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Yuan J, Wang Y, Huang Y, Li S, Zhang X, Wu Z, Zhao W, Zhu J, Zhang J, Huang G, Yu P, Cheng X, Wang X, Liu X, Jia J. Investigating Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Idiopathic Short Stature: Targeting siRNA and Growth Hormone Delivery to the Growth Plate Using Exosome Nanoparticles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2309559. [PMID: 38639394 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic short stature (ISS) is a common childhood condition with largely unknown underlying causes. Recent research highlights the role of circulating exosomes in the pathogenesis of various disorders, but their connection to ISS remains unexplored. In the experiments, human chondrocytes are cocultured with plasma exosomes from ISS patients, leading to impaired chondrocyte growth and bone formation. Elevated levels of a specific long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), ISSRL, are identified as a distinguishing factor in ISS, boasting high specificity and sensitivity. Silencing ISSRL in ISS plasma exosomes reverses the inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation and bone formation. Conversely, overexpression of ISSRL in chondrocytes impedes their growth and bone formation, revealing its mechanism of action through the miR-877-3p/GZMB axis. Subsequently, exosomes (CT-Exo-siISSRL-oeGH) with precise cartilage-targeting abilities are engineered, loaded with customized siRNA for ISSRL and growth hormone. This innovative approach offers a therapeutic strategy to address ISS by rectifying abnormal non-coding RNA expression in growth plate cartilage and delivering growth hormone with precision to promote bone growth. This research provides valuable insights into ISS diagnosis and treatment, highlighting the potential of engineered exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Yameng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhe Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Shengqin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Junchao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Junqiu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Guowen Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Xigao Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xijuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
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Spurna Z, Capkova P, Srovnal J, Duchoslavova J, Punova L, Aleksijevic D, Vrtel R. Clinical impact of variants in non-coding regions of SHOX - Current knowledge. Gene 2022; 818:146238. [PMID: 35074420 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The short stature homeobox-containing (SHOX) is the most frequently analysed gene in patients classified as short stature patients (ISS) or diagnosed with Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD), Langer mesomelic dysplasia (LMD), or Madelung deformity (MD). However, clinical testing of this gene focuses primarily on single nucleotide variants (SNV) in its coding sequences and copy number variants (CNV) overlapping SHOX gene. This review summarizes the clinical impact of variants in noncoding regions of SHOX. RECENT FINDINGS: CNV extending exclusively into the regulatory elements (i.e., not interrupting the coding sequence) are found more frequently in downstream regulatory elements of SHOX. Further, duplications are more frequent than deletions. Interestingly, downstream duplications are more common than deletions in patients with ISS or LWD but no such differences exist for upstream CNV. Moreover, the presence of specific CNVs in the patient population suggests the involvement of additional unknown factors. Some of its intronic variants, notably NM_000451.3(SHOX):c.-9delG and c.-65C>A in the 5'UTR, have unclear clinical roles. However, these intronic SNV may increase the probability that other CNV will arise de novo in the SHOX gene based on homologous recombination or incorrect splicing of mRNA. SUMMARY: This review highlights the clinical impact of noncoding changes in the SHOX gene and the need to apply new technologies and genotype-phenotype correlation in their analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Spurna
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavlina Capkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Srovnal
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Duchoslavova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Punova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Aleksijevic
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Vrtel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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