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The impact of amino acid metabolism on adult neurogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:233-244. [PMID: 36606681 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is a multistage process during which newborn neurons are generated through the activation and proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and integrated into existing neural networks. Impaired adult neurogenesis has been observed in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, suggesting its critical role in cognitive function, brain homeostasis, and neural repair. Over the past decades, mounting evidence has identified a strong association between metabolic status and adult neurogenesis. Here, we aim to summarize how amino acids and their neuroactive metabolites affect adult neurogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the causal link between amino acid metabolism, adult neurogenesis, and neurological diseases. Finally, we propose that systematic elucidation of how amino acid metabolism regulates adult neurogenesis has profound implications not only for understanding the biological underpinnings of brain development and neurological diseases, but also for providing potential therapeutic strategies to intervene in disease progression.
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Lee Y, Steinbach SML, Basile D, Singh J. A Therapeutic Extracorporeal Device for Specific Removal of Pathologic Asymmetric Dimethylarginine from the Blood. Blood Purif 2022; 51:889-898. [PMID: 35249015 PMCID: PMC9440949 DOI: 10.1159/000522294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood levels of uremic toxin, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), are strongly associated with mortality in sepsis, renal failure, and cardiovascular and renal disease patients. METHODS An extracorporeal approach to reduce pathological ADMA was developed. The dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) was immobilized on agarose beads to prepare a cartridge. The efficacy of cartridge for ADMA lowering in blood was investigated. RESULTS The DDAH beads and cartridge reduced ADMA from solution or plasma. The magnitude of ADMA removal was dependent on the quantity of DDAH linked to the beads and the flow rate. When tested in association with plasmapheresis, the DDAH-cartridge was highly effective in ADMA removal from the blood and improved the arginine/ADMA ratio in a pig model. CONCLUSION A new, safe, and effective extracorporeal approach to lower ADMA was developed which may have application in improving outcomes in patients with vascular complications and risk of mortality associated with high ADMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Lee
- Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,
| | - Sarah M L Steinbach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - David Basile
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jaipal Singh
- Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Vasculonics Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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3
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Koch M, Acharjee A, Ament Z, Schleicher R, Bevers M, Stapleton C, Patel A, Kimberly WT. Machine Learning-Driven Metabolomic Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid: Insights Into Poor Outcomes After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 2021; 88:1003-1011. [PMID: 33469656 PMCID: PMC8046589 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with a high mortality and poor neurologic outcomes. The biologic underpinnings of the morbidity and mortality associated with aSAH remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To ascertain potential insights into pathological mechanisms of injury after aSAH using an approach of metabolomics coupled with machine learning methods. METHODS Using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 81 aSAH enrolled in a retrospective cohort biorepository, samples collected during the peak of delayed cerebral ischemia were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 138 metabolites were measured and quantified in each sample. Data were analyzed using elastic net (EN) machine learning and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to identify the leading CSF metabolites associated with poor outcome, as determined by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge and at 90 d. Repeated measures analysis determined the effect size for each metabolite on poor outcome. RESULTS EN machine learning and OPLS-DA analysis identified 8 and 10 metabolites, respectively, that predicted poor mRS (mRS 3-6) at discharge and at 90 d. Of these candidates, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), dimethylguanidine valeric acid (DMGV), and ornithine were consistent markers, with an association with poor mRS at discharge (P = .0005, .002, and .0001, respectively) and at 90 d (P = .0036, .0001, and .004, respectively). SDMA also demonstrated a significantly elevated CSF concentration compared with nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage controls (P = .0087). CONCLUSION SDMA, DMGV, and ornithine are vasoactive molecules linked to the nitric oxide pathway that predicts poor outcome after severe aSAH. Further study of dimethylarginine metabolites in brain injury after aSAH is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Koch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Animesh Acharjee
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Centre for Computational Biology and NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zsuzsanna Ament
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Riana Schleicher
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Bevers
- Divisions of Stroke, Cerebrovascular and Critical Care Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Aman Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - W Taylor Kimberly
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Bednarz-Misa I, Fleszar MG, Zawadzki M, Kapturkiewicz B, Kubiak A, Neubauer K, Witkiewicz W, Krzystek-Korpacka M. L-Arginine/NO Pathway Metabolites in Colorectal Cancer: Relevance as Disease Biomarkers and Predictors of Adverse Clinical Outcomes Following Surgery. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061782. [PMID: 32521714 PMCID: PMC7355854 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The L-Arginine/NO pathway is involved in carcinogenesis and immunity. Its diagnostic and prognostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC) was determined using tandem mass spectrometry in 199 individuals (137 with CRC) and, during a three-day follow up, in 60 patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Citrulline was decreased and asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginines and dimethylamine (DMA) were increased in CRC. The DMA increase corresponded with CRC advancement while arginine, ADMA, and SDMA levels were higher in left-sided cancers. Arginine, citrulline, ADMA, and DMA dropped and SDMA increased post incision. Females experienced a more substantial drop in arginine. The arginine and ADMA dynamics depended on blood loss. The initial SDMA increase was higher in patients requiring transfusions. Postoperative dynamics in arginine and dimethylarginines differed in robot-assisted and open surgery. Concomitant SDMA, citrulline, and DMA quantification displayed a 92% accuracy in detecting CRC. Monitoring changes in arginine, ADMA, and SDMA in the early postoperative period predicted postoperative ileus with 84% and surgical site infections with 90% accuracy. Changes in ADMA predicted operative morbidity with 90% and anastomotic leakage with 77% accuracy. If positively validated, L-arginine/NO pathway metabolites may facilitate CRC screening and surveillance, support differential diagnosis, and assist in clinical decision-making regarding patients recovering from colorectal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bednarz-Misa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mariusz G Fleszar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Zawadzki
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Regional Specialist Hospital, 51-124 Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kapturkiewicz
- First Department of Oncological Surgery of Lower Silesian Oncology Center, 53-413 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kubiak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Neubauer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Witkiewicz
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Regional Specialist Hospital, 51-124 Wrocław, Poland
- Research and Development Centre at Regional Specialist Hospital, 51-124 Wrocław, Poland
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Podzolkov VI, Safronova TA, Natkina DU. Endothelial dysfunction in patients with controlled and uncontrolled arterial hypertension. TERAPEVT ARKH 2019; 91:108-114. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.09.000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of the level of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in two groups of patients with a diagnosis of essential arterial hypertension (AH). Group I - patients with uncontrolled hypertension (UCAH) and group II - patients with controlled course of hypertension (CAH). Materials and methods. The study included 109 patients: group I - 73 patients with UCAH, group II - 36 patients with CAH. Groups were comparable. Clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination was performed, including determination of ADMA concentration in blood plasma. Results. The concentration of ADMA in patients with UCAH was significantly higher than in the group with CAH. In patients with UCAH, a pronounced positive correlation was found between the concentration of ADMA and creatinine level (r=0.615, p
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Brinkmann SJH, Wörner EA, van Leeuwen PAM. Strict glucose control and artificial regulation of the NO-ADMA-DDAH system in order to prevent endothelial dysfunction. J Physiol 2017; 594:2775-6. [PMID: 27246541 DOI: 10.1113/jp272183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - E A Wörner
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Nagasaka H, Morioka I, Takuwa M, Nakacho M, Yoshida M, Ishida A, Hirayama S, Miida T, Tsukahara H, Yorifuji T, Iijima K. Blood asymmetric dimethylarginine and nitrite/nitrate concentrations in short-stature children born small for gestational age with and without growth hormone therapy. J Int Med Res 2017; 46:761-772. [PMID: 28974136 PMCID: PMC5971506 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517723183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective
To investigate the basal amino acid metabolism and impact of growth hormone (GH) therapy in short-stature children born small for gestational age (short SGA children). Methods In this age-matched case-control study, the basal blood levels of amino acids, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) were compared between 24 short SGA children and 25 age-matched normal children. Changes in these parameters were assessed for 12 months in 12 short SGA children initiating GH therapy (Group A) and 12 age-matched short SGA children without GH therapy (Group B). Results The arginine levels were significantly lower in the short SGA than in normal children. The ADMA levels were significantly higher and NOx levels were significantly lower in the short SGA than normal children. In Group A, the ADMA level was significantly lower and NOx level was significantly higher at 6 months than at baseline. At 12 months, the ADMA level in Group A began to increase, but the NOx level remained the same. Group B showed no significant changes. Conclusions This study is the first to show that ADMA is promoted and nitric oxide is suppressed in short SGA children and that GH therapy affects the production of ADMA and nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Nagasaka
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Takarazuka City Hospital, Takarazuka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mayuko Takuwa
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Takarazuka City Hospital, Takarazuka, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakacho
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Takarazuka City Hospital, Takarazuka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yoshida
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Takarazuka City Hospital, Takarazuka, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishida
- 3 Kobe Children's Primary Emergency Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirayama
- 4 Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- 4 Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukahara
- 5 Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tohru Yorifuji
- 6 Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Ragina N, Davis G, Doorly M, Cologne K, Senagore AJ. Arginine/Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Ratio in Colorectal Surgery. J Clin Med Res 2017; 9:555-559. [PMID: 28611854 PMCID: PMC5458651 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr2988w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a naturally occurring amino acid that inhibits the effects of nitric oxide synthetases, producing considerable effects on the vascular system. Recent studies have suggested that increased ADMA is a major contributor to endothelial dysfunction, resulting in significant effects on cardiovascular and renal function. METHODS The study sample consisted of five male and 11 female patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery; patients were between 41 and 77 years of age. Venous whole blood (8 - 10 mL) was collected from patients prior to colorectal surgery, as well as on postoperative day 1 and 2. Arginine, citrulline, ADMA, and symmetric dimethylarginine levels were measured in collected blood using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. RESULTS Data from the amino-acid blood analysis demonstrated that the levels of L-citrulline and L-arginine decreased on postoperative days 1, coinciding with an increase of ADMA levels. The overall result of these changes was a decrease in the arginine to ADMA ratio by 21% from the preoperative period to postoperative day 2 (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The data collected through this study demonstrate a significant increase in systemic ADMA levels following major laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Ragina
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | | | - Michael Doorly
- Tuality Healthcare, Hillsboro Surgical Associates, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Kyle Cologne
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Toxic Dimethylarginines: Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) and Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA). Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9030092. [PMID: 28272322 PMCID: PMC5371847 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA, respectively) are toxic, non-proteinogenic amino acids formed by post-translational modification and are uremic toxins that inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production and play multifunctional roles in many human diseases. Both ADMA and SDMA have emerged as strong predictors of cardiovascular events and death in a range of illnesses. Major progress has been made in research on ADMA-lowering therapies in animal studies; however, further studies are required to fill the translational gap between animal models and clinical trials in order to treat human diseases related to elevated ADMA/SDMA levels. Here, we review the reported impacts of ADMA and SDMA on human health and disease, focusing on the synthesis and metabolism of ADMA and SDMA; the pathophysiological roles of these dimethylarginines; clinical conditions and animal models associated with elevated ADMA and SDMA levels; and potential therapies against ADMA and SDMA. There is currently no specific pharmacological therapy for lowering the levels and counteracting the deleterious effects of ADMA and SDMA. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the impact of ADMA and SDMA on a wide range of human diseases is essential to the development of specific therapies against diseases related to ADMA and SDMA.
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Costa BP, Martins P, Veríssimo C, Simões M, Tomé M, Grazina M, Pimentel J, Castro-Sousa F. Argininemia and plasma arginine bioavailability - predictive factors of mortality in the severe trauma patients? Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:60. [PMID: 27582779 PMCID: PMC5006376 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine is an amino acid determinant in the metabolic, immune and reparative responses to severe trauma. The present study aims to determine argininemia and plasma arginine bioavailability (PAB) in critical trauma patients and to analyze its correlation with prognosis. METHODS A prospective study of 23 critical trauma patients was undertaken. Aminoacidemias were determined, by ion exchange chromatography, at admission and in the first and third days and compared with those of 11 healthy individuals. PAB was calculated. Severity indexes and outcome parameters were recorded. RESULTS Values of argininemia, citrullinemia and ornithinemia at the admission were significantly lower than those of the controls (arginine: 41.2 ± 20.6 versus 56.1 ± 11.9 μmol/L, P = 0.034). Hipoargininemia (<60 μmol/L) prevalence was 82.6 %. Mean PAB was 62.4 ± 25.6 %. Argininemia < 26 μmol/L constituted a significant predictive factor of in-hospital mortality [n = 4 (17.4 %); 75 versus 15.8 %, P = 0.04; odds ratio = 4.7; accuracy = 87 %] and lower actuarial survival (63.5 ± 43.9 versus 256.1 ± 33.3 days, P = 0.031). PAB <42 % [n = 6 (26.1 %)] was associated with higher lactacidemia levels (P = 0.033), higher in-hospital mortality (66.7 versus 11.8 %, P = 0.021; odds ratio = 5.7, accuracy = 82.6 %) and lower actuarial survival (87.2 ± 37.5 versus 261.4 ± 34.7 days, n.s.). Probability of in-hospital mortality was inversely and significantly related with PAB [61.8 ± 8.8 % (95 % CI 50.8-72.7) when PAB <41 % and 2.8 ± 1.9 % (95 % CI 1.9-8.3) when PAB > 81 %, P = 0.0001]. Charlson's index ≥1, APACHE II ≥19.5, SOFA ≥7.5, and glutaminemia < 320 μmol/L were also predictive factors of actuarial survival. CONCLUSIONS Those results confirm the high prevalence of arginine depletion in severe trauma patients and the relevance of argininemia and PAB as predictive factors of mortality in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz P. Costa
- “A” Surgical Department, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Intensive Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Veríssimo
- Genetic Biochemistry Department, Center for Neurosciences and Cellular Biology of Coimbra University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Simões
- Genetic Biochemistry Department, Center for Neurosciences and Cellular Biology of Coimbra University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marisa Tomé
- “A” Surgical Department, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuela Grazina
- Genetic Biochemistry Department, Center for Neurosciences and Cellular Biology of Coimbra University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pimentel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Intensive Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Castro-Sousa
- “A” Surgical Department, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Metabonomic analysis of potential biomarkers and drug targets involved in diabetic nephropathy mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11998. [PMID: 26149603 PMCID: PMC4493693 DOI: 10.1038/srep11998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the lethal manifestations of diabetic systemic microvascular disease. Elucidation of characteristic metabolic alterations during diabetic progression is critical to understand its pathogenesis and identify potential biomarkers and drug targets involved in the disease. In this study, (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR)-based metabonomics with correlative analysis was performed to study the characteristic metabolites, as well as the related pathways in urine and kidney samples of db/db diabetic mice, compared with age-matched wildtype mice. The time trajectory plot of db/db mice revealed alterations, in an age-dependent manner, in urinary metabolic profiles along with progression of renal damage and dysfunction. Age-dependent and correlated metabolite analysis identified that cis-aconitate and allantoin could serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of DN. Further correlative analysis revealed that the enzymes dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH I), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMG-CoA lyase) were involved in dimethylamine metabolism, ketogenesis and GTP metabolism pathways, respectively, and could be potential therapeutic targets for DN. Our results highlight that metabonomic analysis can be used as a tool to identify potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of diseases.
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Grassi G, Seravalle G, Trevano FQ, Spaziani D, Scalise F, Auguadro C, Pizzini P, Tripepi G, D'Arrigo G, Mallamaci F, Mancia G, Zoccali C. Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Sympathetic Nerve Traffic after Renal Denervation in Patients with Resistant Hypertension. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 10:1560-7. [PMID: 26138262 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.01220215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The plasma concentration of the endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) associates with sympathetic activity in patients with CKD, but the driver of this association is unknown. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS In this longitudinal study (follow-up: 2 weeks-6 months), repeated measurements over time of muscle sympathetic nerve activity corrected (MSNAC), plasma levels of ADMA and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and BP and heart rate were performed in 14 patients with drug-resistant hypertension who underwent bilateral renal denervation (enrolled in 2013 and followed-up until February 2014). Stability of ADMA, SDMA, BP, and MSNAC over time (6 months) was assessed in two historical control groups of patients maintained on stable antihypertensive treatment. RESULTS Time-integrated changes in MSNAC after renal denervation ranged from -40.6% to 10% (average, -15.1%), and these changes were strongly associated with the corresponding changes in plasma ADMA (r= 0.62, P=0.02) and SDMA (r=0.72, P=0.004). Changes in MSNAC went along with simultaneous changes in standardized systolic (r=0.65, P=0.01) and diastolic BP (r=0.61, P=0.02). In the historical control groups, no change in ADMA, SDMA, BP, and MSNAC levels was recorded during a 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In patients with resistant hypertension, changes in sympathetic activity after renal denervation associate with simultaneous changes in plasma levels of the two major endogenous methylarginines, ADMA and SDMA. These observations are compatible with the hypothesis that the sympathetic nervous system exerts an important role in modulating circulating levels of ADMA and SDMA in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fosca Quarti Trevano
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Scalise
- Cardiologia Interventistica, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy; and
| | - Carla Auguadro
- Cardiologia Interventistica, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy; and
| | - Patrizia Pizzini
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Graziella D'Arrigo
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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The Arginine/ADMA Ratio Is Related to the Prevention of Atherosclerotic Plaques in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits When Giving a Combined Therapy with Atorvastatine and Arginine. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12230-42. [PMID: 26035753 PMCID: PMC4490441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with arginine in combination with atorvastatin is more efficient in reducing the size of an atherosclerotic plaque than treatment with a statin or arginine alone in homozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits. We evaluated the mechanism behind this feature by exploring the role of the arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) ratio, which is the substrate and inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and thereby nitric oxide (NO), respectively. Methods: Rabbits were fed either an arginine diet (group A, n = 9), standard rabbit chow plus atorvastatin (group S, n = 8), standard rabbit chow plus an arginine diet with atorvastatin (group SA, n = 8) or standard rabbit chow (group C, n = 9) as control. Blood was sampled and the aorta was harvested for topographic and histological analysis. Plasma levels of arginine, ADMA, cholesterol and nitric oxide were determined and the arginine/ADMA ratio was calculated. Results: The decrease in ADMA levels over time was significantly correlated to fewer aortic lesions in the distal aorta and total aorta. The arginine/ADMA ratio was correlated to cholesterol levels and decrease in cholesterol levels over time in the SA group. A lower arginine/ADMA ratio was significantly correlated to lower NO levels in the S and C group. Discussion: A balance between arginine and ADMA is an important indicator in the prevention of the development of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Ferrigno A, Di Pasqua LG, Berardo C, Richelmi P, Vairetti M. Liver plays a central role in asymmetric dimethylarginine-mediated organ injury. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:5131-5137. [PMID: 25954086 PMCID: PMC4419053 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i17.5131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric-dimethylarginine (ADMA) competes with L-arginine for each of the three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase: endothelial; neuronal; inducible. ADMA is synthesized by protein methyltransferases followed by proteolytic degradation. ADMA is metabolized to citrulline and dimethylamine, by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) and enters cells through cationic amino-acid transporters extensively expressed in the liver. The liver plays a crucial role in ADMA metabolism by DDAH-1 and, as has been recently demonstrated, it is also responsible for ADMA biliary excretion. A correlation has been demonstrated between plasma ADMA levels and the degree of hepatic dysfunction in patients suffering from liver diseases with varying aetiologies: plasma ADMA levels are increased in patients with liver cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis and acute liver failure. The mechanism by which liver dysfunction results in raised ADMA concentrations is probably due to impaired activity of DDAH due to severe inflammation, oxidative stress, and direct damage to DDAH. High plasma ADMA levels are also relevant as they are associated with the onset of multi-organ failure (MOF). Increased plasma concentration of ADMA was identified as an independent risk factor for MOF in critically-ill patients causing enhanced Intensive Care Unit mortality: a significant reduction in nitric oxide synthesis, leading to malperfusion in various organs, eventually culminating in multi organs dysfunction.
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