Risk of Sharps Injuries to Home Care Nurses and Aides: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Effectiveness of Intervention to Reduce Blood-Borne Pathogen Exposure Incidents in Healthcare Workers in the Largest Clinical Setting in Slovenia

Aim

Aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of intensified organised training programmes introduced in 2016 and 2017 for raising awareness of the problem of blood-borne incidents (BBIs), the objective was to analyse the incidence of reported BBIs (RBBI) over a 15-year period in different groups of healthcare workers (HCWs) employed at the University Medical Centre in Ljubljana (UMCL).

Methods

All UMCL incidents that occurred and were reported from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2022 were included in the study. The entire period was divided into two observation periods, 2008-2017 and 2017-2022. For testing a linear trend, whenever applicable a piecewise/segmented linear regression was applied, with the year 2017 as a break-point.

Results

In the 2008-2017 period, the trend of annual incidence risk was mostly on the increase. The increase was statistically significant in medical doctors (MDs) and dental medicine doctors (DMDs) (p<0.001) as well as in other occupational groups (p=0.015). In the 2017-2022 period, the decrease was statistically significant in females (p=0.011), in MDs and DMDs (p=0.007), in nurses (p=0.021) and in HCWs in the Surgery Division (p=0.023).

Conclusion

The results of the present study suggest that measures introduced in the UMCL were partially effective. The findings could serve as a basis for the development of improved programmes for better prevention, reporting and reducing the consequences of blood-borne pathogen exposure incidents among HCWs not only in Slovenia, but also worldwide.

The Safe Home Care Intervention Study: Implementation Methods and Effectiveness Evaluation

Home care (HC) aides experience numerous safety hazards in clients' homes; many hazards also put clients at risk. We hypothesized that safety coaching led by nurse managers (NMs) during their initial HC needs assessment could prompt clients to improve safety conditions in their homes. Following a 2-arm proof-of-concept intervention study design, intervention NMs used motivational interviewing (MI), facilitated by a safety handbook and video, to coach clients on home safety improvements. Control arm NMs performed intake assessments with no changes to usual practices. Intervention effectiveness was assessed by NMs and aides. Three HC agencies and two elder services contributed 35 intervention and 23 control homes. NMs coached 97% of clients and reported that 94% were engaged; 63% implemented improvements. NMs' and aides' assessments were consistent; homes with clients reported by NMs as resistant to safety changes had higher aides' hazard scores. Client coaching can be effective for improving HC safety.

Coaching Home Care Clients to Prepare Their Homes for Safe Care Visits: A Mixed-Methods Study to Evaluate a Nurse-Led Educational Intervention Process

Assuring home care (HC) workers' safety is challenging because the work environment is a private home. This paper presents the process evaluation for a proof-of-concept safety intervention study to assess whether nurse-led safety coaching, using motivational interviewing and a safety handbook, could enable HC clients to improve safety in their homes. The process evaluation objectives were to (i) document the intervention's implementation progress and (ii) assess the intervention's dose delivery, dose reception, and fidelity. Five agencies employing liaisons (n = 5) and nurse managers (NMs, n = 8) implemented this study's intervention and control arms. NMs assigned to the intervention arm (n = 6) coached 34 clients. Process evaluation metrics were assessed with mixed-methods data from (i) surveys completed by NMs during the intervention, (ii) postintervention audio-recorded and transcribed interviews (n = 6) with NMs and liaisons, and (iii) study progress tracking tools. The delivered dose efficiency was 85%, measured by the distribution of safety handbook copies to clients. About 94% of clients (n = 32) were considered "engaged" or "maybe engaged" during the safety coaching. Most coached clients (n = 30) were reachable for follow-up by NMs to assess intervention progress. Despite challenges, the intervention was implemented with good fidelity. Safety coaching can be applied in many HC contexts in larger populations.

Patient safety in home health care: a grounded theory study

BACKGROUND

The home environment is designed for living, not for professional care. For this reason, safe patient care is one of the most important challenges of home health care. Despite abundant research on safe care, there is still little understanding of safety issues in home care.

DESIGN

The aim of the present study was to explain the process of safe patient care in home health care. A qualitative, grounded theory study was conducted based on the approach proposed by Corbin & Strauss in 2015.

METHOD

In total, 22 interviews were conducted with 16 participants including 9 home care nurses, 2 home care nursing assistants, 1 home care inspector, 1 home care physician and 3 family caregivers in Tehran, Iran. Four observation sessions were conducted in different homes. Purposeful sampling was used followed by theoretical sampling from August 2020-July 2022. Data analysis was carried out based on the approach proposed by Corbin & Strauss in 2015.

RESULTS

The results showed that the healthcare members (nurses, family caregivers, patients and home care centers) used the model of safe patient care in home health care based on four assessment methods, i.e. prevention, foresight, establishment of safety and verification. The core variable in this process is foresight-based care.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study showed that the key to safe patient care in home health care, which helps to maintain patient safety and prevent threats to safe care, is the foresight of healthcare members, which is essential for identifying threats to safe care considering the many risks of home health care.

Aide and Client Safety "Should Go Hand-In-Hand": Qualitative Findings From Home Care Aides, Clients, and Agency Leaders

Retention of the home care (HC) aide workforce is essential to meet the needs of our aging population. Some studies suggest that improving HC safety could increase job retention. This study objective was to explore qualitatively the connection between aide and client safety and factors impacting this care relationship. Data consisted of audio-recorded, verbatim responses to open-ended questions of two focus groups with aides (n = 10), two in-person interviews with HC agency managers, and 37 phone interviews with those working in (aides, n = 16; managers, n = 12) and receiving (clients, n = 9) HC. Clients reported home layout and accessibility as safety concerns. Aides and managers reported that client family members can make the care job more challenging. The aide-client connection was affected by communication style, family and HC agency support, allotted care time, and job task boundaries. Interventions that address the safety of both clients and aides can influence HC job satisfaction and retention.

Healthy Aging Requires a Healthy Home Care Workforce: the Occupational Safety and Health of Home Care Aides

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

To identify important home care (HC) aide occupational safety and health (OSH) hazards and examine how addressing these can improve aide health and the delivery of HC services overall. Specifically, this review seeks to answer: Why is HC aide OSH important? What are the most significant OSH challenges? How can improving HC aide OSH also improve the safety and health of their clients? What implications do the findings have for future research?

RECENT FINDINGS

HC is one of the fastest growing US industries. Aides comprise its largest workforce and are increasingly needed to care for the rapidly aging population. There is an aide shortage due in part to instabilities in HC work organization and to serious job-specific hazards, resulting in aides losing work time. Recent social, economic, and technological factors are rapidly changing the nature of HC work, creating OSH hazards similar to those found in nursing homes. At the same time, aides are experiencing social and economic inequities that increase their vulnerability to OSH hazards. These hazards are also a burden on employers who are challenged to recruit, retain, and train aides. OSH injuries and illness interrupt the continuity of care delivery to clients. Many OSH hazards also put HC clients and families at risk. A new framework and methodologies are needed to assess aide and client safety together in order to guide future HC research, policies, and practices. Government, industry, and labor commitment is needed to fund and coordinate a comprehensive, multidisciplinary research program.

Needlestick Injuries Among Healthcare Workers Administering COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States

As mass COVID-19 vaccination programs roll out across the country, we are potentially faced with compromising workers' health for the sake of the broader public health, as it relates to occupational exposure to contaminated needles and syringes. We have the opportunity to provide recommendations that advance protection of workers through the industrial hygiene hierarchy of controls, especially in light of the twentieth anniversary of the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act. Specifically, greater focus on institutional controls that can dictate the safety culture and climate of institutions that roll out COVID-19 vaccination programs, while maintaining careful focus on preventing sharps injuries and blood exposure. In addition, we provide suggestions for the role that engineering controls, such as devices with sharps injury prevention features play in protecting workers from exposure to bloodborne pathogens, as well as the importance of ongoing injury incident surveillance.