Tracheobronchial Self-expanding Metallic Stents in Patients With Central Airways Obstruction

Safety of interventional bronchoscopy through complication review at a cancer center

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

There have been rapid advances in the area of interventional bronchoscopy over the past 15 years, but associated complications have been rarely discussed. A longitudinal evaluation of the same operator's performance at a cancer center is reported.

METHODS

A detailed record review of diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopy between January 1997 and March 2013 was conducted.

RESULTS

Among the 1358 diagnostic bronchoscopies, there were nine major complications requiring premature termination and three pneumothoraces found during follow-up (0.88%). An escalation in the level of care was required for four patients with massive bleeding, asthma attack, sedation intoxication and myocardial ischemia, respectively. Six cases occurred after brushing (0.71%), and five cases before any sampling procedure was conducted. The complication rate was highest for peripheral lesions (1.03%). Among the 109 therapeutic bronchoscopies, no major patient-specific complication occurred except for excessive granulation tissue formation following metallic stenting in one patient with benign tracheal stenosis.

CONCLUSION

The complication rate with regard to bronchoscopy is comparable with historical controls according to the related literature, and their occurrence appears to be sporadic, not relevant to patient characteristics and mostly related to the bronchoscopy itself rather than the introduction of new techniques. Bronchoscopy remains safe along with technical innovations. However, risk recognition and effective prevention is essential.

Novel use of a disposable curved stent insertion plastic device for silicone stent placement in patients with limited neck extension

As granulation tissue formation frequently complicates the insertion of metallic tracheobronchial stents in patients with longer life expectancy, the inert silicone tracheobronchial stent remains the treatment of choice for inoperable benign tracheal stenosis. Similarly, the Y silicone stent insertion also plays an important role for refractory malignant stenoses involving the carina and tracheobronchial junction. The classic insertion method of a straight or Y silicone stent requires rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia with a hyperextended neck. This is not an option for patients with limited neck extension. We report a novel method of silicone stent insertion using a disposable curved stent insertion plastic device to solve the problem in 2 patients. The new device may have a role in managing patients with central airway obstruction but limited neck extension. As a valuable alternative to conventional rigid bronchoscope, it also adds to the ease of the silicone stent placement.