Comparison of the effects of reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments using peroneus longus and peroneus brevis tendon graft

Differences and similarities in muscle architecture of fibularis longus and brevis-An observational descriptive cross-sectional and feasibility study

BACKGROUND

The fibularis longus (FL) muscle is larger in volume than fibularis brevis (FB) and is therefore claimed to be the stronger evertor of the two. Clinical observation of FL and FB tendon rupture show that injury to the FB has a serious negative effect on hindfoot eversion. This implies that the FB is the stronger and more important evertor. The strength of a muscle is not purely based on its volume, and the observed discrepancy between the FB and FL may be due to differences in muscle architecture. This study compares the muscle architecture of FL with FB.

METHODS

Sixteen legs from eight formaldehyde-fixed human specimens, mean age 83 (range 72-89) years, were dissected. The volume, fibre lengths and fibre pennation angles for both muscles were measured and the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) was calculated.

RESULTS

The FL was always larger than the FB, with an individual difference in volume that varied from 1.4 to 4.6 times larger with a mean difference of 17 ml (95% CI 14-20; p < 0.001). Mean fibre lengths were 9 mm (95% CI 2-16; p = 0.015) longer in FL than in FB. The mean pennation angle was 9.6 degrees in FL and 8.8 degrees in FB, this difference was not significant (p = 0.32). The mean PCSA for FL was 3 cm2 (95% CI 2-4) larger than for FB (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

With our sample set, the hypothesis that the muscle architecture can explain the clinical discrepancy between the FL and FB, was not supported. The difference in hindfoot eversion might instead depend on the different moment arms of FL and FB and the effect forefoot abduction has on hindfoot eversion.

Design and development of a new type of phimosis dilatation retractor for children

BACKGROUND

Phimosis is one of the most common diseases in children. Early selection of appropriate treatment for phimosis in children is beneficial to the development of their reproductive organs and significantly improves the prognosis of phimosis in children. Although traditional circumcision is the most widely used, it has many disadvantages, including postoperative bleeding and incision infection, pain, obvious scars on the surgical incision, and unsatisfactory appearance. In addition, there is much controversy regarding treatment options and timing at home and abroad. Surgical procedures such as circumcision and cerclage for children with excessively long foreskin will greatly affect the normal life of children after the operation. Young children need general anesthesia, but this anesthesia carries a great risk.

AIM

To design a new children phimosis dilatation retractor for children phimosis.

METHODS

The children phimosis was dilated with an elastic dilation frame, in order to expand the foreskin mouth and expose the penis head, and after that, the phimosis was cured.

RESULTS

A new type of phimosis dilatation retractor was designed, which can gently dilate the prepuce at multiple angles and in multiple directions at the same time. It has obtained the national patent for clinical application.

CONCLUSION

The phimosis dilatation retractor based on the principle of elastically expanding the prepuce can achieve the purpose of expanding the phimosis. The clinical application shows that the effect of the children phimosis retractor is significant, which is worth promoting.