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Zanetti MA, Sangiuliano Intra F, Taverna L, Brighi A, Marinoni C. The Influence of Gifted Children's Stress Management on Parental Stress Levels. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:538. [PMID: 38790533 PMCID: PMC11119993 DOI: 10.3390/children11050538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the associations between gifted children's stress management and parental stress level. A sample of 78 primary school children and their 76 parents took part in this study. Children were screened for intelligence and emotional quotients, while parents were tested for stress levels. Results show that the more children are aware of their stress-management skills, the less parents are stressed out. Moreover, the intelligence quotient is not significant in mediating this association, supporting the idea that it is not an a priori protective factor from a developmental perspective. The study findings suggest that when a child is equipped with the skills to handle stress by harnessing their emotional intelligence, it can have a beneficial effect on the entire family's well-being. Given that these skills can be developed, and the significant positive influence they have on a child's growth and adaptation, it is essential to offer specialized educational programs to gifted children. These programs should aim to enhance their emotional skills, which, in turn, can indirectly bolster the psychological health of the family unit as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Assunta Zanetti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.Z.); (C.M.)
| | | | - Livia Taverna
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, 39042 Bressanone-Brixen, Italy; (L.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonella Brighi
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, 39042 Bressanone-Brixen, Italy; (L.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Carlo Marinoni
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.Z.); (C.M.)
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Hosgorler F, Akkaya EC, Ilgin R, Koc B, Kizildag S, Gumus H, Uysal N. The ameliorative effect of midazolam on empathy-like behavior in old rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3183-3193. [PMID: 37209151 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although studies suggest that cognitive functions in the elderly are impaired, elderly people tend to be more successful and wiser in solving emotional problems. In empathy-like behavior models, the observer rat rescues the distressed cage mate by displaying emotional and cognitive ability. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in empathy-like behavior in older rats in comparison to adult rats. In addition, we wanted to determine the effects of alterations in neurochemicals (such as corticosterone, oxytocin, vasopressin, and their receptor levels) and emotional situations on this behavior. In our study, we initially completed empathy-like behavior tests and emotional tests (open field, elevated plus maze) and performed neurochemical examinations in the serum and brain tissues. In the second step of research, we applied a midazolam (benzodiazepine) treatment to examine the effect of anxiety on empathy-like behavior. In the old rats, we observed that empathy-like behavior deteriorated, and anxiety signs were more pronounced. We detected a positive correlation between the latency in empathy-like behavior and corticosterone levels and v1b receptor levels. The midazolam effect on empathy-like behavior was attenuated by flumazenil (a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist). The recordings of ultrasonic vocalization showed frequencies around 50 kHz emitted by the observer and this was associated with the expectation of social contact. Our results state that compared to adult rats, old rats were more concerned and failed during empathy-like behavior. Midazolam may improve this behavior by anxiolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Hosgorler
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Erhan Caner Akkaya
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rabia Ilgin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Basar Koc
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Servet Kizildag
- College of Vocational School of Health Services, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Gumus
- School of Sport Sciences and Technology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nazan Uysal
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
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Meng F, Wang L. Bidirectional mechanism of comorbidity of depression and insomnia based on synaptic plasticity. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:1518-1528. [PMID: 38432881 PMCID: PMC10929903 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.230082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Insomnia is one of the most common accompanying symptoms of depression, with both sharing highly overlapping molecular pathways. The same pathological changes can trigger comorbidity of insomnia and depression, which further forms a vicious cycle with the involvement of more mechanisms and disease progression. Thus, understanding the potential interaction mechanisms between insomnia and depression is critical for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Comorbidity genetic factors, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, along with circadian rhythms of cortisol and the brain reward mechanism, are important ways in contributing to the comorbidity occurrence and development. However, owing to lack of pertinent investigational data, intricate molecular mechanisms necessitate further elaboration. Synaptic plasticity is a solid foundation for neural homeostasis. Pathological alterations of depression and insomnia may perturb the production and release of neurotransmitter, dendritic spine remodeling and elimination, which converges and reflects in aberrant synaptic dynamics. Hence, the introduction of synaptic plasticity research route and the construction of a comprehensive model of depression and insomnia comorbidity can provide new ideas for clinical depression insomnia comorbidity treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Meng
- First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040.
| | - Long Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
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Leonardo S, Fregni F. Association of inflammation and cognition in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1069439. [PMID: 36815174 PMCID: PMC9939705 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1069439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be associated with an inflammatory process. Inflammatory cytokines may be a surrogate for systemic inflammation leading to worsening neurological function. We aim to investigate the association between cognitive impairment and inflammation by pooling and analyzing the data from previously published studies. Methods We performed a systematic literature search on MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for prospective longitudinal and cross-sectional studies evaluating the relationship between inflammation and cognitive functions. Results A total of 79 articles were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled estimates from cross-sectional studies have demonstrated an increased level of C-reactive protein (CRP) [Hedges's g 0.35, 95% CI (0.16, 0.55), p < 0.05], IL-1β [0.94, 95% CI (-0.04, 1.92), p < 0.05], interleukin-6 (IL-6) [0.46, 95% CI (0.05, 0.88), p < 0.005], TNF alpha [0.22, 95% CI (-0.24, 0.68), p < 0.05], sTNFR-1 [0.74, 95% CI (0.46, 1.02), p < 0.05] in AD compared to controls. Similarly, higher levels of IL-1β [0.17, 95% CI (0.05, 0.28), p < 0.05], IL-6 [0.13, 95% CI (0.08, 0.18), p < 0.005], TNF alpha [0.28, 95% CI (0.07, 0.49), p < 0.05], sTNFR-1 [0.21, 95% CI (0.05, 0.48), p < 0.05] was also observed in MCI vs. control samples. The data from longitudinal studies suggested that levels of IL-6 significantly increased the risk of cognitive decline [OR = 1.34, 95% CI (1.13, 1.56)]. However, intermediate levels of IL-6 had no significant effect on the final clinical endpoint [OR = 1.06, 95% CI (0.8, 1.32)]. Conclusion The data from cross-sectional studies suggest a higher level of inflammatory cytokines in AD and MCI as compared to controls. Moreover, data from longitudinal studies suggest that the risk of cognitive deterioration may increase by high IL-6 levels. According to our analysis, CRP, antichymotrypsin (ACT), Albumin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha may not be good surrogates for neurological degeneration over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Leonardo
- Ph.D. Department, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Guatemala City, Guatemala,*Correspondence: Sofia Leonardo,
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Center for Neuromodulation and Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Giannouli V. Are sex differences in self-estimated intelligence an elusive phenomenon? Exploring the role of working memory, creativity, and other psychological correlates in young and older adults. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2857. [PMID: 36704836 PMCID: PMC9927843 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is research examining the demographic predictors of self-estimated intelligence (SEI) in young adults, so far SEI in old age is little investigated. This study aims to examine the influence of additional variables such as self-estimated emotional intelligence (SEEQ), physical attractiveness, health, general optimism, religiousness, and working memory (WM) on SEI both in young and older adults. METHODS A total of 159 young (90 women, Mage = 28.77, SD = 8.83) and 152 older adults (93 women, Mage = 71.92, SD = 6.84) completed a measure of SEI as well as questions regarding the abovementioned variables. Given that WM is considered a very strong predictor of intelligence, neuropsychological assessment included the measurement of WM and phonologically cued semantic retrieval-verbal storage and processing in WM, as assessed by the Digit Span Forward and Verbal Fluency Task. The visual storage in WM was assessed with a variation of the Visual Patterns Test, and the visual storage and processing in WM with the Corsi blocks task (backward). Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-X) was also administered as a possible influence on cognitive performance and SEI. RESULTS Young males rated their intelligence quotient (IQ) and emotional quotient (EQ) higher than young females. This was not confirmed for older adults, for which surprisingly the reversed pattern was found. Older women reported higher IQ and EQ than older men. Correlations showed for all participants that the higher they rated their IQ, the higher their ratings of EQ, physical attractiveness, health, and religiousness. No significant correlations between objective tests regarding WM and SEI were found, supporting SEI overestimations. Age, sex, physical attractiveness, and SEEQ were significant predictors of SEI. DISCUSSION For the first time, a reverse sex difference across age groups in SEI is found. Implications for individuals and healthcare professionals involved in assessment are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaitsa Giannouli
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Psychology, University of Western Macedonia, Florina, Greece.,Department of Educational and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Rong J, Yang Y, Liang M, Zhong H, Li Y, Zhu Y, Sha S, Chen L, Zhou R. Neonatal inflammation increases hippocampal KCC2 expression through methylation-mediated TGF-β1 downregulation leading to impaired hippocampal cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in adult mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:15. [PMID: 36691035 PMCID: PMC9872321 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which neonatal inflammation leads to cognitive deficits in adulthood remain poorly understood. Inhibitory GABAergic synaptic transmission plays a vital role in controlling learning, memory and synaptic plasticity. Since early-life inflammation has been reported to adversely affect the GABAergic synaptic transmission, the aim of this study was to investigate whether and how neonatal inflammation affects GABAergic synaptic transmission resulting in cognitive impairment. Neonatal mice received a daily subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 μg/kg) or saline on postnatal days 3-5. It was found that blocking GABAergic synaptic transmission reversed the deficit in hippocampus-dependent memory or the induction failure of long-term potentiation in the dorsal CA1 in adult LPS mice. An increase of mIPSCs amplitude was further detected in adult LPS mice indicative of postsynaptic potentiation of GABAergic transmission. Additionally, neonatal LPS resulted in the increased expression and function of K+-Cl--cotransporter 2 (KCC2) and the decreased expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in the dorsal CA1 during adulthood. The local TGF-β1 overexpression improved KCC2 expression and function, synaptic plasticity and memory of adult LPS mice. Adult LPS mice show hypermethylation of TGFb1 promoter and negatively correlate with reduced TGF-β1 transcripts. 5-Aza-deoxycytidine restored the changes in TGFb1 promoter methylation and TGF-β1 expression. Altogether, the results suggest that hypermethylation-induced reduction of TGF-β1 leads to enhanced GABAergic synaptic inhibition through increased KCC2 expression, which is a underlying mechanism of neonatal inflammation-induced hippocampus-dependent memory impairment in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Rong
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Yang Yang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Min Liang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Haiquan Zhong
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Yingchun Li
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Yichao Zhu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Sha Sha
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Lei Chen
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Rong Zhou
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
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Ospina LH, Beck-Felts K, Ifrah C, Lister A, Messer S, Russo SJ, Gross JJ, Kimhy D. Inflammation and emotion regulation: Findings from the MIDUS II study. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100536. [PMID: 36247835 PMCID: PMC9563642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) strategies are thought to contribute to mental as well as physical health outcomes. Two common ER strategies include expressive suppression, or inhibition of emotional expression, and cognitive reappraisal, which involves changing how to think about an emotion-eliciting event in order to change its emotional impact. Recent reports have hypothesized that one potential way in which ER may be linked to health outcomes is via the immune system. However, information on this putative link is scarce. The present study aims to explore whether peripheral inflammatory biomarkers are associated with individual differences in ER-strategy use. Participants (n = 117) from the Midlife in the United States II (MIDUS II) study completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and provided a blood sample for immune biomarker extraction including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), E-selectin, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and fibrinogen. Results showed higher levels of expressive suppression were associated with decreased IL-10, TNF-α, and ICAM-1 levels (controlling for age, sex, BMI, total prescribed medications, and depressive symptoms). Consistent with these findings, hierarchical regression results identified TNF-α as a significant predictor of expressive suppression use. In contrast, no inflammatory markers were associated with predicted use of cognitive reappraisal. Our findings suggest a link between inflammation and specific ER-strategy use. Future research should consider the effects of pro-vs. anti-inflammatory cytokines on adaptive ER and subsequent mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz H. Ospina
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katie Beck-Felts
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chloe Ifrah
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Lister
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sylvie Messer
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott J. Russo
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James J. Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Kimhy
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- MIRECC, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Khan H, Gupta R, Mishra S. An assessment and correlation of emotional Intelligence and mental health of medical students. INDIAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2022.v34i03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Emotions like joy, anger, grief, jealousy, love, fear make our life worthwhile. Whatever we do, incites some emotion in us. If we are able to enjoy our emotions, without them having excessive control over us, then we can make ours as well as others’ lives better. Aim of the study was to assess and correlate emotional Intelligence with mental health. Methods: Type of study: Descriptive type of cross sectional study. Sampling: Simple random sampling. Study population: Under graduate students in a private medical college in western Uttar Pradesh. Study duration: 1/07/2019 to 1/09/2019. Sample size: 246. Results: The average emotional intelligence score was 26.82 with standard deviation of ±5.80. Average emotional intelligence among males was 27.04(±6.72) and was 26.63(±5.07) among females. Spearman Rank correlation coefficient “r” =0.789, showed highly positive correlation between ranks from both the score. (p=0.0000). Conclusions: The medical students showing higher scores of emotional intelligence are less likely to be mentally stressed.
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Hu M, Zhang P, Wang R, Zhou M, Pang N, Cui X, Ge X, Liu X, Huang XF, Yu Y. Three Different Types of β-Glucans Enhance Cognition: The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:848930. [PMID: 35308288 PMCID: PMC8927932 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.848930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary fiber is fermented in the lower gastrointestinal tract, potentially impacting the microbial ecosystem and thus may improve elements of cognition and brain function via the gut-brain axis. β-glucans, soluble dietary fiber, have different macrostructures and may exhibit different effects on the gut-brain axis. This study aimed to compare the effects of β-glucans from mushroom, curdlan and oats bran, representing β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan, β-(1,3)-glucan or β-(1,3)/(1,4)-glucan, on cognition and the gut-brain axis. Methods C57BL/6J mice were fed with either control diet or diets supplemented with β-glucans from mushroom, curdlan and oats bran for 15 weeks. The cognitive functions were evaluated by using the temporal order memory and Y-maze tests. The parameters of the gut-brain axis were examined, including the synaptic proteins and ultrastructure and microglia status in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as colonic immune response and mucus thickness and gut microbiota profiles. Results All three supplementations with β-glucans enhanced the temporal order recognition memory. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the post-synaptic protein 95 (PSD95) increased in the PFC. Furthermore, mushroom β-glucan significantly increased the post-synaptic thickness of synaptic ultrastructure in the PFC whilst the other two β-glucans had no significant effect. Three β-glucan supplementations decreased the microglia number in the PFC and hippocampus, and affected complement C3 and cytokines expression differentially. In the colon, every β-glucan supplementation increased the number of CD206 positive cells and promoted the expression of IL-10 and reduced IL-6 and TNF-α expression. The correlation analysis highlights that degree of cognitive behavior improved by β-glucan supplementations was significantly associated with microglia status in the hippocampus and PFC and the number of colonic M2 macrophages. In addition, only β-glucan from oat bran altered gut microbiota and enhanced intestinal mucus. Conclusions We firstly demonstrated long-term supplementation of β-glucans enhanced recognition memory. Comparing the effects of β-glucans on the gut-brain axis, we found that β-glucans with different molecular structures exhibit differentia actions on synapses, inflammation in the brain and gut, and gut microbiota. This study may shed light on how to select appropriate β-glucans as supplementation for the prevention of cognitive deficit or improving immune function clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Menglu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ning Pang
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Xing Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI) and School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yinghua Yu ;
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de-Oliveira-Pinto LM, Fiestas Solórzano VE, de Lourdes Martins M, Fernandes-Santos C, Damasco PH, de Siqueira MAMT, Dias HG, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Damasco PV, de Azeredo EL. Comparative Analysis of Circulating Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Inflammatory Mediators in Healthcare Workers and COVID-19 Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030455. [PMID: 35336861 PMCID: PMC8955649 DOI: 10.3390/v14030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in knowledge of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 have been acquired; however, the host factors that could explain the mild and severe forms of the disease are not fully understood. Thus, we proposed to evaluate anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the inflammatory response of different groups of individuals, including healthcare workers (HCW), sick and dead COVID-19 patients and also recovered patients to contribute to this knowledge gap. Our objective is to relate the clinical evolution of these individuals with the level of detection and functionality of specific antibodies and with the production of inflammatory mediators. As main findings, IgA and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 were detected in asymptomatic HCW. IFN-γ and TNF-α levels were higher in symptomatic HCWs than patients with COVID-19 and those who died. Patients who died had higher levels of IL-6, IL-10, and CCL2/MCP-1. We found an imbalance between antiviral and pro-inflammatory mediators in the groups, in which IFN-γ and TNF-α seem to be more associated with protection and IL-6 and CCL2/MCP-1 with pathology. Our work is pioneering the Brazilian population and corroborates data from people from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Maria de-Oliveira-Pinto
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (V.E.F.S.); (C.F.-S.); (H.G.D.)
| | - Victor Edgar Fiestas Solórzano
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (V.E.F.S.); (C.F.-S.); (H.G.D.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes Martins
- Rede Casa Hospital Rio Laranjeiras e Rio Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro 22240-000, Brazil; (M.d.L.M.); (P.V.D.)
| | - Caroline Fernandes-Santos
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (V.E.F.S.); (C.F.-S.); (H.G.D.)
| | - Paula Hesselberg Damasco
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 242010-240, Brazil;
| | | | - Helver Gonçalves Dias
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (V.E.F.S.); (C.F.-S.); (H.G.D.)
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (M.A.M.T.d.S.); (A.P.-C.)
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
| | - Paulo Vieira Damasco
- Rede Casa Hospital Rio Laranjeiras e Rio Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro 22240-000, Brazil; (M.d.L.M.); (P.V.D.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (V.E.F.S.); (C.F.-S.); (H.G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-2562-1755
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11
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Koksal B. Is cognitive ability a factor in explaining differences in physiological and psychological stress responses? Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:553-558. [PMID: 35316926 PMCID: PMC8924830 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/145940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Determining differences and patterns in responses might help to understand over-excitability of students with high cognitive ability (SHCA) and to design treatments for helping them in controlling stress. METHODS A comparative research method was used with three different instruments. The data were analyzed by t-test and Welch's F-test. RESULTS The SHCA reported significantly higher frequencies of psychological stress responses whereas they expressed significantly lower frequencies of physiological stress responses than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS These findings might lead to a discussion about the factors determining differences in the responses given by students with high cognitive ability under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Koksal
- Department of Physiology, Lokman Hekim University, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Shaygan M, Saranjam E, Faraghi A, Mohebbi Z. Migraine Headaches: The Predictive Role of Anger and Emotional Intelligence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY BASED NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2022; 10:74-83. [PMID: 35005043 PMCID: PMC8724728 DOI: 10.30476/ijcbnm.2021.90552.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown that emotional intelligence and anger are significant predictors of both subjective and objective health. The present study aimed to draw a comparison between migraine patients and healthy individuals in terms of emotional intelligence and anger. In addition, there was an attempt to investigate the predictive role of emotional intelligence and anger in chronic migraine. METHODS This comparative study was carried out on 494 individuals including patients with chronic migraine (n=250) and healthy controls (n=244) in Shiraz between August 2019 and February 2020. The participants with chronic migraine and healthy controls were selected using convenience sampling and multistage sampling, respectively. Participants completed validated self-report questionnaires: Bradberry and Greaves emotional intelligence test and the provocation inventory. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0) and chi-square test, t test and logistic regression were used. The significance level was set at P<0.05. RESULTS The results of independent t-test indicated that the mean intensity of anger was significantly higher among the patients with migraine (51.52±15.66) compared to the healthy controls (28.39±9.85) (P<0.001). The mean score of emotional intelligence was significantly lower among the patients with migraine (75.92±8.23) in comparison to the healthy controls (116.23±12.28) (P<0.001). Binary logistic regression revealed that neither age (P=0.72), sex (P=0.62), marital status (P=0.63) and education level (P=0.68), nor anger (P=0.24) was significantly associated with chronic migraine. However, emotional intelligence had a negative association with chronic migraine (B=-1.13, OR=0.32, P<0.001). CONCLUSION The results showed that a low level of emotional intelligence was associated with chronic migraine. The current results could help clinicians in planning for successful pain management/prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shaygan
- Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Saranjam
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ameneh Faraghi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zinat Mohebbi
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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De Angelis F, Wendt FR, Pathak GA, Tylee DS, Goswami A, Gelernter J, Polimanti R. Drinking and smoking polygenic risk is associated with childhood and early-adulthood psychiatric and behavioral traits independently of substance use and psychiatric genetic risk. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:586. [PMID: 34775470 PMCID: PMC8590689 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking are hazardous behaviors associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes. In this study, we explored the association of polygenic risk scores (PRS) related to drinks per week, age of smoking initiation, smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, and smoking cessation with 433 psychiatric and behavioral traits in 4498 children and young adults (aged 8-21) of European ancestry from the Philadelphia neurodevelopmental cohort. After applying a false discovery rate multiple testing correction accounting for the number of PRS and traits tested, we identified 36 associations related to psychotic symptoms, emotion and age recognition social competencies, verbal reasoning, anxiety-related traits, parents' education, and substance use. These associations were independent of the genetic correlations among the alcohol-drinking and tobacco-smoking traits and those with cognitive performance, educational attainment, risk-taking behaviors, and psychopathology. The removal of participants endorsing substance use did not affect the associations of each PRS with psychiatric and behavioral traits identified as significant in the discovery analyses. Gene-ontology enrichment analyses identified several neurobiological processes underlying mechanisms of the PRS associations we report. In conclusion, we provide novel insights into the genetic overlap of smoking and drinking behaviors in children and young adults, highlighting their independence from psychopathology and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio De Angelis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Frank R Wendt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gita A Pathak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel S Tylee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aranyak Goswami
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
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Network-wise surface-based morphometric insight into the cortical neural circuitry underlying irritability in adolescents. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:581. [PMID: 34759268 PMCID: PMC8581009 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies examining structural brain correlates of irritability have taken a region-specific approach and have been relatively inconsistent. In a sample of adolescents with and without clinically impairing irritability, the current study examines: (i) cortical volume (CV) in canonical functional networks; (ii) the association between the CV of functional networks and severity of irritability; and (iii) the extent to which IQ mediates the association between structural abnormalities and severity of irritability. Structural MRI and IQ data were collected from 130 adolescents with high irritability (mean age = 15.54±1.83 years, 58 females, self-reported Affective Reactivity Index [ARI] ≥ 4) and 119 adolescents with low irritability (mean age = 15.10±1.93 years, 39 females, self-reported ARI < 4). Subject-specific network-wise CV was estimated after parcellating the whole brain into 17 previously reported functional networks. Our Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) revealed that adolescents with high irritability had significantly reduced CV of the bilateral control and default-mode networks (p < 0.05) relative to adolescents with low irritability. Multiple regression analyses showed a significant negative association between the control network CV and the severity of irritability. Mediation analysis showed that IQ partially mediated the association between the control network CV and the severity of irritability. Follow-up analysis on subcortical volume (SCV) showed that adolescents with high irritability had reduced bilateral SCV within the amygdala relative to adolescents with low irritability. Reduced CV within bilateral control and default networks and reduced SCV within bilateral amygdala may represent core features of the pathophysiology of irritability. The current data also indicate the potential importance of a patient's IQ in determining how pathophysiology related to the control network is expressed.
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15
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Leptin as a Biomarker of Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103350. [PMID: 34684349 PMCID: PMC8541372 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin is a satiety hormone mainly produced by white adipose tissue. Decreasing levels have been described following acute stress. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine if leptin can be a biomarker of stress, with levels decreasing following acute stress. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ScienceDirect were searched to obtain all articles studying leptin levels after acute stress on 15 February 2021. We included articles reporting leptin levels before and after acute stress (physical or psychological) and conducted random effects meta-analysis (DerSimonian and Laird approach). We conducted Meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses after exclusion of groups outside the metafunnel. RESULTS We included seven articles-four cohort and three case-control studies-(28 groups) from 27,983 putative articles. Leptin levels decreased after the stress intervention (effect size = -0.34, 95%CI -0.66 to -0.02) compared with baseline levels, with a greater decrease after 60 min compared to mean decrease (-0.45, -0.89 to -0.01) and in normal weight compared to overweight individuals (-0.79, -1.38 to -0.21). There was no difference in the overweight population. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated similar results. Levels of leptin after stress decreased with sex ratio-i.e., number of men/women-(-0.924, 95%CI -1.58 to -0.27) and increased with the baseline levels of leptin (0.039, 0.01 to 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Leptin is a biomarker of stress, with a decrease following acute stress. Normal-weight individuals and women also have a higher variation of leptin levels after stress, suggesting that leptin may have implications in obesity development in response to stress in a sex-dependent manner.
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Cornell J, Salinas S, Huang HY, Zhou M. Microglia regulation of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:705-716. [PMID: 34472455 PMCID: PMC8530121 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.322423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system. Microglia possess varied morphologies and functions. Under normal physiological conditions, microglia mainly exist in a resting state and constantly monitor their microenvironment and survey neuronal and synaptic activity. Through the C1q, C3 and CR3 “Eat Me” and CD47 and SIRPα “Don’t Eat Me” complement pathways, as well as other pathways such as CX3CR1 signaling, resting microglia regulate synaptic pruning, a process crucial for the promotion of synapse formation and the regulation of neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity. By mediating synaptic pruning, resting microglia play an important role in the regulation of experience-dependent plasticity in the barrel cortex and visual cortex after whisker removal or monocular deprivation, and also in the regulation of learning and memory, including the modulation of memory strength, forgetfulness, and memory quality. As a response to brain injury, infection or neuroinflammation, microglia become activated and increase in number. Activated microglia change to an amoeboid shape, migrate to sites of inflammation and secrete proteins such as cytokines, chemokines and reactive oxygen species. These molecules released by microglia can lead to synaptic plasticity and learning and memory deficits associated with aging, Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, and other neurological or mental disorders such as autism, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. With a focus mainly on recently published literature, here we reviewed the studies investigating the role of resting microglia in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory, as well as how activated microglia modulate disease-related plasticity and learning and memory deficits. By summarizing the function of microglia in these processes, we aim to provide an overview of microglia regulation of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory, and to discuss the possibility of microglia manipulation as a therapeutic to ameliorate cognitive deficits associated with aging, Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cornell
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Shelbi Salinas
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Hou-Yuan Huang
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Miou Zhou
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
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Alò R, Fazzari G, Zizza M, Avolio E, Di Vito A, Bruno R, Cuda G, Barni T, Canonaco M, Facciolo RM. Daidzein Pro-cognitive Effects Coincided with Changes of Brain Neurotensin1 Receptor and Interleukin-10 Expression Levels in Obese Hamsters. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:645-657. [PMID: 33428179 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, concerns are pointing to "tasteful" high-fat diets as a cause of conditioning physical-social states that through alterations of some key emotional- and nutritional-related limbic circuits such as hypothalamic and amygdalar areas lead to obesity states. Feeding and energetic homeostatic molecular mechanisms are part of a complex neuronal circuit accounting for this metabolic disorder. In an attempt to exclude conventional drugs for treating obesity, daidzein, a natural glycosidic isoflavone, which mimics estrogenic neuroprotective properties against increased body weight, is beginning to be preferred. In this study, evident anxiolytic-like behaviors were detected following treatment of high-fat diet hamsters with daidzein as shown by extremely evident (p < 0.001) exploration tendencies in novel object recognition test and a notably greater amount of time spent (p < 0.01) in open arms of elevated plus maze. Moreover, the isoflavone promoted a protective role against neurodegeneration processes as shown by few, if any, amino cupric silver granules in amygdalar, hypothalamic and hippocampal neuronal fields when compared with obese hamsters. Interestingly, elevated expression levels of the anorexic neuropeptide receptor neurotensin1 in the above limbic areas of obese hamsters were extremely reduced by daidzein, especially during recovery of cognitive events. Contextually, such effects were strongly paralleled by increased levels of the anti-neuroinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10. Our results corroborate a neuroprotective ability of this natural glycosidic isoflavone, which through its interaction with the receptor neurotensin1 and interleukin-10 pathways is correlated not only to improved feeding states, and subsequently obesity conditions, but above all to cognitive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Alò
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science Department (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata Di Rende, Ponte P. Bucci 4B, 87036, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Gilda Fazzari
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science Department (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata Di Rende, Ponte P. Bucci 4B, 87036, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Merylin Zizza
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science Department (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata Di Rende, Ponte P. Bucci 4B, 87036, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ennio Avolio
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science Department (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata Di Rende, Ponte P. Bucci 4B, 87036, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Anna Di Vito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, Polyfunctional Building, University of Calabria, Arcavacata Di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tullio Barni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marcello Canonaco
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science Department (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata Di Rende, Ponte P. Bucci 4B, 87036, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Rosa Maria Facciolo
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science Department (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata Di Rende, Ponte P. Bucci 4B, 87036, Cosenza, Italy
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Abstract
Emotional stress has accompanied humans since the dawn of time and has played an essential role not only in positive selection and adaptation to an ever-changing environment, but also in the acceleration or even initiation of many illnesses. The three main somatic mechanisms induced by stress are the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), the sympathetic-adreno-medullar (SAM) axis, and the immune axis. In this chapter, the stress-induced mechanisms that can affect cochlear physiology are presented and discussed in the context of tinnitus generation and auditory neurobiology. It is concluded that all of the presented mechanisms need to be further investigated. It is advised that clinical practitioners ask patients about stressful events or chronic stress preceding the tinnitus onset and measure the vital signs. Finally, taking into account that tinnitus itself acts as a stressor, the implementation of anti-stress therapies for tinnitus treatment is recommended.
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Worthen RJ, Garzon Zighelboim SS, Torres Jaramillo CS, Beurel E. Anti-inflammatory IL-10 administration rescues depression-associated learning and memory deficits in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:246. [PMID: 32828124 PMCID: PMC7443292 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is a widespread mood disorder. One of the most debilitating symptoms patients often experience is cognitive impairment. Recent findings suggest that inflammation is associated with depression and impaired cognition. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated in the blood of depressed patients and impair learning and memory processes, suggesting that an anti-inflammatory approach might be beneficial for both depression and cognition. METHODS We subjected mice to the learned helplessness paradigm and evaluated novel object recognition and spatial memory. Mice were treated with IL-10 intranasally or/and microglia cells were depleted using PLX5622. Statistical differences were tested using ANOVA or t tests. RESULTS We first established a mouse model of depression in which learning and memory are impaired. We found that learned helplessness (LH) impairs novel object recognition (NOR) and spatial working memory. LH mice also exhibit reduced hippocampal dendritic spine density and increased microglial activation compared to non-shocked (NS) mice or mice that were subjected to the learned helpless paradigm but did not exhibit learned helplessness (non-learned helpless or NLH). These effects are mediated by microglia, as treatment with PLX5622, which depletes microglia, restores learning and memory and hippocampal dendritic spine density in LH mice. However, PLX5622 also impairs learning and memory and reduces hippocampal dendritic spine density in NLH mice, suggesting that microglia in NLH mice produce molecules that promote learning and memory. We found that microglial interleukin (IL)-10 levels are reduced in LH mice, and IL-10 administration is sufficient to restore NOR, spatial working memory, and hippocampal dendritic spine density in LH mice, and in NLH mice treated with PLX5622 consistent with a pro-cognitive role for IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Altogether these data demonstrate the critical role of IL-10 in promoting learning and memory after learned helplessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Worthen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Gautier Building room 415, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Susan S Garzon Zighelboim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Gautier Building room, 4151011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Camila S Torres Jaramillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Gautier Building room, 4151011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Eleonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Gautier Building room 415, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Gautier Building room, 4151011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Liang C, Cheng S, Cheng B, Ma M, Zhang L, Qi X, Liu L, Kafle OP, Li P, Wen Y, Zhang F. A large-scale genetic correlation scan identified the plasma proteins associated with brain function related traits. Brain Res Bull 2020; 158:84-89. [PMID: 32119964 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Insomnia, intelligence and neuroticism are three typical traits and dysfunctions mainly regulated by human brain. Our research aimed to explore the potential genetic relationships between brain function related traits and more than 3000 human plasma proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a large-scale genetic correlation scan of human plasma proteins and three brain function related traits, including insomnia, intelligence and neuroticism. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) analysis was performed to estimate the genetic correlations between each of the blood proteins and insomnia, intelligence and neuroticism via utilizing the genome-wide association study summary statistics of plasma proteins and those three traits. RESULTS LDSC analysis identified 18 specific plasma proteins shown suggestive genetic correlations with insomnia such as Periostin (coefficient=-0.3910, P value = 0.0070). Twenty-one plasma proteins exhibited genetic correlations with intelligence such as Ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase 3 (coefficient = 0.3066, P value = 0.0013). Six specific plasma proteins shown suggestive genetic correlations with neuroticism, such as CD70 antigen (coefficient = 0.2979, P value = 0.0134). After further comparing the suggestive proteins between insomnia, intelligence and neuroticism, we detected 3 common plasma proteins shared by insomnia and intelligence such as Periostin (coefficient insomnia =-0.3910, Pinsomnia value = 0.0070; coefficient intelligence =0.2673, Pintelligence value = 0.0159) and Neurexin-1 (coefficient insomnia =-0.2913, Pinsomnia value = 0.0197; coefficient intelligence = 0.2399, Pintelligence value = 0.0035). We also detected 2 common plasma proteins shared by intelligence and neuroticism, including CD70 antigen (coefficient intelligence =-0.2092, Pintelligence value = 0.0337; coefficient neuroticism = 0.2979, Pneuroticism value = 0.0134). CONCLUSION Our results provide novel clues for unveiling the functional relevance of plasma proteins and brain function related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Om Prakash Kafle
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
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