Integrative analyses of genes about venous thromboembolism: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

The association of the prothrombin A19911G single-nucleotide polymorphism and the risk of venous thromboembolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

The study employed meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive synthesis of evidence regarding the association between the prothrombin A19911G polymorphism and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

METHOD

The databases were searched to identify studies investigating the association between the prothrombin A19911G polymorphism and the risk of VTE. Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 14.0 software.

RESULTS

A total of five literature studies were included, involving 14,001 participants. Meta-analysis demonstrated that prothrombin A19911G polymorphism increased the risk of VTE (G vs A: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.11-1.22, p < .00001; GG + AG vs AA: OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.13-1.31, p < .00001; GG vs AG + AA: OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.14-1.33, p < .00001; AG vs AA: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.06-1.25, p = .0006; GG vs AA: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.22-1.48, p < .00001).

CONCLUSION

The polymorphism of prothrombin A19911G enhances the susceptibility to VTE.

The impact of gender differences on the clinical characteristics of critically ill patients with venous thromboembolism: A retrospective, observational study

The aim of this study is to describe the general information, disease and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in critically ill patients, to explore the characteristics of severe patients with deep venous VTE and provide clinical reference data for the prevention and treatment of VTE in critically ill patients. This study carried out a retrospective study on the medical records of patients who were treated in the intensive care unit of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from 2020 to 2022. The general data, general conditions, drug use, past history, VTE prevention measures, post-VTE conditions, and Padua risk score of 297 patients with VTE during the period of hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU) were classified and statistically analyzed. A total of 297 including 171 male and 126 male patient medical records were included in the analysis, we compared multiple clinical indicators between male and female patients. Compared to women, male patients have a higher acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score(APACHE-II score) (P = .027), a higher state of consciousness (P = .003), a higher rate of smoking and drinking history (P < .001), a lower rate of heart failure (P = .003) and chronic depression (P = .013), and a higher rate of recommended operations for male patients after VTE (P = .031). The prothrombin time (PT) (P = .041) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (P = .040) of male patients were significantly higher than those of female patients, while triglyceride (P = .009) and total cholesterol (TC) (P = .001) were significantly lower than those of female patients. The difference in D-dimer (P = .739) was not significant. This study shows that male and female patients with VTE in the ICU have significant differences in general characteristics, general clinical conditions, history of past illness, thrombosis character, and examination items, this may be the reason for the different rates of VTE between male and female patients in the ICU.

COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: Lessons Learned from the Registrational Trials and Global Vaccination Campaign

Our understanding of COVID-19 vaccinations and their impact on health and mortality has evolved substantially since the first vaccine rollouts. Published reports from the original randomized phase 3 trials concluded that the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines could greatly reduce COVID-19 symptoms. In the interim, problems with the methods, execution, and reporting of these pivotal trials have emerged. Re-analysis of the Pfizer trial data identified statistically significant increases in serious adverse events (SAEs) in the vaccine group. Numerous SAEs were identified following the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), including death, cancer, cardiac events, and various autoimmune, hematological, reproductive, and neurological disorders. Furthermore, these products never underwent adequate safety and toxicological testing in accordance with previously established scientific standards. Among the other major topics addressed in this narrative review are the published analyses of serious harms to humans, quality control issues and process-related impurities, mechanisms underlying adverse events (AEs), the immunologic basis for vaccine inefficacy, and concerning mortality trends based on the registrational trial data. The risk-benefit imbalance substantiated by the evidence to date contraindicates further booster injections and suggests that, at a minimum, the mRNA injections should be removed from the childhood immunization program until proper safety and toxicological studies are conducted. Federal agency approval of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines on a blanket-coverage population-wide basis had no support from an honest assessment of all relevant registrational data and commensurate consideration of risks versus benefits. Given the extensive, well-documented SAEs and unacceptably high harm-to-reward ratio, we urge governments to endorse a global moratorium on the modified mRNA products until all relevant questions pertaining to causality, residual DNA, and aberrant protein production are answered.

Ductus Arteriosus Aneurysm and Pulmonary Artery Thromboses in a Protein S-Deficient Newborn

Ductus arteriosus aneurysm (DAA) asymptomatically occurs in newborn infants and resolves spontaneously. High-risk DAA with compression, rupture, and thrombosis requires early surgical intervention. Newborn infants have the highest risk of thrombosis among pediatric patients, but the genetic predisposition is difficult to determine in infancy. We herein report a neonatal case of massive thromboses in DAA and pulmonary artery. Desaturation occurred in an active full-term infant 2 days after birth. Echocardiography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography indicated thrombotic occlusion of the DAA and pulmonary artery thrombus. Urgent thrombectomy and ductus resection were successfully performed. After 6 months of anticoagulant therapy, the dissociated low plasma activity levels of protein S from protein C suggested protein S deficiency. A genetic study of PROS1 identified a heterozygous variant of protein S K196E, a low-risk variant of thrombophilia in Japanese populations. There have been seven reported cases with neonatal-onset symptomatic thromboses of DAA involving the pulmonary artery. All survived without recurrence after surgical intervention in five and anticoagulant therapy alone in two. Two newborns had a heterozygous methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) variant, but information on thrombophilia was not available for any other cases. A genetic predisposition may raise the risk of DAA thrombosis, leading to rapid progression.

Will Omics Biotechnologies Save Us from Future Pandemics? Lessons from COVID-19 for Vaccinomics and Adversomics

The COVID-19 pandemic had cross-cutting impacts on planetary health, quotidian life, and society. Mass vaccination with the current gene-based vaccines has helped control the pandemic but unfortunately it has not shown effectiveness in preventing the spread of the virus. In addition, not all individuals respond to these vaccines, while others develop adverse reactions that cannot be neglected. It is also a fact that some individuals are more susceptible to infection while others develop effective immunization post-infection. We note here that the person-to-person and population variations in vaccine efficacy and side effects have been studied in the field of vaccinomics long before the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the field of adversomics examines the mechanisms of individual differences in the side effects of health interventions. In this review, we discuss the potential of a multi-omics approach for comprehensive profiling of the benefit/risk ratios of vaccines. Vaccinomics and adversomics stand to benefit planetary health and contribute to the prevention of future pandemics in the 21st century by offering precision guidance to clinical trials as well as promoting precision use of vaccines in ways that proactively respond to individual and population differences in their efficacy and safety. This vision of pandemic prevention based on personalized instead of mass vaccination also calls for equity in access to precision vaccines and diagnostics that support a vision and practice of vaccinomics and adversomics in planetary health.