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Lu JE, Ross C, Ivanov A, Hall N, Lorch A, Miller J, Yoon MK. Epidemiology of Orbital Inflammatory Disease: An AAO IRIS Registry Study. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024:1-4. [PMID: 38489590 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2024.2322013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study queries the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS) registry for data on the epidemiology, work-up, and management patterns of autoimmune orbital inflammation. METHODS Analysis and description of patient data from the IRIS registry between 2013 and 2019 reviewing patients with autoimmune or idiopathic orbital inflammation with filters based on International Classification of Disease (ICD) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Patients with thyroid eye disease, orbital cellulitis, and orbital abscess were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Demographic descriptions included gender, age, geographic region, and treatment. Sub-analysis was performed by assessing rates of imaging, biopsy, lab work-up, and diagnostic categories. RESULTS In a final cohort of 20,584 patients, the mean age of onset of orbital inflammation was 51.7 years; 67% female; and 63% Caucasian, 21% unknown, 12% Black, 2.6% Asian, and 1.5% other. Only 49 had imaging, 78 had laboratory work-up, and 1,411 had biopsy codes. Treatment results showed 166 patients receiving antibiotics, 224 patients receiving steroids, and 35 patients receiving both. CONCLUSIONS This study assessed the epidemiology, diagnostic patterns, and treatment patterns for orbital inflammation through the AAO IRIS registry. Practise patterns suggest a relatively low overall rate of imaging and laboratory studies compared to biopsies, although this certainly under-represents the actual number of imaging and laboratory studies and exemplifies the inherent imprecision of using a large database. However, the methodology of this study provides a framework of approaching the IRIS registry for oculoplastic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Connor Ross
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Ivanov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan Hall
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alice Lorch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joan Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael K Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ang T, Juniat V, Selva D. Autoimmune markers in screening for orbital inflammatory disease. Eye (Lond) 2022; 37:1088-1093. [PMID: 35440697 PMCID: PMC10102185 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunogenic causes of inflammation may be difficult to differentiate in the work-up of orbital inflammatory disease. The study aims to investigate the utility of autoimmune markers in the screening for orbital inflammation. Markers studied included angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA), extractable nuclear antigen (ENA), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (Anti-CCP) and anti-double stranded DNA antibody (Anti-dsDNA antibody). METHODS A retrospective single-centre study of consecutive patients with non-infective orbital inflammation screened for autoimmune markers at presentation. Serology was interpreted alongside clinical course and other investigations (e.g. radiographic features and histopathology). Tabulated data and Pearson's Chi-square allowed analysis of trends between serology, diagnosis and the decision to biopsy. RESULTS 79 patients, between 1999 and 2021, were included (50 females, mean age was 50.4 ± 17.4 years). 28 (34.6%) patients had specific orbital inflammation and 53 (65.4%) patients had non-specific orbital inflammation (NSOI). Of the 12 patients with positive serology and a specific diagnosis, only 5 (41.7%) patients had concordant serological results. There was no association between serology results and the patient undergoing biopsy (P = 0.651). Serology was unable to exclude nor differentiate NSOI from other specific conditions and ANA had limited discriminatory value between specific conditions and NSOI. CONCLUSION Serological testing alone may not provide a clear direction for further investigation of orbital inflammation and a biopsy may occur independently of the serological results. The value of autoimmune markers may lie in subsequent follow-up as patients may develop suggestive symptoms after an indeterminate positive result or initially seronegative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Ang
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Valerie Juniat
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Mansfield Smith SC, Clare G, Jones RB. Pregnancy following rituximab for orbital eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:iii57-iii59. [PMID: 34137878 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja C Mansfield Smith
- Department of Ophthamology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gerry Clare
- Department of Ophthamology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel B Jones
- Vasculitis and Lupus Unit, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Escaping from the hunt. Surv Ophthalmol 2020; 66:1065-1069. [PMID: 33129799 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 69-year-old woman presented with chronic, painful, progressive binocular diplopia. Examination showed deficits in multiple sequential cranial nerves (II, III, IV, V1,2,3, and VI). She was initially diagnosed with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and had a partial response to systemic corticosteroids. Skull base biopsy eventually showed poorly differentiated carcinoma consistent with perineural spread of squamous cell carcinoma.
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Mombaerts I, Ramberg I, Coupland SE, Heegaard S. Diagnosis of orbital mass lesions: clinical, radiological, and pathological recommendations. Surv Ophthalmol 2019; 64:741-756. [PMID: 31276737 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The orbit can harbor mass lesions of various cellular origins. The symptoms vary considerably according to the nature, location, and extent of the disease and include common signs of proptosis, globe displacement, eyelid swelling, and restricted eye motility. Although radiological imaging tools are improving, with each imaging pattern having its own differential diagnosis, orbital mass lesions often pose a diagnostic challenge. To provide an accurate, specific, and sufficiently comprehensive diagnosis, to optimize clinical management and estimate prognosis, pathological examination of a tissue biopsy is essential. Diagnostic orbital tissue biopsy is obtained through a minimally invasive orbitotomy procedure or, in selected cases, fine needle aspiration. The outcome of successful biopsy, however, is centered on its representativeness, processing, and interpretation. Owing to the often small volume of the orbital biopsies, artifacts in the specimens should be limited by careful peroperative tissue handling, fixation, processing, and storage. Some orbital lesions can be characterized on the basis of cytomorphology alone, whereas others need ancillary molecular testing to render the most reliable diagnosis of therapeutic, prognostic, and predictive value. Herein, we review the diagnostic algorithm for orbital mass lesions, using clinical, radiological, and pathological recommendations, and discuss the methods and potential pitfalls in orbital tissue biopsy acquisition and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Mombaerts
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ingvild Ramberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Eye Pathology, Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Eye Pathology, Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ferreira TA, Saraiva P, Genders SW, Buchem MV, Luyten GPM, Beenakker JW. CT and MR imaging of orbital inflammation. Neuroradiology 2018; 60:1253-1266. [PMID: 30310941 PMCID: PMC6244997 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-018-2103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Orbital inflammation can be idiopathic or in the context of a specific disease and it can involve different anatomical orbital structures. On imaging, inflammatory disease is frequently mistaken for infection and malignant tumors, and its underlying cause is often not determined. Through this article we aim to improve orbital inflammation diagnosis and underlying inflammatory diseases recognition. METHODS The imaging protocols and characteristics of orbital inflammation were reviewed. RESULTS A decision tree for the evaluation of these patients is provided. First, a combination of clinical and radiological clues is used to recognize inflammation, in particular to differentiate it both from orbital infection and tumor. Subsequently, different radiological patterns are recognized, often allowing the differentiation of the several orbital inflammatory diseases. CONCLUSION The use of adequate imaging protocols and subsequent evaluation allow the recognition of an orbital lesion as inflammatory and the diagnosis of the underlying inflammatory disease. All in all, a proper treatment can be established, and at times, a biopsy can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Ferreira
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - P Saraiva
- Department of Radiology, Hospital da Luz, Estrada Nacional 10, km 37, 2900-722, Setubal, Portugal
| | - S W Genders
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M V Buchem
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G P M Luyten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J-W Beenakker
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, C.J.Gorter Center for High-field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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