1
|
Cain D, Anguiano-Albarran R, Obi F, Pradeep S, Mudrovich S, Simien M. Insulinoma in Patient With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Cureus 2023; 15:e43469. [PMID: 37711931 PMCID: PMC10499054 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An insulinoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor characterized by inappropriate secretion of insulin with resultant hypoglycemia and concomitant symptoms. Symptoms include diaphoresis, tremor, palpitations, tachycardia, visual disturbances, weakness, confusion, syncope, seizures, and even coma. Enteropancreatic neoplasms are rare in general but among them, insulinomas are among the more common neuroendocrine tumors though they still have a very low incidence. They can be benign or malignant, however, the latter is exceptionally rare. In the case of malignancy, such spread usually includes metastasis to the liver and surrounding nodes. They can also be sporadic or occur in association with other inherited conditions. Herein, we present a case of insulinoma in a 51-year-old female.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cain
- Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White All Saints Medical Center, Fort Worth, USA
| | | | - Franklin Obi
- Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White All Saints Medical Center, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Sidart Pradeep
- Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White All Saints Medical Center, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Steven Mudrovich
- Pathology, Baylor Scott & White All Saints Medical Center, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Melvin Simien
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor Scott & White All Saints Medical Center, Fort Worth, USA
- Interventional Endoscopy, Baylor Scott & White Digestive Diseases, Fort Worth, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adenosquamous Carcinoma with the Acantholytic Feature in the Oral Cavity: A Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102398. [PMID: 36292088 PMCID: PMC9600722 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is an aggressive subtype of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Due to its poor prognosis, a precise pathological diagnosis of ASC is essential but challenging because its pathological criteria are still unclear. Here, we present a rare case of oral ASC accompanied by acantholytic features. The tumor was raised in the mandibular gingiva and recurred locally approximately 13 months after the initial surgery with cervical lymph node metastasis. Pathological specimens of the primary lesion showed acantholysis in a large area of the SCC. Mucous cells, the characteristic finding indicating glandular differentiation, were imperceptible in the initial surgical specimen but increased in the locally recurrent and metastatic lymph node specimens. In a comprehensive literature review of oral ASC cases, the present case was the only case of ASC with acantholytic features. We reconfirmed that ASC has poor prognoses, such as low 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival, high locoregional recurrence, and high distant metastasis rates. A precise diagnosis of ASC is required for estimating prognosis and undergoing close follow-up, even if the adenocarcinomatous component is limited to a small area in the lesion.
Collapse
|
3
|
Pijyan A, Zheng Q, Hong HG, Li Y. Consistent Estimation of Generalized Linear Models with High Dimensional Predictors via Stepwise Regression. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 22:e22090965. [PMID: 33286734 PMCID: PMC7597260 DOI: 10.3390/e22090965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Predictive models play a central role in decision making. Penalized regression approaches, such as least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), have been widely used to construct predictive models and explain the impacts of the selected predictors, but the estimates are typically biased. Moreover, when data are ultrahigh-dimensional, penalized regression is usable only after applying variable screening methods to downsize variables. We propose a stepwise procedure for fitting generalized linear models with ultrahigh dimensional predictors. Our procedure can provide a final model; control both false negatives and false positives; and yield consistent estimates, which are useful to gauge the actual effect size of risk factors. Simulations and applications to two clinical studies verify the utility of the method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pijyan
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Hyokyoung G. Hong
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Keratin 17 Expression Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome in Patients With Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 29:144-151. [PMID: 32554975 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The major roles of keratin 17 (K17) as a prognostic biomarker have been highlighted in a range of human malignancies. However, its relevance to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unexplored. In this study, the relationship between K17 expression and clinicopathologic parameters and survival were determined by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in 90 ESCCs and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 68 ESCCs. K17 expression was significantly higher in ESCC than in paired normal tissues at both the messenger RNA and protein levels. K17 messenger RNA and staining by IHC were significantly correlated with aggressive characteristics, including advanced clinical stage, invasion depth, and lymph node metastases; and were predictive of poor prognosis in advanced disease patients. Furthermore, K17 expression was detected by IHC in high-grade premalignant lesions of the esophageal mucosa, suggesting that K17 could also be a biomarker of dysplasia of the esophageal mucosa. Overall, this study established that K17 is a negative prognostic biomarker for the most common subtype of esophageal cancer.
Collapse
|
5
|
Iyalomhe O, Sadigh S, Deshpande C, Litzky L, Moran A, Simpson S. Pulmonary adenomyoma presenting as a right cardiophrenic angle mass. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 15:502-506. [PMID: 32140196 PMCID: PMC7044680 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary adenomyomas are rare adenomyomatous hamartomas. In the few cases described in the literature, these benign tumors are encapsulated by lung parenchyma. We describe a case of a 59 year-old woman with acetylcholine receptor antibody-negative myasthenia gravis and a right cardiophrenic mass initially thought to be a thymoma. Histopathology surprisingly revealed a pulmonary adenomyoma which involved the mediastinal fat at the cardiophrenic angle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osigbemhe Iyalomhe
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sam Sadigh
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charuhas Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie Litzky
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Moran
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott Simpson
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang W, He S, Zhang R, Peng J, Guo D, Zhang J, Xiang B, Li L. ALDH1A1 maintains the cancer stem-like cells properties of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating the AKT signal pathway and interacting with β-catenin. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109940. [PMID: 32044720 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) is a marker of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), but knowledge about the molecular mechanism of ALDH1A1 in maintaining the properties of CSCs remains limited. ALDH1A1 immunohistochemistry was performed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues, Western blotting was used to detect relationship between ALDH1A1 and AKT or β-catenin. Subcutaneous transplantation of tumors and drug resistance, spherogenesis experiments were used to test the ESCC cell stemness. Co-IP and confocal were used to detected the co-localization of LADH1A1 and β-catenin. ALDH1A1 expression maintained the CSC properties of ESCC cells. It enhanced the chemo-resistance ability, clonogenicity, and spherogenesis in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. High ALDH1A1 expression is an adverse prognostic factor of ESCC patients. Small-molecule inhibitor NCT-501 down-regulates ALDH1A1 expression and inhibits the AKT-β-catenin signaling pathway. ALDH1A1 overexpression activates the AKT signaling pathway. ALDH1A1 interacts with β-catenin, co-localization in KYS-510 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China.
| | - Shujin He
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Renya Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Daolu Guo
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| |
Collapse
|