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Gardin A, Ruiz M, Beime J, Cananzi M, Rathert M, Rohmer B, Grabhorn E, Almes M, Logarajah V, Peña-Quintana L, Casswall T, Darmellah-Remil A, Reyes-Domínguez A, Barkaoui E, Hierro L, Baquero-Montoya C, Baumann U, Fischler B, Gonzales E, Davit-Spraul A, Laplanche S, Jacquemin E. ∆ 4-3-oxo-5β-reductase deficiency: favorable outcome in 16 patients treated with cholic acid. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:383. [PMID: 38062451 PMCID: PMC10704681 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cholic acid therapy is an effective therapy in children with primary bile acid synthesis deficiencies. Most reported patients with this treatment have 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-C27-steroid oxidoreductase deficiency. The aim of the study was the evaluation of cholic acid therapy in a cohort of patients with the rarer Δ4-3-oxosteroid 5β-reductase (Δ4-3-oxo-R) deficiency. METHODS Sixteen patients with Δ4-3-oxo-R deficiency confirmed by AKR1D1 gene sequencing who received oral cholic acid were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS First symptoms were reported early in life (median 2 months of age), with 14 and 3 patients having cholestatic jaundice and severe bleeding respectively. Fifteen patients received ursodeoxycholic acid before diagnosis, with partial improvement in 8 patients. Four patients had liver failure at the time of cholic acid initiation. All 16 patients received cholic acid from a median age of 8.1 months (range 3.1-159) and serum liver tests normalized in all within 6-12 months of treatment. After a median cholic acid therapy of 4.5 years (range 1.1-24), all patients were alive with their native liver. Median daily cholic acid dose at last follow-up was 8.3 mg/kg of body weight. All patients, but one, had normal physical examination and all had normal serum liver tests. Fibrosis, evaluated using liver biopsy (n = 4) or liver elastography (n = 9), had stabilized or improved. Cholic acid therapy enabled a 12-fold decrease of 3-oxo-∆4 derivatives in urine. Patients had normal growth and quality of life. The treatment was well tolerated without serious adverse events and signs of hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Oral cholic acid therapy is a safe and effective treatment for patients with Δ4-3-oxo-R deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gardin
- Pediatric Hepatology and Pediatric Liver Transplantation Unit, National Reference Centre for Biliary Atresia and Genetic Cholestasis, FSMR Filfoie, ERN RARE LIVER, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculty of Medicine Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; INSERM UMR-S1193, Hepatinov, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Mathias Ruiz
- Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Reference Centre for Biliary Atresia and Genetic Cholestasis, Hospices Civils de Lyon - Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France
| | - Jan Beime
- Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, University Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mara Cananzi
- Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy, Hepatology and Care of the Child with Liver Transplantation, Dpt. For Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Margarete Rathert
- Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, MHH Hannover/University Magdeburg, Hannover, Germany
| | - Barbara Rohmer
- Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Reference Centre for Biliary Atresia and Genetic Cholestasis, Hospices Civils de Lyon - Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France
| | - Enke Grabhorn
- Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, University Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marion Almes
- Pediatric Hepatology and Pediatric Liver Transplantation Unit, National Reference Centre for Biliary Atresia and Genetic Cholestasis, FSMR Filfoie, ERN RARE LIVER, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculty of Medicine Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; INSERM UMR-S1193, Hepatinov, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Veena Logarajah
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luis Peña-Quintana
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Thomas Casswall
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren's Children's Hospital, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amaria Darmellah-Remil
- Pediatric Hepatology and Pediatric Liver Transplantation Unit, National Reference Centre for Biliary Atresia and Genetic Cholestasis, FSMR Filfoie, ERN RARE LIVER, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculty of Medicine Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; INSERM UMR-S1193, Hepatinov, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Ana Reyes-Domínguez
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Emna Barkaoui
- Department of Pediatrics, Tunis Children Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Loreto Hierro
- Pediatric Hepatology Unit, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ulrich Baumann
- Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, MHH Hannover/University Magdeburg, Hannover, Germany
| | - Björn Fischler
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren's Children's Hospital, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmanuel Gonzales
- Pediatric Hepatology and Pediatric Liver Transplantation Unit, National Reference Centre for Biliary Atresia and Genetic Cholestasis, FSMR Filfoie, ERN RARE LIVER, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculty of Medicine Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; INSERM UMR-S1193, Hepatinov, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Anne Davit-Spraul
- Biochemistry Department, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sophie Laplanche
- Biology Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Paris - Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Jacquemin
- Pediatric Hepatology and Pediatric Liver Transplantation Unit, National Reference Centre for Biliary Atresia and Genetic Cholestasis, FSMR Filfoie, ERN RARE LIVER, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculty of Medicine Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; INSERM UMR-S1193, Hepatinov, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
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