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Kalach N, Misak Z, Bontems P, Kori M, Homan M, Cabral J, Casswall T, Chong S, Cilleruelo ML, Faraci S, Megraud F, Papadopoulou A, Pehlivanoglu E, Raymond J, Rea F, Maria R, Roma E, Tavares M, Ugras M, Urbonas V, Urruzuno P, Gosset P, Creusy C, Delebarre M, Verdun S. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Histological Gastric Biopsy Aspects According to the Updated Sydney System in Children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 74:13-19. [PMID: 34338237 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A descriptive and comparative study of gastric histological aspects according to the updated Sydney classification (USC), obtained from Helicobacter pylori-positive versus H pylori-negative children referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. METHODS The Prisma method was used to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis. Selection criteria were based on following key words USC, H pylori, children, endoscopy, or biopsy. Publication biases were assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and a meta-regression analysis was done. The study was registered on the PROSPERO platform. RESULTS Between 1994 and 2017, 1238 references were found; 97 studies were retained for the systematic review with a total number of 25,867 children; 75 studies were selected for the meta-analysis concerning 5990 H pylori-infected and 17,782 uninfected children.H pylori-positive versus H pylori-negative children, according to the USC, showed significantly higher relative risk for gastric antral and corpus chronic inflammation, presence of neutrophils, and of lymphoid follicles, and gastric mucosa atrophy, whereas, intestinal metaplasia showed a significantly higher RR only in antral biopsies. The meta-regression analysis showed that H pylori-positive versus H pylori-negative children had significantly higher risk only for corpus activity according to age, recurrent abdominal pain, and geographical area of low H pylori prevalence. CONCLUSIONS H pylori infection in children was associated with higher relative risk for gastric antral and corpus chronic inflammation, presence of neutrophils, lymphoid follicles, and rare gastric mucosa atrophy, whereas, rare intestinal metaplasia was only significantly higher in the antral area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kalach
- Pediatric Clinic, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Catholic University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Zrinjka Misak
- Department of Pediatrics, Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick Bontems
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Michal Kori
- Kaplan Medical Center, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Matjaz Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - José Cabral
- Hospital of Dona Estefania, CHLC, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Thomas Casswall
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonny Chong
- Queen Mary's Hospital for children Epsom & St Helier NHS Trust Carshalton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Luz Cilleruelo
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simona Faraci
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Digestive Endoscopy and Surgery Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Francis Megraud
- INSERM U1053, University of Bordeaux, & National Reference Centre for Campylobacter and Helicobacter, Hospital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Papadopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ender Pehlivanoglu
- Department of Child Health & Nutrition, Istanbul Kent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Josette Raymond
- Microbiology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistances Publiques des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University René Descartes Paris V, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Rea
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Digestive Endoscopy and Surgery Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Rogalidou Maria
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Marta Tavares
- Unidade de Gastrenterologia Pediátrica do Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Meltem Ugras
- Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vaidotas Urbonas
- Vilnius University Clinic of Children's Diseases, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Pedro Urruzuno
- Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Servicio de Pediatria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierre Gosset
- Pathology Department, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Catholic University of Lille
| | - Colette Creusy
- Pathology Department, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Catholic University of Lille
| | - Mathilde Delebarre
- Pediatric Clinic, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Catholic University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stephane Verdun
- Department of Medical Research, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Lille Catholic Hospital, Lille, France
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George S, Lucero Y, Torres JP, Lagomarcino AJ, O'Ryan M. Gastric Damage and Cancer-Associated Biomarkers in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Children. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:90. [PMID: 32117120 PMCID: PMC7029740 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is well-known to be involved in gastric carcinogenesis, associated with deregulation of cell proliferation and epigenetic changes in cancer-related genes. H. pylori infection is largely acquired during childhood, persisting long-term in about half of infected individuals, a subset of whom will go on to develop peptic ulcer disease and eventually gastric cancer, however, the sequence of events leading to disease is not completely understood. Knowledge on carcinogenesis and gastric damage-related biomarkers is abundant in adult populations, but scarce in children. We performed an extensive literature review focusing on gastric cancer related biomarkers identified in adult populations, which have been detected in children infected with H. pylori. Biomarkers were related to expression levels (RNA or protein) and/or methylation levels (DNA) in gastric tissue or blood of infected children as compared to non-infected controls. In this review, we identified 37 biomarkers of which 24 are over expressed, three are under expressed, and ten genes are significantly hypermethylated in H. pylori-infected children compared to healthy controls in at least 1 study. Only four of these biomarkers (pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin, and SLC5A8) have been studied in asymptomatically infected children. Importantly, 13 of these biomarkers (β-catenin, C-MYC, GATA-4, DAPK1, CXCL13, DC-SIGN, TIMP3, EGFR, GRIN2B, PIM2, SLC5A8, CDH1, and VCAM-1.) are consistently deregulated in infected children and in adults with gastric cancer. Future studies should be designed to determine the clinical significance of these changes in infection-associated biomarkers in children and their persistence over time. The effect of eradication therapy over these biomarkers in children if proven significant, could lead to modifications in treatment guidelines for younger populations, and eventually promote the development of preventive strategies, such as vaccination, in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio George
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yalda Lucero
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Roberto del Río Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Torres
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anne J Lagomarcino
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel O'Ryan
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Xie M, Wu J, Ji L, Jiang X, Zhang J, Ge M, Cai X. Development of Triptolide Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System and Its Anti-tumor Effect on Gastric Cancer Xenografts. Front Oncol 2019; 9:978. [PMID: 31637212 PMCID: PMC6788343 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To develop a triptolide (TP) self-microemulsifying drug delivery system and to investigate its anti-tumor effect on human gastric cancer line MGC80-3 xenografts in nude mice. Methods: The medium chain triglyceride (MCT) was selected as oil phase; polyoxyethylene castor oil (EL) was selected as surfactant, and PEG-400 was selected as cosurfactant. The mass ratio of each phase was optimized by central composite design and response surface methodology to prepare TP-SMEDDS (self-microemulsifying drug delivery system). The quality of TP-SMEDDS was evaluated, and its inhibitory effect on tumor growth investigated in nude mice transplanted with MGC80-3 cells. Results: The final prescription process was defined as follows: MCT mass ratio: 25.3%; EL mass ratio: 49.6%; PEG-400 mass ratio: 25.1%. The prepared TP-SMEDDS was a transparent liquid with a clear appearance (the theoretical particle size: 31.168 nm). On transmission electron microscopy, the microemulsion particles were spherical in size and uniformly distributed without adhesions. The in vitro release experiment showed complete release of the prepared TP-SMEDDS in PBS solution in 6 h. In vivo antitumor activity showed its inhibitory effect in the xenograft model. Conclusion: The self-microemulsifying delivery system improved the oral bioavailability and the in vivo antitumor effect of TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqaing Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinjun Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Wang J, Yao Y, Zhang Q, Li S, Tang L. Inflammatory responses induced by Helicobacter pylori on the carcinogenesis of gastric epithelial GES‑1 cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:2200-2210. [PMID: 31081048 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a pathogenic bacterium associated with chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. In the present study, the primary carcinogenesis process of normal gastric epithelial cells (GES‑1) infected with HP was investigated. It was determined that infected gastric mucosal epithelial GES‑1 cells secreted increased interleukin‑8 (IL‑8) and IL‑23, and exhibited enhanced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase‑2, inducing inflammatory reactions and resulting in apoptosis. The bacterial infection significantly increased the expression of carcinogenesis‑associated genes, including p16, c‑Myc, p53 and p21, as well as the expression of cell surface signaling molecules cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) and CD54 in GES‑1 cells or tissues of patients with gastritis and gastric cancer in vitro or in vivo. Simultaneously, the migration and invasion abilities of normal gastric epithelial GES‑1 cells were increased following HP infection. These observations demonstrated that the inflammatory response of HP infection could cause normal gastric epithelial cells to undergo significant cancerous reactions, indicating that HP is a risk factor for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Yongliang Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Qinghui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Tang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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Tie J, Zhang X, Fan D. Epigenetic roles in the malignant transformation of gastric mucosal cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4599-4610. [PMID: 27464701 PMCID: PMC5097112 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinogenesis occurs when gastric epithelial cells transition through the initial, immortal, premalignant, and malignant stages of transformation. Epigenetic regulations contribute to this multistep process. Due to the critical role of epigenetic modifications , these changes are highly likely to be of clinical use in the future as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the early detection and treatment of cancers. Here, we summarize the recent findings on how epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, regulate gastric carcinogenesis, and we discuss potential new strategies for the diagnosis and treatments of gastric cancer. The strategies may be helpful in the further understanding of epigenetic regulation in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
This review includes the main pediatric studies published from April 2014 to March 2015. The host response of Treg cells with increases in FOXP3 and TGF-β1 combined with a reduction in IFN-γ by Teff cells may contribute to Helicobacter pylori susceptibility in children. Genotypic variability in H. pylori strains influences the clinical manifestation of the infection. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with variables indicative of a crowded environment and poor living conditions, while breast-feeding has a protective effect. Intrafamilial infection, especially from mother to children and from sibling to sibling, is the dominant transmission route. Studies showed conflicting results regarding the association between H. pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia. One study suggests that H. pylori eradication plays a role in the management of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura in H. pylori-infected children and adolescents. The prevalence of H. pylori was higher in chronic urticaria patients than in controls and, following H. pylori eradication, urticarial symptoms disappeared. An inverse relationship between H. pylori infection and allergic disease was reported. Antibiotic resistance and insufficient compliance to treatment limit the efficacy of eradication therapy. Sequential therapy had no advantage over standard triple therapy. In countries where H. pylori infection is prevalent, studies focusing on virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility may provide anticipation of the prognosis and may be helpful to reduce morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Roma
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Erasmo Miele
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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