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Idris M, Coussement L, Alves MM, De Meyer T, Melotte V. Promoter hypermethylation of neural-related genes is compatible with stemness in solid cancers. Epigenetics Chromatin 2023; 16:31. [PMID: 37537688 PMCID: PMC10398991 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-023-00505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA hypermethylation is an epigenetic feature that modulates gene expression, and its deregulation is observed in cancer. Previously, we identified a neural-related DNA hypermethylation fingerprint in colon cancer, where most of the top hypermethylated and downregulated genes have known functions in the nervous system. To evaluate the presence of this signature and its relevance to carcinogenesis in general, we considered 16 solid cancer types available in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS All tested cancers showed significant enrichment for neural-related genes amongst hypermethylated genes. This signature was already present in two premalignant tissue types and could not be explained by potential confounders such as bivalency status or tumor purity. Further characterization of the neural-related DNA hypermethylation signature in colon cancer showed particular enrichment for genes that are overexpressed during neural differentiation. Lastly, an analysis of upstream regulators identified RE1-Silencing Transcription factor (REST) as a potential mediator of this DNA methylation signature. CONCLUSION Our study confirms the presence of a neural-related DNA hypermethylation fingerprint in various cancers, of genes linked to neural differentiation, and points to REST as a possible regulator of this mechanism. We propose that this fingerprint indicates an involvement of DNA hypermethylation in the preservation of neural stemness in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Idris
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Coussement
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria M Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim De Meyer
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Melotte
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Nerves in gastrointestinal cancer: from mechanism to modulations. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:768-784. [PMID: 36056202 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of gastrointestinal health is challenging as it requires balancing multifaceted processes within the highly complex and dynamic ecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract. Disturbances within this vibrant environment can have detrimental consequences, including the onset of gastrointestinal cancers. Globally, gastrointestinal cancers account for ~19% of all cancer cases and ~22.5% of all cancer-related deaths. Developing new ways to more readily detect and more efficiently target these malignancies are urgently needed. Whereas members of the tumour microenvironment, such as immune cells and fibroblasts, have already been in the spotlight as key players of cancer initiation and progression, the importance of the nervous system in gastrointestinal cancers has only been highlighted in the past few years. Although extrinsic innervations modulate gastrointestinal cancers, cells and signals from the gut's intrinsic innervation also have the ability to do so. Here, we shed light on this thriving field and discuss neural influences during gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. We focus on the interactions between neurons and components of the gastrointestinal tract and tumour microenvironment, on the neural signalling pathways involved, and how these factors affect the cancer hallmarks, and discuss the neural signatures in gastrointestinal cancers. Finally, we highlight neural-related therapies that have potential for the management of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Karmakar A, Ahamad Khan MM, Kumari N, Devarajan N, Ganesan SK. Identification of Epigenetically Modified Hub Genes and Altered Pathways Associated With Retinoblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:743224. [PMID: 35359459 PMCID: PMC8960645 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.743224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common childhood malignancy initiated by biallelic mutation in RB1 gene and driven by various epigenetic events including DNA methylation and microRNA dysregulation. Hence, understanding the key genes that are critically modulated by epigenetic modifications in RB1−/− cells is very important to identify prominent biomarkers and therapeutic targets of Rb. In this study, we for the first time have integrated various Rb microarray NCBI-GEO datasets including DNA Methylation (GSE57362), miRNA (GSE7072) and mRNA (GSE110811) to comprehensively investigate the epigenetic consequences of RB loss in retinoblastoma tumors and identify genes with the potential to serve as early diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for Rb. Interestingly, the GEO2R and co-expression network analysis have identified three genes namely E2F3, ESR1, and UNC5D that are significantly deregulated by modified DNA methylation, mRNA and microRNA expression in Rb tumors. Due to their recognition in all epigenetic, transcriptomic, and miRNA datasets, we have termed these genes as “common genes”. The results of our integrative bioinformatics analysis were validated in vitro by studying the gene and protein expression of these common genes in Y79, WERI-Rb-1, Rb cell lines and non-tumorigenic retinal pigment epithelial cell line (hTERT-RPE). The expression of E2F3 and UNC5D were up-regulated and that of ESR1 was down-regulated in Rb tumor cells when compared to that in non-tumorigenic hTERT-RPE cells. More importantly, UNC5D, a potent tumor suppressor gene in most cancers is significantly up-regulated in Y79 and Weri Rb1 cells, which, in turn, questions its anti-cancer properties. Together, our study shows that E2F3, ESR1, and UNC5D may be crucially involved in Rb tumorigenesis and possess the potential to act as early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Karmakar
- Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- CSIR-IICB Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Kolkata, India
| | - Md. Maqsood Ahamad Khan
- Centre of Bioinformatics, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Nidhi Kumari
- Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- CSIR-IICB Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nalini Devarajan
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Nalini Devarajan, ; Senthil Kumar Ganesan,
| | - Senthil Kumar Ganesan
- Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- CSIR-IICB Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- *Correspondence: Nalini Devarajan, ; Senthil Kumar Ganesan,
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GNAO1 as a Novel Predictive Biomarker for Late Relapse in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:7631815. [PMID: 34900204 PMCID: PMC8654523 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7631815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
GNAO1, the alpha O1 subunit of G protein, was reported to be significantly downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as being implicated in a variety of intracellular biological events; findings suggest that it may act as a tumor suppressor. Our goal was to further explore the expression of GNAO1 in HCC patients and its potential clinical significance. Oncomine and Kaplan–Meier plotter databases were used to assess the mRNA expression of GNAO1 in HCC tissues and patient survival time. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to measure GNAO1 protein level in tissue from 79 cases of HCC and paired adjacent tissues. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Cox regression model, and prognostic nomogram were used to evaluate the prognostic role of GNAO1 in HCC. Results demonstrated that mRNA and protein expressions of GNAO1 were both lower in HCC tissues than in adjacent tissues (all p < 0.01). HCC patients with high expression of GNAO1 had better relapse-free survival (RFS) than those with low GNAO1 expression (all p < 0.05). A high expression of GNAO1, meanwhile, functioned as a good predictor of late relapse for HCC (p < 0.05). The nomogram consisting of GNAO1 expression and the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) model presented good ability in predicting the 3-year relapse for HCC (C-index = 0.614). In conclusion, GNAO1 was a reliable biomarker of relapse prediction for HCC.
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Errington TM, Denis A, Allison AB, Araiza R, Aza-Blanc P, Bower LR, Campos J, Chu H, Denson S, Donham C, Harr K, Haven B, Iorns E, Kwok J, McDonald E, Pelech S, Perfito N, Pike A, Sampey D, Settles M, Scott DA, Sharma V, Tolentino T, Trinh A, Tsui R, Willis B, Wood J, Young L. Experiments from unfinished Registered Reports in the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology. eLife 2021; 10:73430. [PMID: 34874009 PMCID: PMC8651290 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology, we published Registered Reports that described how we intended to replicate selected experiments from 29 high-impact preclinical cancer biology papers published between 2010 and 2012. Replication experiments were completed and Replication Studies reporting the results were submitted for 18 papers, of which 17 were accepted and published by eLife with the rejected paper posted as a preprint. Here, we report the status and outcomes obtained for the remaining 11 papers. Four papers initiated experimental work but were stopped without any experimental outcomes. Two papers resulted in incomplete outcomes due to unanticipated challenges when conducting the experiments. For the remaining five papers only some of the experiments were completed with the other experiments incomplete due to mundane technical or unanticipated methodological challenges. The experiments from these papers, along with the other experiments attempted as part of the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology, provides evidence about the challenges of repeating preclinical cancer biology experiments and the replicability of the completed experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne B Allison
- Piedmont Virginia Community College, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Renee Araiza
- University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | | | | | | | - Heidi Chu
- Applied Biological Materials, Richmond, Canada
| | - Sarah Denson
- University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | | | - Kaitlyn Harr
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | | | | | - Jennie Kwok
- Applied Biological Materials, Richmond, Canada
| | - Elysia McDonald
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Steven Pelech
- Kinexus Bioinformatics, Vancouver, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, United States
| | | | - Amanda Pike
- Applied Biological Materials, Richmond, Canada
| | | | | | - David A Scott
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joshua Wood
- University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Lisa Young
- Applied Biological Materials, Richmond, Canada
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Almeida-Lousada H, Mestre A, Ramalhete S, Price AJ, de Mello RA, Marreiros AD, Neves RPD, Castelo-Branco P. Screening for Colorectal Cancer Leading into a New Decade: The "Roaring '20s" for Epigenetic Biomarkers? Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4874-4893. [PMID: 34898591 PMCID: PMC8628779 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has an important bearing (top five) on cancer incidence and mortality in the world. The etiology of sporadic CRC is related to the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that result in the appearance of cancer hallmarks such as abnormal proliferation, evasion of immune destruction, resistance to apoptosis, replicative immortality, and others, contributing to cancer promotion, invasion, and metastasis. It is estimated that, each year, at least four million people are diagnosed with CRC in the world. Depending on CRC staging at diagnosis, many of these patients die, as CRC is in the top four causes of cancer death in the world. New and improved screening tests for CRC are needed to detect the disease at an early stage and adopt patient management strategies to decrease the death toll. The three pillars of CRC screening are endoscopy, radiological imaging, and molecular assays. Endoscopic procedures comprise traditional colonoscopy, and more recently, capsule-based endoscopy. The main imaging modality remains Computed Tomography (CT) of the colon. Molecular approaches continue to grow in the diversity of biomarkers and the sophistication of the technologies deployed to detect them. What started with simple fecal occult blood tests has expanded to an armamentarium, including mutation detection and identification of aberrant epigenetic signatures known to be oncogenic. Biomarker-based screening methods have critical advantages and are likely to eclipse the classical modalities of imaging and endoscopy in the future. For example, imaging methods are costly and require highly specialized medical personnel. In the case of endoscopy, their invasiveness limits compliance from large swaths of the population, especially those with average CRC risk. Beyond mere discomfort and fear, there are legitimate iatrogenic concerns associated with endoscopy. The risks of perforation and infection make endoscopy best suited for a confirmatory role in cases where there are positive results from other diagnostic tests. Biomarker-based screening methods are largely non-invasive and are growing in scope. Epigenetic biomarkers, in particular, can be detected in feces and blood, are less invasive to the average-risk patient, detect early-stage CRC, and have a demonstrably superior patient follow-up. Given the heterogeneity of CRC as it evolves, optimal screening may require a battery of blood and stool tests, where each can leverage different pathways perturbed during carcinogenesis. What follows is a comprehensive, systematic review of the literature pertaining to the screening and diagnostic protocols used in CRC. Relevant articles were retrieved from the PubMed database using keywords including: "Screening", "Diagnosis", and "Biomarkers for CRC". American and European clinical trials in progress were included as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélder Almeida-Lousada
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - André Mestre
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Sara Ramalhete
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Aryeh J. Price
- School of Law, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA;
| | - Ramon Andrade de Mello
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04037-004, Brazil
- Precision Oncology & Health Economics Group (ONCOPRECH), Post-Graduation Program in Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Ana D. Marreiros
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pires das Neves
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.P.d.N.); (P.C.-B.); Tel.: +351-231-249-170 (R.P.d.N.); +351-289-800-100 (ext. 7813) (P.C.-B.)
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.P.d.N.); (P.C.-B.); Tel.: +351-231-249-170 (R.P.d.N.); +351-289-800-100 (ext. 7813) (P.C.-B.)
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Porcuna J, Mínguez-Martínez J, Ricote M. The PPARα and PPARγ Epigenetic Landscape in Cancer and Immune and Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910573. [PMID: 34638914 PMCID: PMC8508752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-modulated nuclear receptors that play pivotal roles in nutrient sensing, metabolism, and lipid-related processes. Correct control of their target genes requires tight regulation of the expression of different PPAR isoforms in each tissue, and the dysregulation of PPAR-dependent transcriptional programs is linked to disorders, such as metabolic and immune diseases or cancer. Several PPAR regulators and PPAR-regulated factors are epigenetic effectors, including non-coding RNAs, epigenetic enzymes, histone modifiers, and DNA methyltransferases. In this review, we examine advances in PPARα and PPARγ-related epigenetic regulation in metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes, immune disorders, such as sclerosis and lupus, and a variety of cancers, providing new insights into the possible therapeutic exploitation of PPAR epigenetic modulation.
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Ye Z, Li Y, Xie J, Feng Z, Yang X, Wu Y, Pu Y, Gao J, Xu X, Zhu Z, Li W, Chen W, Xing C. Integrated bioinformatics identifies the dysregulation induced by aberrant gene methylation in colorectal carcinoma. Genes Dis 2021; 8:521-530. [PMID: 34179314 PMCID: PMC8209361 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common cancers, and is associated with a poor clinical outcome. The key genes and potential prognostic markers in colorectal carcinoma remain to be identified and explored for clinical application. DNA expression/methylation profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed/methylated genes (DEGs and DEMs). A total of 255 genes and 372 genes were identified as being up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, in GSE113513, GSE81558, and GSE89076. There were a total of 3350 hypermethylated genes and 443 hypomethylated genes identified in GSE48684. Twenty genes were found to be hypermethylated as well as down-regulated, and a functional enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were mainly involved in cancer-related pathways. Among these 20 genes, GPM6A, HAND2 and C2orf40 were related to poor outcomes in cancer patients based on a survival analysis. Concurrent decreases of GPM6A, HAND2 and C2orf40 protein expression were observed in highly-differentiated colorectal carcinoma tissues, and higher expression levels were found in undifferentiated or minimally-differentiated colorectal carcinoma tissues. In conclusion, 20 genes were found to be downregulated and hypermethylated in CRC, among which GPM6A, HAND2 and C2orf40 were explored for their potential prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiaming Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Yuwei Pu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Jiawei Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Zhaobi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Chungen Xing
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
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Rademakers G, Massen M, Koch A, Draht MX, Buekers N, Wouters KAD, Vaes N, De Meyer T, Carvalho B, Meijer GA, Herman JG, Smits KM, van Engeland M, Melotte V. Identification of DNA methylation markers for early detection of CRC indicates a role for nervous system-related genes in CRC. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:80. [PMID: 33858496 PMCID: PMC8048074 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Colonoscopy and the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are currently the most widely used screening modalities for colorectal cancer (CRC), however, both with their own limitations. Here we aim to identify and validate stool-based DNA methylation markers for the early detection of CRC and investigate the biological pathways prone to DNA methylation. Methods DNA methylation marker discovery was performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) colon adenocarcinoma data set consisting of normal and primary colon adenocarcinoma tissue. The performance of the five best candidate markers and a previously identified marker, NDRG4, was evaluated on tissues and whole stool samples of healthy subjects and CRC patients using quantitative MSP assays. The results were compared and combined with FIT data. Finally, pathway and gene ontology enrichment analyses were performed using ToppFun, GOrilla and clusterProfiler. Results GDNF, HAND2, SLC35F3, SNAP91 and SORCS1 were ranked as the best performing markers. Gene combinations of all five markers, NDRG4 and FIT were evaluated to establish the biomarker panel with the highest diagnostic potential, resulting in the identification of GDNF/SNAP91/NDRG4/FIT as the best performing marker panel. Pathway and gene ontology enrichment analyses revealed that genes associated with the nervous system were enriched in the set of best performing CRC-specific biomarkers. Conclusion In silico discovery analysis using TCGA-derived data yielded a novel DNA-methylation-based assay for the early detection of CRC, potentially improving current screening modalities. Additionally, nervous system-related pathways were enriched in the identified genes, indicating an epigenetic regulation of neuronal genes in CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01067-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Rademakers
- Department of Pathology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Massen
- Department of Pathology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of Pathology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel X Draht
- Department of Pathology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nikkie Buekers
- Department of Pathology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim A D Wouters
- Department of Pathology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Vaes
- Department of Pathology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim De Meyer
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James G Herman
- The Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kim M Smits
- Department of Pathology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Manon van Engeland
- Department of Pathology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Melotte
- Department of Pathology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Tang D, Huang W, Yang Z, Wu X, Sang X, Wang K, Cao G, Hao M. Two immune-enhanced molecular subtypes differ in inflammation, immune checkpoints, mutations, and prognostic outcome in stage I-II colonic carcinoma. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22703. [PMID: 33410236 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the immune function of the tumor microenvironment and its clinical correlation with colonic carcinoma. Immune genes were downloaded from the The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Five subtypes are obtained by cluster screening based on immune gene expression data. The C3 and C4 subtypes show stronger immune activity. In addition, the C4 subtype has the largest number of gene mutations and the worst prognosis. Most of the immune signatures are upregulated in the C4 subtype, while most of the immune infiltration-related cells are upregulated in the C3 and C4 subtypes. The different immune microenvironments between these subtypes may provide new ideas for immunotherapy strategies in colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Tang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kuilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Identification of Monotonically Differentially Expressed Genes across Pathologic Stages for Cancers. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:8458190. [PMID: 33273919 PMCID: PMC7676961 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8458190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Given the fact that cancer is a multistage progression process resulting from genetic sequence mutations, the genes whose expression values increase or decrease monotonically across pathologic stages are potentially involved in tumor progression. This may provide insightful clues about how human cancers advance, thereby facilitating more personalized treatments. By replacing the expression values of genes with their GeneRanks, we propose a procedure capable of identifying monotonically differentially expressed genes (MEGs) as the disease advances. Using three real-world gene expression data that cover three distinct cancer types-colon, esophageal, and lung cancers-the proposed procedure has demonstrated excellent performance in detecting the potential MEGs. To conclude, the proposed procedure can detect MEGs across pathologic stages of cancers very efficiently and is thus highly recommended.
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12
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Epigenetic Clock: DNA Methylation in Aging. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:1047896. [PMID: 32724310 PMCID: PMC7366189 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1047896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging, which is accompanied by decreased organ function and increased disease incidence, limits human lifespan and has attracted investigators for thousands of years. In recent decades, with the rapid development of biology, scientists have shown that epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation, are key regulators involved in this process. Regular fluctuations in global DNA methylation levels have been shown to accurately estimate biological age and disease prognosis. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the relationship between variations in DNA methylation level patterns and aging. In addition, we introduce the known mechanisms by which DNA methylation regulators affect aging and related diseases. As more studies uncover the mechanisms by which DNA methylation regulates aging, antiaging interventions and treatments for related diseases may be developed that enable human life extension.
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13
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Construction of a CXC Chemokine-Based Prediction Model for the Prognosis of Colon Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6107865. [PMID: 32337262 PMCID: PMC7150705 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6107865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer, with a high incidence and mortality. Construction of a specific and sensitive prediction model for prognosis is urgently needed. In this study, profiles of patients with colon cancer with clinical and gene expression data were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). CXC chemokines in patients with colon cancer were investigated by differential expression gene analysis, overall survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and weighted gene coexpression network analysis. CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL11 were upregulated in patients with colon cancer and significantly correlated with prognosis. The area under curve (AUC) of the multigene forecast model of CXCL1, CXCL11, CXCL2, and CXCL3 was 0.705 in the GSE41258 dataset and 0.624 in TCGA. The prediction model was constructed using the risk score of the multigene model and three clinicopathological risk factors and exhibited 92.6% and 91.8% accuracy in predicting 3-year and 5-year overall survival of patients with colon cancer, respectively. In addition, by GSEA, expression of CXCL1, CXCL11, CXCL2, and CXCL3 was correlated with several signaling pathways, including NOD-like receptor, oxidative phosphorylation, mTORC1, interferon-gamma response, and IL6/JAK/STAT3 pathways. Patients with colon cancer will benefit from this prediction model for prognosis, and this will pave the way to improve the survival rate and optimize treatment for colon cancer.
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14
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Dai Y, Lv Q, Qi T, Qu J, Ni H, Liao Y, Liu P, Qu Q. Identification of hub methylated-CpG sites and associated genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3174-3187. [PMID: 32155325 PMCID: PMC7196066 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve personalized diagnosis and prognosis for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by identification of hub methylated‐CpG sites and associated genes, weighted gene comethylation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to examine and identify hub modules and CpG sites correlated with OSCC. Here, WGCNA modeling yielded blue and brown comethylation modules that were significantly associated with OSCC status. Following screening of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from gene expression microarrays and differentially methylated‐CpG sites (DCGs), integrated multiomics analysis of the DEGs, DCGs, and hub CpG sites from the modules was performed to investigate their correlations. Expression levels of 16 CpG sites‐associated genes were negatively correlated with methylation patterns of promoter. Moreover, Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis of the hub CpG sites and associated genes was carried out using 2 public databases, MethSurv and GEPIA. Only 5 genes, ACTA1, ACTN2, OSR1, SYNGR1, and ZNF677, had significant overall survival using GEPIA. Hypermethylated‐CpG sites ACTN2‐cg21376883 and OSR1‐cg06509239 were found to be associated with poor survival by MethSurv. Methylation status of specific site and expression levels of associated genes were determined using clinical samples by quantitative methylation‐specific PCR and real‐time PCR. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that methylation levels of cg06509239 and cg18335068 were negatively related to OSR1 and ZNF677 expression levels, respectively. Our classification schema using multiomics analysis represents a screening framework for identification of hub CpG sites and associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiaoli Lv
- Department of Science and Education, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tingting Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongli Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongkang Liao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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15
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Assaraf YG, Brozovic A, Gonçalves AC, Jurkovicova D, Linē A, Machuqueiro M, Saponara S, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Xavier CP, Vasconcelos MH. The multi-factorial nature of clinical multidrug resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 46:100645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Toiyama Y, Okugawa Y, Kondo S, Okita Y, Araki T, Kusunoki K, Uchino M, Ikeuchi H, Hirota S, Mitsui A, Takehana K, Umezawa T, Kusunoki M. Comprehensive analysis identifying aberrant DNA methylation in rectal mucosa from ulcerative colitis patients with neoplasia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33149-33159. [PMID: 30237858 PMCID: PMC6145694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are no biomarkers to facilitate the identification of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who are at high risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). In our current study, we used rectal tissues from UC patients to identify aberrant DNA methylations and evaluated whether they could be used to identify UC patients with coexisting colorectal neoplasia. Results Using a training set, we identified 484 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) with absolute delta beta-values > 0.1 in rectal mucosa by using the ChAMP algorithm. Next, pathway enrichment analysis was performed using 484 DMRs to select coordinately methylated DMRs, resulting in the selection of 187 aberrant DMRs in rectal tissues from UC-CRC. Then, the Elastic Net classification algorithm was performed to narrow down optimal aberrant DMRs, and we finally selected 11 DMRs as biomarkers for identification of UC-CRC patients. The 11 chosen DMRs could discriminate UC patients with or without CRC in a training set (area under the curve, 0.96) and the validation set (area under the curve, 0.81). Conclusions In conclusion, we identified 11 DMRs that could identify UC patients with CRC complications. Prospective studies should further confirm the validity of these biomarkers. Methods We performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in rectal mucosal tissues (n = 48) from 24 UC-CRC and 24 UC patients in a training set. Next, we performed comprehensive DNA methylation analysis using rectal mucosal tissues (n = 16) from 8 UC-CRC and 8 UC patients for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Satoru Kondo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Okita
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Araki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Kurando Kusunoki
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Motoi Uchino
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ikeuchi
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Hirota
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akira Mitsui
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Takehana
- R&D Planning Department, EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masato Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
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