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Zhang KY, Duan WW, Luo YB, Li Y, Hu J, Yang H. Comparative effectiveness and safety of intravenous methylprednisolone and tacrolimus monotherapy in ocular myasthenia gravis with unsatisfactory prednisone responses: a retrospective study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:19. [PMID: 38243274 PMCID: PMC10799357 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral prednisone has been recognized as the first-line therapy for the treatment of ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG). However, its long-term use is complicated by numerous adverse effects and is ineffective for some OMG patients in reaching remission. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) and tacrolimus monotherapy for OMG patients with unsatisfactory responses to conventional prednisone therapy. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 57 OMG patients who had not achieved satisfactory improvement after prednisone therapy and thereby received IVMP or tacrolimus monotherapy for at least 6 months. Ocular symptoms were evaluated by the ocular-quantitative MG (QMG) score at each time point. A ≥ 2-point fall in ocular QMG score was defined as the cut-off point to indicate clinical improvement. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the efficacy of IVMP at discharge. Adverse events were recorded. RESULTS Both IVMP and tacrolimus monotherapy demonstrated significant clinical efficacy, with no statistical differences observed at the study endpoint. The proportions of patients who reached the cut-off point for efficacy evaluation were higher in the IVMP group than in the tacrolimus group (1, 3, and 6 months: 51.7% (15/29) vs 12.0% (3/25), p = 0.002; 69.0% (20/29) vs 40.0% (10/25), p = 0.033; 69.0% (20/29) vs 46.4% (13/28), p = 0.085, respectively). Multivariate logistics analysis showed that high ocular QMG scores at baseline indicated favourable responses to IVMP treatment (OR = 1.781; 95% CI 1.066-2.975; p = 0.028). All the adverse events were transient and tolerable. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that both IVMP and tacrolimus monotherapy hold promise as viable treatment options for OMG patients with unsatisfactory responses to oral prednisone. The study supports the safety and effectiveness of both therapies, with IVMP exhibiting faster improvement and favourable efficacy in patients with high ocular QMG scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wei-Wei Duan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yue-Bei Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jue Hu
- Department of Neurology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Proudman W, Kleinig O, Lam L, Collins L, Bagster M, Gupta A, Kovoor J, Bacchi S, Slee M, Chan W. The Icepack Test in the Diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis with Ocular Features: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Accuracy, Technique, and Economic Utility. Semin Ophthalmol 2023; 38:679-685. [PMID: 36967601 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2194984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) may be challenging and require multiple specialised testing modalities. Accessing these investigations can involve significant waiting time and costs. The bedside icepack test (IPT) has been proposed to assist with the diagnosis of MG with ocular features, and may prove an economically viable; however, there have been there is heterogeneity in the literature evaluating the IPT. OBJECTIVES A systematic review was performed examining the accuracy, described techniques, and economic implications of the IPT for the diagnosis of MG with ocular features. METHOD The databases EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to July 2022. The systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility determination was undertaken with a standardised form using appropriate inclusion criteria. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool for diagnostic test accuracy was employed to evaluate studies that presented the diagnostic performance of the IPT. The Johanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Economic Evaluations was used for the assessment of studies presenting economic evaluations of the IPT. RESULTS 20 articles met the specified criteria and included a total of 1264 participants. The IPT had a sensitivity ranging from 38.5% to 100%. Specificity was found to be > 95% in six studies. Excluding two outlier results of 25% and 31.3%, the lowest specificity recorded was 62.5%. The most commonly described method of evaluating the IPT involved applying ice to both eyelids and using a >2 mm change as a threshold for a positive test (evaluated with a ruler). There were no adverse effects described with the IPT. There were no studies that formally examined the economic implications of the IPT. CONCLUSIONS The IPT is a well-tolerated and readily available diagnostic tool that has an important role in the evaluation of possible MG with ocular features in specific contexts. Despite limited economic evaluation of this test, it is likely the use of the IPT may result in significant financial and time savings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lydia Lam
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Luke Collins
- Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | | | - Aashray Gupta
- Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Australia
| | - Joshua Kovoor
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen Bacchi
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark Slee
- Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - WengOnn Chan
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Huang EJC, Wu MH, Wang TJ, Huang TJ, Li YR, Lee CY. Myasthenia Gravis: Novel Findings and Perspectives on Traditional to Regenerative Therapeutic Interventions. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1070-1092. [PMID: 37163445 PMCID: PMC10389825 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of myasthenia gravis (MG), an autoimmune disorder, is increasing among all subsets of the population leading to an elevated economic and social burden. The pathogenesis of MG is characterized by the synthesis of autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4), or muscle-specific kinase at the neuromuscular junction, thereby leading to muscular weakness and fatigue. Based on clinical and laboratory examinations, the research is focused on distinguishing MG from other autoimmune, genetic diseases of neuromuscular transmission. Technological advancements in machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) have been assistive in accurate diagnosis and management. Besides, addressing the clinical needs of MG patients is critical to improving quality of life (QoL) and satisfaction. Lifestyle changes including physical exercise and traditional Chinese medicine/herbs have also been shown to exert an ameliorative impact on MG progression. To achieve enhanced therapeutic efficacy, cholinesterase inhibitors, immunosuppressive drugs, and steroids in addition to plasma exchange therapy are widely recommended. Under surgical intervention, thymectomy is the only feasible alternative to removing thymoma to overcome thymoma-associated MG. Although these conventional and current therapeutic approaches are effective, the associated adverse events and surgical complexity limit their wide application. Moreover, Restivo et al. also, to increase survival and QoL, further recent developments revealed that antibody, gene, and regenerative therapies (such as stem cells and exosomes) are currently being investigated as a safer and more efficacious alternative. Considering these above-mentioned points, we have comprehensively reviewed the recent advances in pathological etiologies of MG including COVID-19, and its therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Jou-Chen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Huang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Jen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Jen Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yan-Rong Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Yu Lee
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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