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Ravinskaya M, Verbeek JH, Langendam M, Daams JG, Hulshof CTJ, Hoving JL. Intermethod agreement of self-reports compared to register data collection for return to work and sickness absence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 2024; 165:111209. [PMID: 37931821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the intermethod agreement of self-reported vs. register data of 'sickness absence' (SA) and 'return to work' (RTW) outcome measurements. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies reporting mean differences (MDs) and sensitivity and specificity for self-report vs. register data and an inductive analysis of the self-report question formulations. An information specialist searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO for studies published from inception to November 2022. Screening and data extraction was done by two authors independently. RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included of which eighteen with an overall high risk of bias. Self-reports had a pooled MD of 1.84 SA days (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26-3.41, I2 98%, 18 studies, 38,716 participants) compared to registries which varied among studies from 204 more to 17 days less. The median average sick leave in studies in the self-report group was 8 days (interquartile range 4-23 days). Being absent from work measured with self-report had a sensitivity of 0.83 (0.76-0.88 95% CI) and a specificity of 0.92 (0.88-0.94 95% CI) compared to registry data. The high heterogeneity amongst the studies could not be explained by recall time, gender, register type, prospective or retrospective self-reports, health problem, SA at baseline or risk of bias. Studies lacked standard outcome reporting, had unclearly formulated questions in self-reports and there was little information on the registers' quality. CONCLUSION Current self-reports may differ from register-based absence data but in an inconsistent way. Due to inconsistency and high risk of bias the evidence is judged to be of very low certainty. Further research is needed to develop clear standard questions which can be used for SA and RTW self-reports. Quality of registers needs to be better evaluated. Percentage positive and negative agreement, MDs and 2 × 2 tables should be reported for studies investigating agreement between SA and RTW outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Ravinskaya
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Cochrane Work, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos H Verbeek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Cochrane Work, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Langendam
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G Daams
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Cochrane Work, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel T J Hulshof
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan L Hoving
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Cochrane Work, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Senthanar S, Koehoorn M, Tamburic L, Premji S, Bültmann U, McLeod CB. Differences in Modified-Return-to-Work by Immigration Characteristics Among a Cohort of Workers in British Columbia, Canada. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:341-351. [PMID: 36308629 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction To investigate differences in modified-return-to work (MRTW) within the first 30 days of a work-related, short-term disability injury by immigration characteristics. This question was part of a program of research investigating differences in work and health experiences among immigrant workers and explanations for longer work disability durations. Methods Workers' compensation claims, immigration records and medical registry data were linked to identify a sample of workers in British Columbia, Canada with a short-term disability claim for a work-related back strain, concussion, limb fracture or connective tissue injury occurring between 2009 and 2015. Multivariable logistic regressions, stratified by injury type, investigated the odds of MRTW, defined as at least one day within the first 30 days on claim, associated with immigration characteristics, defined as a Canadian-born worker versus a worker who immigrated via the economic, family member or refugee/other humanitarian classification. Results Immigrant workers who arrived to Canada as a family member or as a refugee/other immigrant had a reduced odds of MRTW within the first 30 days of work disability for a back strain, concussion and limb fracture, compared to Canadian-born workers. Differences in MRTW were not observed for immigrant workers who arrived to Canada via the economic classification, or for connective tissue injuries. Conclusion The persistent and consistent finding of reduced MRTW for the same injury for different immigration classifications highlights contexts (work, health, social, language) that disadvantage some immigrants upon arrival to Canada and that persist over time even after entry into the workforce, including barriers to MRTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Senthanar
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Mieke Koehoorn
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lillian Tamburic
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher B McLeod
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Bohatko-Naismith J, McCormack L, Weerasekara I, James D, Marley J. Health screening questionnaires used in the management of mental distress acquired during an injured worker’s return to work: A scoping review. Work 2022; 72:75-90. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mental distress is often endured by injured workers participating in the rehabilitation or return to work process following a physical injury. Delays in detecting the onset and treating mental distress can lead to a diverse range of cognitive and behavioural changes that may precipitate psychological distress such as anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this scoping review was to provide an overview of existing health questionnaires utilised by health care providers and affiliated researchers. It reviewed their effectiveness and suitability to detect mental distress endured by injured workers engaged in the return to work process. METHODS: A scoping review methodology was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley framework which examined peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and March 2020 comprising health questionnaires. Database searches included Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO combining specific MeSH terms and key words. RESULTS: The full search identified 3168 articles. Following full screening a total of 164 articles reviewed the use of health questionnaires and specific criteria to determine their suitability. Most of the health questionnaires reviewed were used as screening measures for identifying both work and non-work-related psychological hazards. However, they were found to be limited in their application when considering all potential predictors of delayed return to work such as poor or stressful interactions with stakeholders, financial stress and the injured workers experience of the RTW process. CONCLUSION: Earlier identification of mental distress using an optimal MHSQ followed by appropriate intervention will reduce the risk of psychological injury becoming cumulative on a physical workplace injury. Without such complications, early return to work can be achieved with significant cost saving to the economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bohatko-Naismith
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Lynne McCormack
- School of Psychology, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ishanka Weerasekara
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Daphne James
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Marley
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Jansen J, van Ooijen R, Koning PWC, Boot CRL, Brouwer S. The Role of the Employer in Supporting Work Participation of Workers with Disabilities: A Systematic Literature Review Using an Interdisciplinary Approach. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2021; 31:916-949. [PMID: 33978875 PMCID: PMC8558169 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-021-09978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose There is growing awareness that the employer plays an important role in preventing early labor market exit of workers with poor health. This systematic review aims to explore the employer characteristics associated with work participation of workers with disabilities. An interdisciplinary approach was used to capture relevant characteristics at all organizational levels. Methods To identify relevant longitudinal observational studies, a systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and EconLit. Three key concepts were central to the search: (a) employer characteristics, (b) work participation, including continued employment, return to work and long-term work disability, and (c) chronic diseases. Results The search strategy resulted in 4456 articles. In total 50 articles met the inclusion criteria. We found 14 determinants clustered in four domains: work accommodations, social support, organizational culture and company characteristics. On supervisor level, strong evidence was found for an association between work accommodations and continued employment and return to work. Moderate evidence was found for an association between social support and return to work. On higher organizational level, weak evidence was found for an association between organizational culture and return to work. Inconsistent evidence was found for an association between company characteristics and the three work outcomes. Conclusions Our review indicates the importance of different employer efforts for work participation of workers with disabilities. Workplace programs aimed at facilitating work accommodations and supervisor support can contribute to the prevention of early labor market exit of workers with poor health. Further research is needed on the influence of organizational culture and company characteristics on work participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jansen
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - R van Ooijen
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P W C Koning
- Department of Economics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C R L Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
PURPOSE The substantial economic burden of work-related injury and illness, borne by workers, employers and social security programmes, is primarily attributed to the durations of work disability among workers whose recovery requires a period of absence from work, with the majority of costs arising from the minority of workers with the longest duration absences. The objective of the Ontario Life After Workplace Injury Study is to describe the long-term health and labour market outcomes of workers disabled by work injury or illness after they are no longer receiving benefits or services from the work disability insurance authority. PARTICIPANTS Workers disabled by a work-related injury or illness were recruited from a sample frame of disability benefit claimants with oversampling of claimants with longer benefit durations. Characteristics of workers, their employers and claimant benefits were obtained from baseline administrative data. Interviews completed at 18 months post injury (T1) and to be completed at 36 months (T2) measure return-to-work and work status; income; physical and mental health; case manager and healthcare provider interactions and employer accommodations supporting return-to-work and sociodemographic characteristics. Of eligible claimants, 40% (1132) participated in the T1 interview, with 96% consenting to participate in the T2 interview. FINDINGS TO DATE Preliminary descriptive analyses of T1 data have been completed. The median age was 50 years and 56% were male. At 18 months following injury, 61% were employed by their at-injury employer, 16% had changed employment and 23% were not working. Past-year prescription opioid use was prevalent (34%), as was past-year cannabis use (31%). Longer duration claimants had poorer function, recovery and health and more adverse labour market outcomes. FUTURE PLANS Multivariate analyses to identify modifiable predictors of adverse health and labour market outcomes and a follow-up survey of 96% of participants consenting to follow-up at 36 months are planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Mustard
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nancy Carnide
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emile Tompa
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Smith
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jetha A, Le Pouésard M, Mustard C, Backman C, Gignac MAM. Getting the Message Right: Evidence-Based Insights to Improve Organizational Return-to-Work Communication Practices. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2021; 31:652-663. [PMID: 33528732 PMCID: PMC8298326 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-021-09961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose There is an absence of evidence-based guidance to support workplace stakeholders in the effective delivery of return-to-work (RTW) messages. Our study examines the specific RTW communication practices and their impact on the management of work disability. Methods Within two large and complex healthcare organizations, semi-structured interviews were conducted with workplace stakeholders (e.g., supervisors, union representatives, disability management professionals and workers' compensation representatives) and workers who had previously experienced sickness absence related to an occupational injury or illness. For workplace stakeholders interview questions asked about their roles and responsibilities in the RTW process, and specific communication strategies and messages that were used at different phases of the RTW process. For worker participants, interview questions explored RTW experiences and the impact of communication on work re-integration. An interpretative descriptive approach was used to inductively examine themes from interviews to create ways of understanding phenomena that yielded applied findings. Results Forty participants were interviewed including workplace stakeholders and workers. Participants frequently described effective RTW communication as messages that were delivered by a workplace stakeholder that included the content required by an injured worker to navigate the organizational disability management process and utilized specific strategies to address the perceived attitudes and perceptions held by an injured worker regarding work re-integration. Workplace stakeholders described five specific communication strategies including relaying messages of support, optimizing the timing of communication, careful word choice, framing messages, and tailoring communication to the injured worker. Conclusion RTW communication is an active process that requires a strategic approach. Effective communication practices represent an important strategy for workplace stakeholders to address the barriers held by injured workers and foster early and sustained RTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jetha
- Institute for Work & Health, 400 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Morgane Le Pouésard
- Institute for Work & Health, 400 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
| | - Cameron Mustard
- Institute for Work & Health, 400 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work & Health, 400 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Shafi R, Colantonio A. Assessing the effectiveness of workplace accommodations in facilitating return to work after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e041581. [PMID: 34011579 PMCID: PMC8137232 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Returning to work and sustaining employment can be a significant challenge for traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors. Within the literature, there is recurring support for the role of workplace accommodations in effective and early return-to-work (RTW). To date, however, there has been a lack of systematic reviews exploring the specific role of workplace accommodations within the context of RTW after TBI. The primary objective of this protocol is to outline the methodological approach that will be undertaken to systematically review the literature and to assess the effectiveness of workplace accommodations in facilitating RTW. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A total of nine databases will be searched systematically using the concepts 'Brain injury,' 'RTW' and 'Job Accommodations.' Study selection will be performed independently by three reviewers, based on predetermined eligibility criteria through two rounds of screening using, first, the title and abstract, followed by a full-text search. Extracted information will include the study's purpose, design, and setting; the data source and type; the severity of TBI and the diagnostic criterion used; a comprehensive description of the intervention provided; the RTW outcome variables and the statistical methods used, etc. The data will be tabulated and narratively synthesised. Systematic review registration: This protocol has been registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As this review intends to use pre-existing published studies hence research ethics board approvals will not be required. Nevertheless, this review will follow the ethical and governance standards in the data management and presentation of results. The findings from this review will potentially be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal (electronically and in print). The results of this review will be presented at both national/international conferences and shared with stakeholders influencing RTW practices. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016043517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Shafi
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Colantonio
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Nastasia I, Coutu MF, Rives R, Dubé J, Gaspard S, Quilicot A. Role and Responsibilities of Supervisors in the Sustainable Return to Work of Workers Following a Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2021; 31:107-118. [PMID: 32681441 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-020-09896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Supervisors play an important role during the return to work (RTW) of injured workers. Yet little research has been done on the actions associated with this role or the contexts in which they are taken. The purpose of this study was to develop courses of action to promote supervisors' involvement in the process aimed at achieving sustainable RTW for workers following a work-related musculoskeletal disorder (MSD), and to verify their pertinence, feasibility, and applicability in practice. Methods A two-phase qualitative method was used. (1) Secondary content analysis of 46 interviews of 14 workers post-MSD and 32 other actors in the RTW process, conducted during a prior case study, yielded proposals for courses of action composed of specific actions for supervisors. (2) The pertinence, feasibility, and applicability of these courses of action and specific actions were explored, first, through a self-administered questionnaire to initiate individual reflection, and later in greater depth through focus groups to identify the different contexts in which they might be applicable. Thematic analysis was performed for each phase. Results Eight proposed courses of action, including specific concrete actions and conditions influencing supervisors' involvement, were developed by the researchers and generally perceived as pertinent and feasible by the participants. Several aspects of the organizational context appeared to influence implementation of these courses of action within the organizations. Conclusion Organizational context appears to influence the application of these courses of action, as do the conditions under which they are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Nastasia
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, OHS Prevention and Rehabilitation, 505 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, QC, H3A 3C2, Canada.
| | - Marie-France Coutu
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Canada
| | - Romain Rives
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Canada
| | - Jessica Dubé
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, OHS Prevention and Rehabilitation, 505 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, QC, H3A 3C2, Canada
| | - Sarah Gaspard
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Canada
| | - Audrey Quilicot
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Canada
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Villotti P, Gragnano A, Larivière C, Negrini A, Dionne CE, Corbière M. Tools Appraisal of Organizational Factors Associated with Return-to-Work in Workers on Sick Leave Due to Musculoskeletal and Common Mental Disorders: A Systematic Search and Review. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2021; 31:7-25. [PMID: 32440855 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-020-09902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to identify organizational factors that are predictive of return-to-work (RTW) among workers with musculoskeletal (MSD) and common mental disorders (CMD), and to subsequently catalogue and characterize the questionnaires (tools) used to measure them. Methods A systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO library databases and grey literature was conducted. First, a list of organizational factors predictive of RTW for the two populations considered was built. Second, the questionnaires used to measure these factors were retrieved. Third, we looked in the scientific literature for studies on the psychometric properties and practical relevance of these questionnaires. Results Among the factors retained, perceived social support from supervisor and co-workers, work accommodations, and job strain were identified as common RTW factors. Other risk/protective factors, and associated tools, specifically targeting either people with MSD or CMD were also analysed. Conclusions Researchers and practitioners are often uncertain of which tools to use to measure organizational factors which can facilitate or hinder RTW. This study provides an evaluation of the tools measuring predictive organizational RTW factors in people with MSD and CMD. The identified tools can be used in everyday practice and/or research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Villotti
- Career counselling - Department of Education, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1205 rue St-Denis, Montréal, QC, H2X 3R9, Canada.
| | - Andrea Gragnano
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Larivière
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Montréal, Canada
| | - Alessia Negrini
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Montréal, Canada
| | - Clermont E Dionne
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Corbière
- Career counselling - Department of Education, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1205 rue St-Denis, Montréal, QC, H2X 3R9, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Etuknwa A, Daniels K, Eib C. Sustainable Return to Work: A Systematic Review Focusing on Personal and Social Factors. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2019; 29:679-700. [PMID: 30767151 PMCID: PMC6838034 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-019-09832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the impact of important personal and social factors on sustainable return to work (RTW) after ill-health due musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and common mental disorders (CMDs) and to compare the effects of these personal and social factors across both conditions. Sustainable RTW is defined as a stable full-time or part-time RTW to either original or modified job for a period of at least 3 months without relapse or sickness absence re-occurrence. Methods A literature search was conducted in 13 databases and 79 studies were selected for the review, of which the methodological design was graded as very high, high and low quality. Results The most consistent evidence for achieving sustainable RTW for both MSDs and CMDs was from support from line managers or supervisors and co-workers, positive attitude, self-efficacy, young age and higher education levels. Job crafting, economic status, length of absence and job contract/security showed promising results, but too few studies exist to draw definite conclusions. Results regarding gender were inconsistent. Conclusions This review demonstrates that a variety of personal and social factors have positive and negative influences on sustainable RTW. We suggest that the social environment and how it interrelates with personal factors like attitudes and self-efficacy should be studied in more detail in the future as the inter-relationship between these factors appears to impact positively on sustainable RTW outcomes. Areas for future research include more high-quality studies on job crafting, economic status/income, length of absence, job contract/security and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abasiama Etuknwa
- Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR47TJ UK
| | - Kevin Daniels
- Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR47TJ UK
| | - Constanze Eib
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala Universitet, Von Kraemers allé 1A och 1C 752 37, Box 1225, 751 42 Uppsala, Sweden
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Hudon A, Lippel K, MacEachen E. Mapping first-line health care providers' roles, practices, and impacts on care for workers with compensable musculoskeletal disorders in four jurisdictions: A critical interpretive synthesis. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:545-558. [PMID: 31074020 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First-line health care providers are the primary access point for workers' benefits. However, little is known about their impact on quality of care and return-to-work. Our objective was to critically compare literature on the practices of first-line providers for workers with musculoskeletal injuries in Ontario and Quebec (Canada), Washington State (United States), and Victoria (Australia). METHODS A critical interpretive synthesis of peer-reviewed scientific literature was conducted. The search across six databases yielded 59 relevant publications that were critically appraised. RESULTS Three themes emerged: 1) how policies about first-line health care providers' modulate worker access to care, 2) how these providers' roles, practices, and training shape disability management, and 3) how the quality of care and disability outcomes are evaluated. CONCLUSIONS First-line health care providers have a critical influence on workers' trajectories of care. A focus on their role while taking the complexity of the context into account will help orient future policy changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hudon
- Faculty of Applied Health SciencesSchool of Public Health and Health Systems, University of WaterlooOntario Canada
- Faculty of LawCivil Law Section, University of OttawaOntario Canada
| | - Katherine Lippel
- Faculty of LawCivil Law Section, University of OttawaOntario Canada
| | - Ellen MacEachen
- Faculty of Applied Health SciencesSchool of Public Health and Health Systems, University of WaterlooOntario Canada
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Advancing Value-Based Medicine: Why Integrating Functional Outcomes With Clinical Measures Is Critical to Our Health Care Future. J Occup Environ Med 2019. [PMID: 28628057 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lefever M, Decuman S, Perl F, Braeckman L, Van de Velde D. The efficacy and efficiency of Disability Management in job-retention and job-reintegration. A systematic review. Work 2018; 59:501-534. [PMID: 29733052 DOI: 10.3233/wor-182709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disability management (DM) is a systematic method to ensure job-retention and job-reintegration in competitive employment for individuals with a disability. There is evidence that 'returning to work' has a positive impact on the individual, the company and on the society. However, a clear overview of the efficacy and efficiency of the DM programs is scarce. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the efficacy and efficiency of the disability management programs. Cochrane, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched from 1994 to 2015. METHODS Two reviewers independently evaluated the articles on title, abstract, and full text. The data extraction and results are documented according to the study designs. RESULTS Twenty-eight articles were included in the review. These 28 articles consisted of 7 systematic reviews, 3 randomized controlled trials, 9 clinical trials, 4 mixed-method studies and 5 qualitative studies. CONCLUSIONS The DM program has shown to be effective and efficient. A consensus about the DM components is still not reached. Nevertheless, some components are emphasized more than others; job accommodation, facilitation of transitional duty, communication between all stakeholders, health care provider advice, early intervention, and acceptance, goodwill and trust in the stakeholders, in the organization, and in the disability management process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Lefever
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Saskia Decuman
- Department of Benefits, National Institute of Health and Disability Insurance, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - François Perl
- Department of Benefits, National Institute of Health and Disability Insurance, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lutgart Braeckman
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van de Velde
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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McLinton S, McLinton SS, van der Linden M. Psychosocial Factors Impacting Workplace Injury Rehabilitation: Evaluation of a Concise Screening Tool. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2018; 28:121-129. [PMID: 28353015 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-017-9701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether the delayed recovery often observed in simple musculoskeletal injuries occurring at work is related to poor workplace and home social support. Method A four question psychosocial screening tool called the "How are you coping gauge?" (HCG) was developed. This tool was implemented as part of the initial assessment for all new musculoskeletal workplace injuries. Participants were excluded if they did not meet the strict criteria used to classify a musculoskeletal injury as simple. The HCG score was then compared to the participant's number of days until return to full capacity (DTFC). It was hypothesised that those workers indicating a poorer level of workplace and home support would take longer time to return to full capacity. Results A sample of 254 participants (316 excluded) were included in analysis. Significant correlation (p < 0.001) was observed between HCG scores for self-reported work and home support and DTFC thereby confirming the hypothesis. Path analysis found workplace support to be a significant moderate-to-strong predictor of DTFC (-0.46). Conclusion A correlation was observed between delayed workplace injury recovery and poor perceived workplace social support. The HCG may be an effective tool for identifying these factors in musculoskeletal workplace injuries of a minor pathophysiological nature. There may be merit in tailoring injury rehabilitation towards addressing psychosocial factors early in the injury recovery process to assist with a more expedient return to full work capacity following simple acute musculoskeletal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareen McLinton
- Corporate Health Group, 69 Henley Beach Road, Mile End, PO Box 562, Torrensville, SA, 5031, Australia.
| | - Sarven Savia McLinton
- Asia Pacific Centre for Work Health and Safety, University of South Australia, IPC-MAG-11, UniSA Magill Campus, Lorne Avenue, Magill, SA, 5072, Australia
| | - Martin van der Linden
- Corporate Health Group, 69 Henley Beach Road, Mile End, PO Box 562, Torrensville, SA, 5031, Australia
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The Association Between Time Taken to Report, Lodge, and Start Wage Replacement and Return-to-Work Outcomes. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60:622-630. [PMID: 29420332 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine if prolonged times taken to notify, file, adjudicate, and start wage replacement for workers' compensation claims are associated with poorer return-to-work (RTW) outcomes. METHODS Using 71,607 claims lodged 2007 to 2012, logistic regression determined associations between time to claim filing, adjudication, and payment and (1) socio-demographic/economic, occupational, and injury-related factors; and (2) 52 weeks of wage replacement (WR). RESULTS Prolonged times for all processing steps were associated with increased odds of reaching 52 weeks of WR. Prolonged times in more than one step increased the odds of a long-term claim. Being female was the only variable consistently associated with each prolonged processing time. CONCLUSIONS The predictive ability of prolonged times in claim lodgement and processing and compensation payments demonstrate that shorter claims management and adjudication times could improve RTW outcomes.
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Amick BC, Lee H, Hogg-Johnson S, Katz JN, Brouwer S, Franche RL, Bültmann U. How Do Organizational Policies and Practices Affect Return to Work and Work Role Functioning Following a Musculoskeletal Injury? JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2017; 27:393-404. [PMID: 27654622 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-016-9668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Organizational-level policies and practices that promote safety leadership and practices, disability management and ergonomic policies and practices are considered key contextual determinants of return to work. Our objective was to examine the role of worker-reported organizational policies and practices (OPPs) in return to work (RTW) and work role functioning (WRF) and the mediating role of pain self-efficacy and work accommodation. Methods A worker cohort (n = 577) in Ontario, Canada was followed at 1, 6 and 12 months post injury. Both RTW (yes/no) and WRF (WLQ-16) status (3 levels) were measured. OPPs were measured (high vs. low) at 1 month post-injury. Pain self-efficacy (PSE) and work accommodation (WA) were included in mediation analyses. Results OPPs predicted RTW at 6 months (adjusted OR 1.77; 95 % CI 1.07-2.93) and 12 months (adjusted OR 2.07; 95 % CI 1.18-3.62). OPPs predicted WRF at 6 months, but only the transition from working with limitations to working without limitations (adjusted OR 3.21; 95 % CI 1.92-5.39). At 12 months, OPPs predicted both the transition from not working to working with and without limitations and from not working or working with limitations to working without limitations (adjusted OR 2.13; 95 % CI 1.37-3.30). Offers of WA mediated the relationship between OPPs and both RTW and WRF at 6 months follow-up. PSE mediated the relationship between OPPs and RTW and WRF at 6 months. At 12 months neither mediated the relationship. Conclusions The findings support worker-reported OPPs as key determinants of both RTW and WRF. These results point to the importance of WA and PSE in both RTW and WRF at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Amick
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., AHC-5-453, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Hyunmi Lee
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheilah Hogg-Johnson
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sandra Brouwer
- Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renée-Louise Franche
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- WorkSafeBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Defining Documentation Requirements for Coding Quality Care in Workers' Compensation. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:1270-1275. [PMID: 27930490 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Steenstra IA, Franche RL, Furlan AD, Amick B, Hogg-Johnson S. The Added Value of Collecting Information on Pain Experience When Predicting Time on Benefits for Injured Workers with Back Pain. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2016; 26:117-124. [PMID: 26152837 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-015-9592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Some injured workers with work-related, compensated back pain experience a troubling course in return to work. A prediction tool was developed in an earlier study, using administrative data only. This study explored the added value of worker reported data in identifying those workers with back pain at higher risk of being on benefits for a longer period of time. Methods This was a cohort study of workers with compensated back pain in 2005 in Ontario. Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) data was used. As well, we examined the added value of patient-reported prognostic factors obtained from a prospective cohort study. Improvement of model fit was determined by comparing area under the curve (AUC) statistics. The outcome measure was time on benefits during a first workers' compensation claim for back pain. Follow-up was 2 years. Results Among 1442 workers with WSIB data still on full benefits at 4 weeks, 113 were also part of the prospective cohort study. Model fit of an established rule in the smaller dataset of 113 workers was comparable to the fit previously established in the larger dataset. Adding worker rating of pain at baseline improved the rule substantially (AUC = 0.80, 95 % CI 0.68, 0.91 compared to benefit status at 180 days, AUC = 0.88, 95 % CI 0.74, 1.00 compared to benefits status at 360 days). Conclusion Although data routinely collected by workers' compensation boards show some ability to predict prolonged time on benefits, adding information on experienced pain reported by the worker improves the predictive ability of the model from 'fairly good' to 'good'. In this study, a combination of prognostic factors, reported by multiple stakeholders, including the worker, could identify those at high risk of extended duration on disability benefits and in potentially in need of additional support at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Steenstra
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Ave., Suite 800, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Renée-Louise Franche
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Ave., Suite 800, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada
- WorkSafe BC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrea D Furlan
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Ave., Suite 800, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ben Amick
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Ave., Suite 800, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sheilah Hogg-Johnson
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Ave., Suite 800, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Carnide N, Franche RL, Hogg-Johnson S, Côté P, Breslin FC, Severin CN, Bültmann U, Krause N. Course of Depressive Symptoms Following a Workplace Injury: A 12-Month Follow-Up Update. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2016; 26:204-215. [PMID: 26324252 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-015-9604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction To estimate the prevalence, incidence and course of depressive symptoms, their relationship with return-to-work, and prevalence of depression diagnosis/treatment 12 months following a lost-time workplace musculoskeletal injury. Methods In a prospective cohort study, 332 workers' compensation claimants with a back or upper extremity musculoskeletal disorder completed interviews at 1, 6 and 12 months post-injury. Participants self-reported they had not received a depression diagnosis 1 year pre-injury. Cutoff of 16 on the CES-D defined a high level of depressive symptoms. Self-reported data on depression diagnosis and treatment and work status since injury were collected. Results Cumulative incidence of high depressive symptom levels over 12 months was 50.3 % (95 % CI 44.9-55.7 %). At 12 months, 24.7 % (95 % CI 20.1-29.3 %) of workers exhibited high levels. Over 12 months, 49.7 % (95 % CI 44.3-55.1 %) had low levels at all 3 interviews, 14.5 % (95 % CI 10.7-18.2 %) had persistently high levels, and 25.6 % (95 % CI 20.9-30.3 %) demonstrated improvements. Among workers with low baseline levels, incidence of high levels at 12 months was 6.0 % (95 % CI 2.7-9.3 %). For workers with high baseline levels, 36.1 % (95 % CI 27.9-44.3 %) exhibited persistent high symptoms at 6 and 12 months, while 38.4 % (95 % CI 30.1-46.6 %) experienced low levels at 6 and 12 months. Problematic RTW outcomes were common among workers with a poor depressive symptom course. Among workers with persistent high symptoms, 18.8 % (95 % CI 7.7-29.8 %) self-reported receiving a depression diagnosis by 12 months and 29.2 % (95 % CI 16.3-42.0 %) were receiving treatment at 12 months. Conclusions Depressive symptoms are common in the first year following a lost-time musculoskeletal injury and a poor depressive symptom course is associated with problematic RTW outcomes 12 months post-injury. While symptoms appear to improve over time, the first 6 months appear to be important in establishing future symptom levels and may represent a window of opportunity for early screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Carnide
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Renée-Louise Franche
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada
- WorkSafe BC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sheilah Hogg-Johnson
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pierre Côté
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - F Curtis Breslin
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- General Education Department, Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colette N Severin
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niklas Krause
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Brouwer S, Amick BC, Lee H, Franche RL, Hogg-Johnson S. The Predictive Validity of the Return-to-Work Self-Efficacy Scale for Return-to-Work Outcomes in Claimants with Musculoskeletal Disorders. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2015; 25:725-32. [PMID: 25990375 PMCID: PMC4636988 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-015-9580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the predictive validity of the Return-to-Work Self-Efficacy (RTWSE) Scale in terms of the scale's baseline absolute values and of changes in self-efficacy scores, with the outcome of return-to-work (RTW) status in a sample of injured workers with upper extremity and back musculoskeletal disorders. METHODS RTWSE was measured with a 10-item scale assessing Overall RTWSE and three self-efficacy subdomains: (1) ability to cope with pain, (2) ability to obtain help from supervisor and (3) ability to obtain help from co-workers. Outcome measures included RTW status (yes/no) measured at 6- and 12-month follow-up. RTWSE improvement was defined as an increase in self-efficacy scores between baseline and 6-month follow-up time points. Logistic regression analyses were performed with RTW status as the dependent variable and adjusted for age, gender, educational level, personal income, pain site, pain severity, functional status, and depressive symptoms, and for baseline RTWSE scores in the improvement score analyses. RESULTS A total of 632 claimants completed the baseline telephone interview 1 month post-injury; 446 subjects completed the 6-month interview (71 %) and 383 subjects completed the 12-month interview (61 %). The baseline Pain RTWSE scores were found to be useful to predict RTW status 6 months post-injury, with a trend for baseline Overall RTWSE. Improvements over time in Overall RTWSE and in Co-worker RTWSE were found to be useful to predict 12-month RTW status, with trends for improvements in Supervisor RTWSE and Pain RTWSE. CONCLUSION The study found evidence supporting the predictive validity of the RTWSE scale within 12 months after injury. The RTWSE scale may be a potentially valuable scale in research and in managing work disabled claimants with musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Building 3217, Room 620, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Benjamin C Amick
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Policy and Management, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hyunmi Lee
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Renée-Louise Franche
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- WorkSafe BC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sheilah Hogg-Johnson
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ask T, Magnussen LH, Skouen JS, Skaar A, Kvåle A. Experiences with a brief functional evaluation for employees with musculoskeletal disorders as perceived by the employees and their supervisors. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/21679169.2015.1061594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Qin Z, Armijo-Olivo S, Woodhouse LJ, Gross DP. An investigation of the validity of the Work Assessment Triage Tool clinical decision support tool for selecting optimal rehabilitation interventions for workers with musculoskeletal injuries. Clin Rehabil 2015; 30:277-87. [PMID: 25828092 DOI: 10.1177/0269215515578696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the concurrent validity of a clinical decision support tool (Work Assessment Triage Tool (WATT)) developed to select rehabilitation treatments for injured workers with musculoskeletal conditions. DESIGN Methodological study with cross-sectional and prospective components. SETTING Data were obtained from the Workers' Compensation Board of Alberta rehabilitation facility in Edmonton, Canada. SUBJECTS A total of 432 workers' compensation claimants evaluated between November 2011 and June 2012. MAIN MEASURES Percentage agreement between the Work Assessment Triage Tool and clinician recommendations was used to determine concurrent validity. In claimants returning to work, frequencies of matching were calculated and compared between clinician and Work Assessment Triage Tool recommendations and the actual programs undertaken by claimants. The frequency of each intervention recommended by clinicians, Work Assessment Triage Tool, and case managers were also calculated and compared. RESULTS Percentage agreement between clinician and Work Assessment Triage Tool recommendations was poor (19%) to moderate (46%) and Kappa = 0.37 (95% CI -0.02, 0.76). The Work Assessment Triage Tool did not improve upon clinician recommendations as only 14 out of 31 claimants returning to work had programs that contradicted clinician recommendations, but were consistent with Work Assessment Triage Tool recommendations. Clinicians and case managers were inclined to recommend functional restoration, physical therapy, or no rehabilitation while the Work Assessment Triage Tool recommended additional evidence-based interventions, such as workplace-based interventions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not provide evidence of concurrent validity for the Work Assessment Triage Tool compared with clinician recommendations. Based on these results, we cannot recommend further implementation of the Work Assessment Triage Tool. However, the Work Assessment Triage Tool appeared more likely than clinicians to recommend interventions supported by evidence; thus warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Qin
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Susan Armijo-Olivo
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Linda J Woodhouse
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Alberta Health Services Bone and Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Douglas P Gross
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Besen E, Young AE, Shaw WS. Returning to work following low back pain: towards a model of individual psychosocial factors. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2015; 25:25-37. [PMID: 24846078 PMCID: PMC4333236 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-014-9522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this paper is to develop and test a model of direct and indirect relationships among individual psychosocial predictors of return-to-work (RTW) outcomes following the onset of low back pain (LBP). METHODS We utilize secondary analysis of a larger study of adults seeking treatment for work-related LBP with recent onset. In total, 241 participants who completed a baseline survey, a short follow-up survey, and a longer follow-up survey after 3 months were included in our analyses. The participants were required to have LBP with onset of less than 14 days, be 18 years or older, and be fluent in English or Spanish. The analyses utilized structural equation models to test the direct and indirect relationships among the variables and RTW outcomes at 3 months. RESULTS Our results indicated a good fit for our model (χ2 = 69.59, df = 45, p < .05; RMSEA = .05; CFI = .95; WRMR = .61). Pain, catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs, organizational support, and RTW confidence were all found to have indirect relationships with the outcomes. RTW confidence and RTW expectations were found to have direct relationships with the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The process of returning to work after an episode of LBP is a complex process involving many interrelated factors. Understanding the relationships among critical individual factors in the RTW process may be important for the treatment and rehabilitation of those with LBP. Results suggest that if injured workers are struggling with fear avoidance, pain catastrophizing and confidence issues, they might benefit from the application of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyssa Besen
- Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA,
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Nastasia I, Coutu MF, Tcaciuc R. Topics and trends in research on non-clinical interventions aimed at preventing prolonged work disability in workers compensated for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs): a systematic, comprehensive literature review. Disabil Rehabil 2014; 36:1841-56. [PMID: 24472007 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2014.882418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to provide an overview of the main topics and trends in contemporary research on successful non-clinical interventions for preventing prolonged work disability in workers compensated for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). METHODS A systematic electronic search (English and French) was performed in ten scientific databases using keywords and descriptors. After screening the identified titles and abstracts using specific sets of criteria, categorical and thematic analyses were performed on the retained articles. RESULTS Five main topics appear to dominate the research: (1) risk factors and determinants; (2) effectiveness of interventions (programmes, specific components, strategies and policies); (3) viewpoints, experiences and perceptions of specific actors involved in the intervention process; (4) compensation issues; and (5) measurement issues. A currently widespread trend is early screening to identify risks factors for appropriate intervention and multidisciplinary, multimodal approaches. Morover, workplace-related psychosocial and ergonomic factors are considered vital to the success and sustainability of return-to-work (RTW) interventions. Finally, involving workplace actors, and more specifically, affected workers, in the RTW process appears to be a powerful force in improving the chances of moving workers away from disabled status. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this literature review provide with information about the main topics and trends in research on rehabilitation interventions, revealing some successful modalities of intervention aimed at preventing prolonged work disability. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Successful intervention for preventing prolonged work disability in workers compensated for WRMSDs address workplace issues: physical and psychosocial demands at work, ability of the workers to fill these demands, work organization and support of the worker, and worker' beliefs and attitudes related to work. Successful intervention promotes collaboration, coordination between all actors and stakeholders involved in the process of rehabilitation. Strategies able to mobilize the employees, employers, insurers and health care providers are still needed to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Nastasia
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST) , Montreal, Quebec , Canada and
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Gross DP, Zhang J, Steenstra I, Barnsley S, Haws C, Amell T, McIntosh G, Cooper J, Zaiane O. Development of a computer-based clinical decision support tool for selecting appropriate rehabilitation interventions for injured workers. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2013; 23:597-609. [PMID: 23468410 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-013-9430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a classification algorithm and accompanying computer-based clinical decision support tool to help categorize injured workers toward optimal rehabilitation interventions based on unique worker characteristics. METHODS Population-based historical cohort design. Data were extracted from a Canadian provincial workers' compensation database on all claimants undergoing work assessment between December 2009 and January 2011. Data were available on: (1) numerous personal, clinical, occupational, and social variables; (2) type of rehabilitation undertaken; and (3) outcomes following rehabilitation (receiving time loss benefits or undergoing repeat programs). Machine learning, concerned with the design of algorithms to discriminate between classes based on empirical data, was the foundation of our approach to build a classification system with multiple independent and dependent variables. RESULTS The population included 8,611 unique claimants. Subjects were predominantly employed (85 %) males (64 %) with diagnoses of sprain/strain (44 %). Baseline clinician classification accuracy was high (ROC = 0.86) for selecting programs that lead to successful return-to-work. Classification performance for machine learning techniques outperformed the clinician baseline classification (ROC = 0.94). The final classifiers were multifactorial and included the variables: injury duration, occupation, job attachment status, work status, modified work availability, pain intensity rating, self-rated occupational disability, and 9 items from the SF-36 Health Survey. CONCLUSIONS The use of machine learning classification techniques appears to have resulted in classification performance better than clinician decision-making. The final algorithm has been integrated into a computer-based clinical decision support tool that requires additional validation in a clinical sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Gross
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, 2-50 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G4, Canada,
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Daley D, Miller M. Moving forward in occupational health physical therapy: the journey toward specialization in the United States. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/1743288x13y.0000000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Iles RA, Wyatt M. Applying the evidence: a real-world example of an intervention to reduce workers' compensation costs. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/1743288x13y.0000000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Higgins A, O'Halloran P, Porter S. Management of long term sickness absence: a systematic realist review. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2012; 22:322-332. [PMID: 22447311 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-012-9362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing impact and costs of long term sickness absence have been well documented. However, the diversity and complexity of interventions and of the contexts in which these take place makes a traditional review problematic. Therefore, we undertook a systematic realist review to identify the dominant programme theories underlying best practice, to assess the evidence for these theories, and to throw light on important enabling or disabling contextual factors. METHOD A search of the scholarly literature from 1950 to 2011 identified 5,576 articles, of which 269 formed the basis of the review. RESULTS We found that the dominant programme theories in relation to effective management related to: early intervention or referral by employers; having proactive organisational procedures; good communication and cooperation between stakeholders; and workplace-based occupational rehabilitation. Significant contextual factors were identified as the level of support for interventions from top management, the size and structure of the organisation, the level of financial and organisational investment in the management of long-term sickness absence, and the quality of relationships between managers and staff. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, those with responsibility for managing absence should bear in mind the contextual factors that are likely to have an impact on interventions, and do what they can to ensure stakeholders have at least a mutual understanding (if not a common purpose) in relation to their perceptions of interventions, goals, culture and practice in the management of long term sickness absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Higgins
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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Reducing lost workdays after work-related injuries: the utilization of athletic trainers in a health system transitional work program. J Occup Environ Med 2012; 53:1199-204. [PMID: 21915072 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31822cfab3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if an internal employee health program (IEHP), including transitional work, with early access to physical medicine and rehabilitation provided by athletic trainers, will reduce missed workdays following work-related injury. METHODS A retrospective review of health system workers' compensation data were conducted for injuries sustained 23-month period preceding (PP) (N = 713) and following IEHP implementation (N = 661). RESULTS Sixty-two PP and 128 IEHP events resulted in lost workdays (LWDs), P < 0.001. For LWDs events, mean days lost decreased from 100.3 ± 119.7 PP to 44.6 ± 69.0 IEHP, P = 0.001, with 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-4.2) IEHP 3-week odds of returning to work. CONCLUSIONS Internal employee health program reduced LWDs. Internal employee health program was associated with more than 10% increase in LWDs events, but LWDs event mean days lost decreased by more than 50%, with 3-week odds of returning to work more than 2.0.
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Noben CYG, Nijhuis FJN, de Rijk AE, Evers SMAA. Design of a trial-based economic evaluation on the cost-effectiveness of employability interventions among work disabled employees or employees at risk of work disability: the CASE-study. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:43. [PMID: 22257557 PMCID: PMC3273437 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Netherlands, absenteeism and reduced productivity due to work disability lead to high yearly costs reaching almost 5% of the gross national product. To reduce the economic burden of sick leave and reduced productivity, different employability interventions for work-disabled employees or employees at risk of work disability have been developed. Within this study, called 'CASE-study' (Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Sustainable Employability), five different employability interventions directed at work disabled employees with divergent health complaints will be analysed on their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. This paper describes a consistent and transparent methodological design to do so. METHODS/DESIGN Per employability intervention 142 participants are needed whereof approximately 66 participants receiving the intervention will be compared with 66 participants receiving usual care. Based on the intervention-specific characteristics, a randomized control trial or a quasi-experiment with match-criteria will be conducted. Notwithstanding the study design, eligible participants will be employees aged 18 to 63, working at least 12 h per week, and at risk of work disability, or already work-disabled due to medical restrictions. The primary outcome will be the duration of sick leave. Secondary outcomes are health status and quality of life. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and then 6, 12 and 18 months later. Economic costs will consist of healthcare costs and cost of lost production due to work disability, and will be evaluated from a societal perspective. DISCUSSION The CASE-study is the first to conduct economic evaluations of multiple different employability interventions based on a similar methodological framework. The cost-effectiveness results for every employability intervention will be published in 2014, but the methods, strengths and weaknesses of the study protocol are discussed in this paper. To contribute to treatment options in occupational health practice and enable the development of guidelines on how to conduct economic evaluation better suited to this field; this paper provides an important first step. TRIAL REGISTRATION Four trials involved in the CASE-study are registered with the Netherlands Trial Registry: Care for Work (NTR2886), Health and Motion (NTR3111), Guidance to Excel in Return to Work (NTR3151), Care for Companies/Second Care (NTR3136).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Y G Noben
- School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Rollin L, Gehanno JF. Research on return to work in European Union countries. Occup Med (Lond) 2012; 62:210-5. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqr207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Stigmar K, Ekdahl C, Grahn B. Work ability: Concept and assessment from a physiotherapeutic perspective. An interview study. Physiother Theory Pract 2011; 28:344-54. [DOI: 10.3109/09593985.2011.622835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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A Review and Analysis of the Clinical and Cost-effectiveness Studies of Comprehensive Health Promotion and Disease Management Programs at the Worksite. J Occup Environ Med 2011; 53:1310-31. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3182337748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Factors that affect the occurrence and chronicity of occupation-related musculoskeletal disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2011; 25:103-15. [PMID: 21663853 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The components that affect the occurrence and chronicity of musculoskeletal disease are multifactorial. The return to work process and prevention of future chronic disability commences at the time of the initial assessment. The clinician can identify, at an early stage, patients with negative expectations of return to work and adopt a care plan oriented to functional adaptation. Medical and psychosocial treatment plans taking account of coping preferences, beliefs and practices are more likely to help prevent chronic disability. Other factors that can influence the long-term disability rate include medically discretionary or unnecessary time off work and litigation itself. Workplace factors can result in unnecessary absenteeism and poorly managed presenteeism.
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Wrapson W, Mewse AJ. Supervisors' responses to sickness certification for an episode of low back pain: employees' personal experiences. Disabil Rehabil 2011; 33:1728-36. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2010.544836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Johansson G, Hultin H, Möller J, Hallqvist J, Kjellberg K. The impact of adjustment latitude on self-assessed work ability in regard to gender and occupational type. Scand J Occup Ther 2011; 19:350-9. [PMID: 21854104 DOI: 10.3109/11038128.2011.603354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adjustment latitude describes opportunities to change demands at work when ill and may affect work ability. The aim here is to study the association between adjustment latitude and self-assessed work ability among men and women and employees from different occupational sectors. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from a questionnaire sent to 3020 employees in three occupational sectors in Sweden; 1430 responded. Subjects were divided into: full, moderately reduced, and greatly reduced work ability. Presence of nine adjustment opportunities was requested and subjects were divided into three groups. Each specific opportunity was also analyzed in relation to work ability. Multinomial logistic regression was used for analyses. RESULTS Number of opportunities to adjust was associated with work ability among men and employees in health care. "Shortening the working day" was associated with work ability in most groups. For men and industrial employees, "postponing work", "going home and working later", and "working without disturbance" were associated with work ability. "To work from home" was associated with work ability among women and employees in insurance. CONCLUSIONS The assumption that adjustment latitude affects work ability is supported. Associations differ with regard to gender and occupational sectors. Further studies with longitudinal design and alternative samples are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun Johansson
- National Centre for Work and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Brouwer S, Franche RL, Hogg-Johnson S, Lee H, Krause N, Shaw WS. Return-to-work self-efficacy: development and validation of a scale in claimants with musculoskeletal disorders. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2011; 21:244-58. [PMID: 20865445 PMCID: PMC3098360 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-010-9262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We report on the development and validation of a 10-item scale assessing self-efficacy within the return-to-work context, the Return-to-Work Self-Efficacy (RTWSE) scale. METHODS Lost-time claimants completed a telephone survey 1 month (n = 632) and 6 months (n = 446) after a work-related musculoskeletal injury. Exploratory (Varimax and Promax rotation) and confirmatory factor analyses of self-efficacy items were conducted with two separate subsamples at both time points. Construct validity was examined by comparing scale measurements and theoretically derived constructs, and the phase specificity of RTWSE was studied by examining changes in strength of relationships between the RTWSE Subscales and the other constructs at both time measures. RESULTS Factor analyses supported three underlying factors: (1) Obtaining help from supervisor, (2) Coping with pain (3) Obtaining help from co-workers. Internal consistency (alpha) for the three subscales ranged from 0.66 to 0.93. The total variance explained was 68% at 1-month follow-up and 76% at 6-month follow-up. Confirmatory factor analyses had satisfactory fit indices to confirm the initial model. With regard to construct validity: relationships of RTWSE with depressive symptoms, fear-avoidance, pain, and general health, were generally in the hypothesized direction. However, the hypothesis that less advanced stages of change on the Readiness for RTW scale would be associated with lower RTWSE could not be completely confirmed: on all RTWSE subscales, RTWSE decreased significantly for a subset of participants who started working again. Moreover, only Pain RTWSE was significantly associated with RTW status and duration of work disability. With regard to the phase specificity, the strength of association between RTWSE and other constructs was stronger at 6 months post-injury compared to 1 month post-injury. CONCLUSIONS A final 10-item version of the RTWSE has adequate internal consistency and validity to assess the confidence of injured workers to obtain help from supervisor and co-workers and to cope with pain. With regard to phase specificity, stronger associations between RTWSE and other constructs at 6-month follow-up suggest that the association between these psychological constructs consolidates over time after the disruptive event of the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Work & Health, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan, The Netherlands.
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Boot CRL, Koppes LLJ, van den Bossche SNJ, Anema JR, van der Beek AJ. Relation between perceived health and sick leave in employees with a chronic illness. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2011; 21:211-9. [PMID: 21153689 PMCID: PMC3098364 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-010-9273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To improve work participation in individuals with a chronic illness, insight into the role of work-related factors in the association between health and sick leave is needed. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the contribution of work limitations, work characteristics, and work adjustments to the association between health and sick leave in employees with a chronic illness. METHODS All employees with a chronic illness, between 15 and 65 years of age (n = 7,748) were selected from The Netherlands Working Conditions Survey. The survey included questions about perceived health, working conditions, and sick leave. Block-wise multivariate linear regression analyses were performed and, in different blocks, limitations at work, work characteristics, and work adjustments were added to the model of perceived health status. Changes in regression coefficient (B) (%) were calculated for the total group and for sub-groups per chronic illness. RESULTS When work limitations were added to the model, the B between health and sick leave decreased by 18% (5.0 to 4.1). Adding work characteristics did not decrease the association between health and sick leave, but the B between work limitations and sick leave decreased by 14%, (5.3 to 4.5). When work adjustments were added to the model, the Bs between sick leave and work limitations and work characteristics changed from 4.5 to 3.4 for work limitations and from 2.1 to 1.9 for temporary contract and from -0.8 to -1.0 for supervisor support. CONCLUSIONS The association between health and sick leave was explained by limitations at work, work characteristics, and work adjustments. Paying more attention to work limitations, characteristics and adjustments offers opportunities to reduce the negative consequences of chronic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile R L Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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He Y, Hu J, Yu ITS, Gu W, Liang Y. Determinants of return to work after occupational injury. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2010; 20:378-386. [PMID: 20165972 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-010-9232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The promotion of return to work (RTW) following occupational injury benefits injured workers, their families, enterprises and the society. The identification of the potential determinants would be helpful in improving RTW rate and minimizing the duration of absenteeism following injury. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to identify the potential determinants of RTW following work-related injury. METHODS A historical cohort of workers with occupational injury in a state-owned locomotive vehicles company in central China was followed up on the outcomes of RTW. Demographic, employment and medical information was retrieved from the company archival documents; and post-injury information was interviewed by structured questionnaires. Univariate analysis and Cox Regression Model were used to examine the associations between potential determinants and outcomes of RTW. RESULTS Three hundred of the 323 cases (92.9%) eventually returned to work after the median absence of 43 days. Factors from socio-demographic, clinical, economic, and psychological domains affected RTW in the univariate analyses. The multivariate analysis indicated that age, injury severity, injury locus, injury nature, pain in the injury locus, self-report health status and pre-injury monthly salary were significant determinants of RTW. CONCLUSIONS There were multidimensional factors affecting RTW after occupational injury. Proper clinical treatment and rehabilitation, as well as economic and social support to facilitate workers' RTW would be the priorities upon intervention. Future studies should be conducted in larger representative samples to confirm the findings and to develop a multidisciplinary intervention strategy towards promoting RTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua He
- School of Public Health/Fudan-Liberty Mutual SafeWork Center/WHO Collaborating Center for Occupational Health, Fudan University, P.O. Box 288, No. 130, Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Steenstra IA, Ibrahim SA, Franche RL, Hogg-Johnson S, Shaw WS, Pransky GS. Validation of a risk factor-based intervention strategy model using data from the readiness for return to work cohort study. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2010; 20:394-405. [PMID: 19902339 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-009-9218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is a common and in some cases disabling condition. Until recently, workers presenting with non-specific LBP have generally been regarded as a homogeneous population. If this population is not homogeneous, different interventions might be appropriate for different subgroups. We hypothesized that (1) Clusters of individuals could be identified based on risk factors, (2) These clusters would predict duration and recurrences 6 months post-injury. METHODS The study focuses on the 442 LBP claimants in the Readiness for Return-to-Work Cohort Study. Claimants (n = 259) who had already returned to work, approximately 1 month post-injury were categorized as the low risk group. A latent class analysis was performed on 183 workers absent from work, categorized as the high risk group. Groups were classified based on: pain, disability, fear avoidance beliefs, physical demands, people-oriented culture and disability management practice at the workplace, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Three classes were identified; (1) workers with 'workplace issues', (2) workers with a 'no workplace issues, but back pain', and (3) workers having 'multiple issues' (the most negative values on every scale, notably depressive symptoms). Classes 2 and 3 had a similar rate of return to work, both worse than the rate of class 1. Return-to-work status and recurrences at 6 months were similar in all 3 groups. CONCLUSION This study largely confirms that several subgroups could be identified based on previously defined risk factors as suggested by an earlier theoretical model by Shaw et al. (J Occup Rehab 16(4):591-605, 2006). Different groups of workers might be identified and might benefit from different interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Steenstra
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, ON, M4C 1J1, Canada.
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Gail Hepburn C, Franche R, Francis L. Successful return to work: the role of fairness and workplace‐based strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2010. [DOI: 10.1108/17538351011031902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vermeulen SJ, Anema JR, Schellart AJM, van Mechelen W, van der Beek AJ. Cost-effectiveness of a participatory return-to-work intervention for temporary agency workers and unemployed workers sick-listed due to musculoskeletal disorders: design of a randomised controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010; 11:60. [PMID: 20346183 PMCID: PMC2858719 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Within the working population there is a vulnerable group: workers without an employment contract and workers with a flexible labour market arrangement, e.g. temporary agency workers. In most cases, when sick-listed, these workers have no workplace/employer to return to. Also, for these workers access to occupational health care is limited or even absent in many countries. For this vulnerable working population there is a need for tailor-made occupational health care, including the presence of an actual return-to-work perspective. Therefore, a participatory return-to-work program has been developed based on a successful return-to-work intervention for workers, sick-listed due to low back pain. The objective of this paper is to describe the design of a randomised controlled trial to study the (cost-)effectiveness of this newly developed participatory return-to-work program adapted for temporary agency workers and unemployed workers, sick-listed due to musculoskeletal disorders, compared to usual care. Methods/Design The design of this study is a randomised controlled trial with one year of follow-up. The study population consists of temporary agency workers and unemployed workers sick-listed between 2 and 8 weeks due to musculoskeletal disorders. The new return-to-work program is a stepwise program aimed at making a consensus-based return-to-work implementation plan with the possibility of a (therapeutic) workplace to return-to-work. Outcomes are measured at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The primary outcome measure is duration of the sickness benefit period after the first day of reporting sick. Secondary outcome measures are: time until first return-to-work, total number of days of sickness benefit during follow-up; functional status; intensity of musculoskeletal pain; pain coping; and attitude, social influence and self-efficacy determinants. Cost-benefit is evaluated from an insurer's perspective. A process evaluation is part of this study. Discussion For sick-listed workers without an employment contract there can be gained a lot by improving occupational health care, including return-to-work guidance, and by minimising the 'labour market handicap' by creating a return-to-work perspective. In addition, reduction of sickness absence and work disability, i.e. a reduction of disability claims, may result in substantial benefits for the Dutch Social Security System. Trial registration Trial registration number: NTR1047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia J Vermeulen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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A multivariate analysis of factors associated with early offer and acceptance of a work accommodation following an occupational musculoskeletal injury. J Occup Environ Med 2009; 51:969-83. [PMID: 19620886 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3181b2f3c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with offer and acceptance of work accommodation. METHODS In 401 claimants with musculoskeletal injuries, two logistic regressions identified individual and workplace factors associated with work accommodation offer and acceptance. RESULTS Unionized status, strong disability management policies and practices, low supervisor support, and pink collar occupation were associated with work accommodation offer. Job tenure over 1 year and lighter physical work were associated with acceptance. Younger age and more repetitive physical work demands were positively associated with both outcomes. Pink-collar status was positively associated with offers, but negatively with acceptance. Gender, mental health, pain, job satisfaction, firm size, people-oriented culture, safety climate, and ergonomic practices were not significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS One month post-injury, workplace factors and age are determinants of offer and acceptance of work accommodation, while individual health factors play no significant role.
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Wald J, Taylor S. Work Impairment and Disability in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Review and Recommendations for Psychological Injury Research and Practice. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-009-9059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Franche RL, Severin CN, Lee H, Hogg-Johnson S, Hepburn CG, Vidmar M, MacEachen E. Perceived Justice of Compensation Process for Return-to-Work: Development and Validation of a Scale. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-009-9053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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A review and analysis of the clinical and cost-effectiveness studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease management programs at the worksite: update VII 2004-2008. J Occup Environ Med 2009; 51:822-37. [PMID: 19542898 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3181a7de5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct the seventh periodic review and analysis of the clinical and cost-effectiveness research conducted in worksite/corporate environments between 2004 and 2008. METHODS A literature search of US-based research was conducted using a multistage process including MEDLINE, ADI, EDGAR, CARL, Inform, Lexis-Nexis, as well as direct inquiries to key researchers in this area of expertise. RESULTS From 2004 to 2008, there were 16 new studies that met the Inclusion/Exclusion criteria. These studies are critiqued and entered into a data table consisting of 13 variables and citations of the 16 new studies. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and cost-effectiveness research in the worksite/corporate environment continues to evolve although there was only one randomized clinical trial conducted during the most recent interval. There are innovations in pilot studies, quasi-experimental methodologies, and econometric modeling as indicative of future trends.
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Franche RL, Carnide N, Hogg-Johnson S, Côté P, Breslin FC, Bültmann U, Severin CN, Krause N. Course, diagnosis, and treatment of depressive symptomatology in workers following a workplace injury: a prospective cohort study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2009; 54:534-46. [PMID: 19726006 DOI: 10.1177/070674370905400806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate prevalence, incidence, and course of depressive symptoms and prevalence of mental health treatment following a workplace injury, and to estimate the association between depressive symptoms and return-to-work (RTW) trajectories. METHOD In a prospective cohort study, workers filing a lost-time compensation claim for a work-related musculoskeletal disorder of the back or upper extremity were interviewed 1 month (n = 599) and 6 months (n = 430) postinjury. A high level of depressive symptoms was defined as 16 or more on the self-reported Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) Scale. The following estimates are reported: prevalence of high depressive symptom levels at 1 and 6 months postinjury; incidence, resolution, and persistence of high depressive symptom levels between 1 and 6 months; and prevalence of self-reported mental health treatment and depression diagnosis at 6 months postinjury. RESULTS Prevalence of high depressive symptom levels at 1 month and 6 months postinjury were 42.9% (95% CI 38.9% to 46.9%) and 26.5% (95% CI 22.3% to 30.7%), respectively. Among participants reporting high depressive symptom levels at 1 month postinjury, 47.2% (95% CI 39.9% to 54.5%) experienced a persistence of symptoms 6 months postinjury. By 6 months, 38.6% of workers who never returned to work or had work disability recurrences had high depressive symptom levels, compared with 17.7% of those with a sustained RTW trajectory. At 6-month follow-up, 12.9% (95% CI 5.8% to 20.1%) of participants with persistently high depressive symptom levels self-reported a depression diagnosis since injury and 23.8% (95% CI 14.7% to 32.9%) were receiving depression treatment. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms are pervasive in workers with musculoskeletal injuries, but transient for some, and seldom diagnosed as depression or treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée-Louise Franche
- Occupational Health and Safety Agency for Healthcare in British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.
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Gross DP, Lowe A. Evaluation of a knowledge translation initiative for physical therapists treating patients with work disability. Disabil Rehabil 2009; 31:871-9. [DOI: 10.1080/01443610802355965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Franche RL, Corbière M, Lee H, Breslin FC, Hepburn CG. The Readiness for Return-To-Work (RRTW) scale: development and validation of a self-report staging scale in lost-time claimants with musculoskeletal disorders. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2007; 17:450-72. [PMID: 17701326 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-007-9097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We report on the development and validation of a 22-item scale assessing stage of readiness for return-to-work, the Readiness for Return-to-Work (RRTW) scale. METHODS Lost-time claimants (n = 632) completed a telephone survey one month after a work-related musculoskeletal injury. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of readiness items were conducted with two separate samples, and concurrent validity was examined. RESULTS For workers not working, 60% of the variance was explained by four factors--(1) Precontemplation, (2) Contemplation (3) Prepared for Action-Self-evaluative and (4) Prepared for Action-Behavioral. For those working, 58% of the variance was explained by two factors--(1) Uncertain Maintenance and (2) Proactive Maintenance. Confirmatory factor analyses had satisfactory fit indices to confirm the initial model. Concurrent validity of the scale was supported: relationships of readiness with depressive symptoms, fear-avoidance, pain, and general health, were generally in the hypothesized direction. CONCLUSIONS Psychometric properties of the newly developed instrument suggest that the application of the Readiness for Change model to return-to-work is relevant to work disability research. The instrument may facilitate the offer of stage-specific services tailored to injured workers' needs, and be used for evaluation of return-to-work interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée-Louise Franche
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada, M4G 2E9.
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