The expression and role of miR-181a in multiple myeloma

Effect of adipose tissue on the development of multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM), also referred to as Kahler's disease, is a cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal plasma cells and is associated with alterations in the bone tissue microenvironment. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), which comprises approximately ten percent of total body fat, can influence the progression, survival, and drug resistance of MM cells through paracrine, hormonal, and metabolic pathways. Obesity can lead to an increase in BMAT mass, which not only disrupts bone metabolism but also reduces bone density, potentially progressing from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, a benign condition, to MM. A range of factors, including impaired fatty acid metabolism, increased production of adipokines that support myeloma, and heightened expression of oncogenic microRNAs in multiple myeloma, contribute to the progression of this incurable blood cancer. To better understand the relationship between excess adipose tissue accumulation and the risk of developing multiple myeloma, a comprehensive review of published data was conducted.

The role of miR-765 in human cancers

MicroRNAs, a collection of short noncoding RNAs, are promising biomarkers for identifying cancer in its early stages and tracking the effectiveness of treatment. This is due to their critical role in regulating gene expression and other vital biological functions via cell-level epigenetic mechanisms. This review brings together data on the molecular and clinical effects of miR-765 on different types of cancer. Significant variation in miR-765 levels has been observed in a variety of cancer types, suggesting that it could have an oncogene or tumor suppressor role. A number of pathways, including PLP2/Notch, VEGFA/Akt1, PDX1, KLK4, RUNX2, DPF3, EMP3, APE1, ERK/EMT axis, and others, are impacted by the inclusion of miR-765 in their analysis. MiR-765 is an essential biomarker that shows promise as a diagnostic tool for various types of cancer. The latest research has identified them as reliable predictive markers for detecting tumor development at an early stage. Based on our study, miR-765 shows promising potential as a biomarker for prognosis in multiple types of cancer. Specifically, we suggest that miR-765 could be an early detection marker for tumor development, progression, and metastasis.

MiR-181a promotes cell proliferation and migration through targeting KLF15 in papillary thyroid cancer

INTRODUCTION

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the predominant histological type of thyroid cancer, accounting for 80% of thyroid cancers. MiR-181a is a novel microRNA that is usually upregulated in multiple cancers. This study aims to explore the role and underlying mechanism of miR-181a in PTC.

METHODS

CCK8 and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate cell viability and migration. The mRNA level of miR-181a and KLF15 was calculated by qRT-PCR. The protein level of E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin and GAPDH was evaluated by western blot. Dual luciferase assay was conducted to validate that miR-181a directly targeting the 3'-UTR of KLF15 mRNA in TPC-1 cells.

RESULTS

We observed that miR-181a was overexpressed and KLF15 was low expressed in PTC tissues and cell lines. Upregulation of miR-181a or downregulation of KLF15 predicted poor outcomes in PTC patients. MiR-181a improved cell growth of PTC, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in TPC-1 cells. KLF15 was a target gene of miR-181a and its expression was mediated by miR-181a. KLF15 partially reversed the facilitating effect of miR-181a on cell proliferation and migration in TPC-1 cells.

CONCLUSION

We discovered that miR-181a served as an oncogene downregulating KLF15, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and the EMT. These findings demonstrate that miR-181a plays a significant role in PTC progression and could be a therapeutic target for PTC.

Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease: Implication of MicroRNAs in Its Molecular Background

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy arising from terminally differentiated plasma cells. In the majority of cases, symptomatic disease is characterized by the presence of bone disease. Multiple myeloma bone disease (MMBD) is a result of an imbalance in the bone-remodeling process that leads to increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity. The molecular background of MMBD appears intriguingly complex, as several signaling pathways and cell-to-cell interactions are implicated in the pathophysiology of MMBD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the expression of their target mRNAs. Numerous miRNAs have been witnessed to be involved in cancer and hematological malignancies and their role has been characterized either as oncogenic or oncosuppressive. Recently, scientific research turned towards miRNAs as regulators of MMBD. Scientific data support that miRNAs finely regulate the majority of the signaling pathways implicated in MMBD. In this review, we provide concise information regarding the molecular pathways with a significant role in MMBD and the miRNAs implicated in their regulation. Moreover, we discuss their utility as molecular biomarkers and highlight the putative usage of miRNAs as novel molecular targets for targeted therapy in MMBD.

miR-744-5p Inhibits Multiple Myeloma Proliferation, Epithelial Mesenchymal Transformation and Glycolysis by Targeting SOX12/Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

Purpose

This study investigated the function and molecular mechanisms of miR-744-5p in multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods

miR-744-5p and SRY-related high-mobility-group box 12 (SOX12) expression in clinical tissues and MM cells was monitored by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions and Western blot. miR-744-5p expression in MM cells was regulated by transfection. Cell proliferation was researched by cell counting kit-8 assay and plate clone formation experiment. Transwell experiment was utilized for migration and invasion detection. Glycolysis test was conducted for the detection of glucose uptake and lactate production of MM cells. The relationship between miR-744-5p and SOX12 was determined by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull-down experiment. In vivo experiment was conducted using nude mice.

Results

miR-744-5p expression was reduced in MM patients (P<0.01). Low miR-744-5p expression was associated with lower 60-month survival in MM patients (P=0.0402). miR-744-5p overexpression inhibited MM cells proliferation, invasion, migration, glucose uptake, lactate production, and epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) (P<0.01). miR-744-5p directly inhibited SOX12 expression. miR-744-5p silencing promoted MM cells proliferation, invasion, migration, glucose uptake, lactate production, and EMT by elevating SOX12 (P<0.01). miR-744-5p inhibited the growth of MM xenograft tumors in vivo (P<0.001).

Conclusion

miR-744-5p inhibits MM cells proliferation, invasion, migration, EMT, and glycolysis by targeting SOX12/Wnt/β-catenin.

Potential diagnostic value of circulating miRNA for multiple myeloma: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second incurable hematological malignancy. In recent years, due to the rise of microRNA (miRNA), many scholars have participated in the study of its value in the diagnosis of MM, and have obtained good but inconsistent results. Therefore, in order to determine the role of miRNA in the early diagnosis of MM, we performed this meta-analysis.

METHODS

We searched for related studies including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Database as of July 20, 2020 to conduct this meta-analysis. To improve the accuracy, the quality assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Study 2 (QUADAS-2) was used. We also applied random effects models to summarize sensitivity and specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and area under the curve (AUC) to measure diagnostic values, and subgroup analysis used to discover potential sources of heterogeneity.

RESULTS

We finally collected 32 studies from 15 articles that included a total of 2053 MM patients and 1118 healthy controls in this meta-analysis. The overall sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUC were 0.81, 0.85, 5.5, 0.22, 25 and 0.90, respectively. Subgroup analysis shows that the down-regulation of microRNA clusters with larger samples size of plasma type could carry out a better diagnostic accuracy of MM patients. In addition, publication bias was not found.

CONCLUSIONS

Circulating miRNA could be a potential non-invasive biomarker for early diagnosis of MM. However, multi-center, more rigorous, and larger-scale studies are needed to verify our conclusions.

MicroRNAs-Based Nano-Strategies as New Therapeutic Approach in Multiple Myeloma to Overcome Disease Progression and Drug Resistance

MicroRNAs (miRNAs, or miRs) are single-strand short non-coding RNAs with a pivotal role in the regulation of physiological- or disease-associated cellular processes. They bind to target miRs modulating gene expression at post-transcriptional levels. Here, we present an overview of miRs deregulation in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), and discuss the potential use of miRs/nanocarriers association in clinic. Since miRs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, strategies based on their inhibition and/or replacement represent the new opportunities in cancer therapy. The miRs delivery systems include liposomes, polymers, and exosomes that increase their physical stability and prevent nuclease degradation. Phase I/II clinical trials support the importance of miRs as an innovative therapeutic approach in nanomedicine to prevent cancer progression and drug resistance. Results in clinical practice are promising.