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Song J, Dong X, Lan Y, Lu Y, Liu X, Kang X, Huang Z, Yue B, Liu Y, Ma W, Zhang L, Yan H, He M, Fan Z, Guo T. Interpretation of vaginal metagenomic characteristics in different types of vaginitis. mSystems 2024; 9:e0137723. [PMID: 38364107 PMCID: PMC10949516 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01377-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Although vaginitis is closely related to vaginal microecology in females, the precise composition and functional potential of different types of vaginitis remain unclear. Here, metagenomic sequencing was applied to analyze the vaginal flora in patients with various forms of vaginitis, including cases with a clue cell proportion ranging from 1% to 20% (Clue1_20), bacterial vaginitis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and BV combined with VVC (VVC_BV). Our results identified Prevotella as an important biomarker between BV and Clue1_20. Moreover, a gradual decrease was observed in the relative abundance of shikimic acid metabolism associated with bacteria producing indole as well as a decline in the abundance of Gardnerella vaginalis in patients with BV, Clue1_20, and healthy women. Interestingly, the vaginal flora of patients in the VVC_BV group exhibited structural similarities to that of the VVC group, and its potentially functional characteristics resembled those of the BV and VVC groups. Finally, Lactobacillus crispatus was found in high abundance in healthy samples, greatly contributing to the stability of the vaginal environment. For the further study of L. crispatus, we isolated five strains of L. crispatus from healthy samples and evaluated their capacity to inhibit G. vaginalis biofilms and produce lactic acid in vitro to select the potential probiotic candidate for improving vaginitis in future clinical studies. Overall, we successfully identified bacterial biomarkers of different vaginitis and characterized the dynamic shifts in vaginal flora between patients with BV and healthy females. This research advances our understanding and holds great promise in enhancing clinical approaches for the treatment of vaginitis. IMPORTANCE Vaginitis is one of the most common gynecological diseases, mostly caused by infections of pathogens such as Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis. In recent years, it has been found that the stability of the vaginal flora plays an important role in vaginitis. Furthermore, the abundant Lactobacillus-producing rich lactic acid in the vagina provides a healthy acidic environment such as Lactobacillus crispatus. The metabolites of Lactobacillus can inhibit the colonization of pathogens. Here, we collected the vaginal samples of patients with bacterial vaginitis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and BV combined with VVC to discover the differences and relationships among the different kinds of vaginitis by metagenomic sequencing. Furthermore, because of the importance of L. crispatus in promoting vaginal health, we isolated multiple strains from vaginal samples of healthy females and chose the most promising strain with potential probiotic benefits to provide clinical implications for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Song
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Lan
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuena Kang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhonglu Huang
- Meishan Women and Children’s Hospital, Meishan, Sichuan, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjin Ma
- Chenghua District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Renshou County People’s Hospital, Renshou, Sichuan, China
| | - Haijun Yan
- Meishan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Meishan, Sichuan, China
| | - Miao He
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhang N, Chen Z, Huang M, Lu Q, Yang H, Xiang J, Yang J, Peng Y, Wang G, Han N, Min X, Huang J. Cervicovaginal microbiota long-term dynamics and prediction of different outcomes in persistent human papillomavirus infection. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29451. [PMID: 38305046 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer, posing serious threats to the health of women. Although the cervicovaginal microbiota is strongly associated with CIN, the dynamics of the microbiota during CIN development are unknown. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 3-year longitudinal data from 72 patients diagnosed with a persistent HPV infection almost all caused by high-risk HPV types. Patients were categorized into groups with HPV persistent infection (n = 37), progression to CIN (n = 16), and CIN regression (n = 19) based on infection outcome during the follow-up period. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on consecutively collected cervical samples to explore the composition and dynamics of the cervicovaginal microbiota during the development and regression of CIN. Our results showed that the composition of the cervicovaginal microbiota varied among women with different HPV infection outcomes and remained relatively stable during the follow-up period. Notably, the serial follow-up data showed that these microbial alterations were present for at least 1-2 years and occurred before pathologic changes. In addition, microbial markers that were highly discriminatory for CIN progression or regression were identified. This study provides evidence for a temporal relationship between changes in the cervicovaginal microbiota and the development of CIN, and our findings provide support for future microbial intervention strategies for CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningqing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zuyi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Meirong Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qin Lu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jialin Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianru Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yanfeng Peng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Guangli Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Niwei Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xun Min
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Effect of Probiotics on Host-Microbiota in Bacterial Infections. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11090986. [PMID: 36145418 PMCID: PMC9500725 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by bacteria cause millions of deaths every year. In addition, the problem of resistance to antibiotics is so serious that it threatens the achievements of modern medicine. This is a very important global problem as some bacteria can also develop persistence. Indeed, the persistence of pathogenic bacteria has evolved as a potent survival strategy to overcome host organisms’ defense mechanisms. Additionally, chronic or persistent infections may be caused by persisters which could facilitate antibiotic resistance. Probiotics are considered good bacteria. It has been described that the modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics could have a great potential to counteract the deleterious impact and/or regulate gut microbiota after bacterial infection. Probiotics might provide health benefits through the inhibition of pathogen growth or the replacement of pathogenic bacteria. Bearing in mind that current strategies to avoid bacterial persistence and prevent antibiotic resistance are not effective, other strategies need to be assessed. We have carried out a comprehensive review, which included the reported literature between 2016 and 2021, highlighting the clinical trials that reported the probiotics’ potential to regulate gut microbiota after bacterial infection and focusing in particular on the context of antibiotic resistance and persister cells.
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McClymont E, Albert AY, Wang C, Dos Santos SJ, Coutlée F, Lee M, Walmsley S, Lipsky N, Loutfy M, Trottier S, Smaill F, Klein MB, Yudin MH, Harris M, Wobeser W, Hill JE, Money DM. Vaginal microbiota associated with oncogenic HPV in a cohort of HPV-vaccinated women living with HIV. Int J STD AIDS 2022; 33:847-855. [PMID: 35775280 PMCID: PMC9388949 DOI: 10.1177/09564624221109686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Women living with HIV (WLWH) experience higher rates of human papillomavirus
(HPV) infection and cervical cancer than women without HIV. Changes in the
vaginal microbiome have been implicated in HPV-related disease processes
such as persistence of high-risk HPV infection but this has not been well
defined in a population living with HIV. Methods Four hundred and 20 girls and WLWH, age ≥9, across 14 clinical sites in
Canada were enrolled to receive three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine for
assessment of vaccine immunogenicity. Blood, cervical cytology, and
cervico-vaginal swabs were collected. Cervico-vaginal samples were tested
for HPV DNA and underwent microbiota sequencing. Results Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering generated
community state types (CSTs). Relationships between taxa and CSTs with HPV
infection were examined using mixed-effects logistic regressions, Poisson
regressions, or generalized linear mixed-effects models, as appropriate.
Three hundred and fifty-six cervico-vaginal microbiota samples from 172
women were sequenced. Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 211 (59%)
samples; 110 (31%) contained oncogenic HPV. Sixty-five samples (18%) were
taken concurrently with incident oncogenic HPV infection and 56 (16%) were
collected from women with concurrent persistent oncogenic HPV infection. Conclusions No significant associations between taxa, CST, or microbial diversity and
HPV-related outcomes were found. However, we observed weak associations
between a dysbiotic microbiome and specific species, including
Gardnerella, Porphyromonas, and
Prevotella species, with incident HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth McClymont
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,469220Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Christine Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, 12358University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Scott J Dos Santos
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, 70399University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Département de Microbiologie Médicale et Infectiologie, 5622l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marette Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sharon Walmsley
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, 7989University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, 274071University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy Lipsky
- 574117Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mona Loutfy
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvie Trottier
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, 4440Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Fiona Smaill
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marina B Klein
- 54473McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark H Yudin
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, 574538St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marianne Harris
- Faculty of Medicine, 12358University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,198129British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wendy Wobeser
- Departments of Public Health and Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, 4257Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Janet E Hill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, 70399University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Deborah M Money
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,574117Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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