-resistant tissues. The present study determined candidate proteins associated with paclitaxel resistance in EOC. Plxdc2 and CK7 may be potential makers for distinguishing patients with paclitaxel-resistant EOC from those with paclitaxel-sensitive EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
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Long-Term Responders on Olaparib Maintenance in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Clinical and Molecular Characterization. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4086-4094. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Williams DT, Staples CJ. Approaches for Identifying Novel Targets in Precision Medicine: Lessons from DNA Repair. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1007:1-16. [PMID: 28840549 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60733-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genome stability is maintained by a number of elegant mechanisms, which sense and repair damaged DNA. Germline defects that compromise genomic integrity result in cancer predisposition, exemplified by rare syndromes caused by mutations in certain DNA repair genes. These individuals often exhibit other symptoms including progeria and neurodegeneration. Paradoxically, some of these deleterious genetic alterations provide novel therapeutic opportunities to target cancer cells; an excellent example of such an approach being the recent development of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors as the first 'synthetic lethal' medicine for patients with BRCA-mutant cancers. The therapeutic exploitation of synthetic lethal interactions has enabled a novel approach to personalised medicine based on continued molecular profiling of patient and tumour material. This profiling may also aid clinicians in the identification of specific drug resistance mechanisms following relapse, and enable appropriate modification of the therapeutic regimen. This chapter focuses on therapeutic strategies designed to target aspects of the DNA damage response, and examines emerging themes demonstrating mechanistic overlap between DNA repair and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean T Williams
- School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG, UK.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor, LL57 2PW, UK
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