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Troupis CJ, Knight RAH, Lau KKP. What is the appropriate measure of radiology workload: Study or image numbers? J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38837555 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies assessing the volume of radiological studies rarely considered the corresponding number of images. We aimed to quantify the increases in study and image numbers per radiologist in a tertiary healthcare network to better understand the demands on imaging services. METHODS Using the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), the number of images per study was obtained for all diagnostic studies reported by in-house radiologists at a tertiary healthcare network in Melbourne, Australia, between January 2009 and December 2022. Payroll data was used to obtain the numbers of full-time equivalent radiologists. RESULTS Across all modalities, there were 4,462,702 diagnostic studies and 1,116,311,209 images. The number of monthly studies increased from 17,235 to 35,152 (104%) over the study period. The number of monthly images increased from 1,120,832 to 13,353,056 (1091%), with computed tomography (CT) showing the greatest absolute increase of 9,395,653 images per month (1476%). There was no increase in the monthly studies per full-time equivalent radiologist; however, the number of monthly image slices per radiologist increased 399%, from 48,781 to 243,518 (Kendall Tau correlation coefficient 0.830, P-value < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The number of monthly images per radiologist increased substantially from 2009 to 2022, despite a relatively constant number of monthly studies per radiologist. Our study suggests that using the number of studies as an isolated fundamental data set underestimates the true radiologist's workload. We propose that the increased volume of images examined by individual radiologists may more appropriately reflect true work demand and may add more weight to future workforce planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher John Troupis
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kenneth Kwok-Pan Lau
- Monash Imaging, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, 3050, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Parikh JR, Lexa F. Practical Strategies to Retain Radiologists. J Am Coll Radiol 2024; 21:963-968. [PMID: 38101499 PMCID: PMC11144110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the great resignation associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, radiology practices are now challenged with maintaining adequate radiology staffing requirements to cope with increasing clinical workload requirements. The authors describe practical strategies for radiology practice leaders to retain radiologists in the current challenging job market, while mitigating their burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Parikh
- Professor, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Frank Lexa
- Professor and Vice Chair, Faculty Affairs, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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3
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Parikh JR, Cavanaugh KJ. Formal wellness training of academic radiology leaders improves work-life conflict. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10735-2. [PMID: 38639913 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of formal leadership training of academic radiology leaders within an academic center on their own burnout and professional fulfillment. METHODS The study cohort was academic radiology leaders within one of the largest academic organizations of academic radiologists within the United States. All academic radiology leaders within the organization were electronically mailed a weblink to a confidential IRB-approved survey in April 2021. The survey included validated questions from the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI), values alignment, teamwork, overload, and work-family conflict. Academic leaders were invited in May 2021 to participate in instructor-led formal training on leading wellness focusing on 5 core leadership skills - emotional intelligence, self-care, resilience support, demonstrating care, and managing burnout. An identical follow-up survey was electronically mailed 6 months after initial training in November 2021. RESULTS The overall response rate of academic radiology leaders was 59% (19/32). For both measures, there was acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.63 for work exhaustion and α = 0.90 for fulfillment). There was a statistically significant improvement in work-family conflict (3.32 vs 2.86; p = 0.04). No statistically significant differences were identified for fulfillment, work exhaustion, alignment, work overload, and teamwork scores after training. CONCLUSION Formal instruction in leading wellness improved work-life conflict for academic radiology leaders. There was no significant change in burnout, fulfillment nor organizational alignment of the leaders. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Formal instruction in leading wellness raised awareness and improved work-life conflict in academic radiology leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Parikh
- Department of Breast Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St., Unit 1350, CPB 5.3208, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Katelyn J Cavanaugh
- Leadership Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7007 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Baird GL, Mainiero MB, Bernstein MH, Parikh JR. Should I Stay, or Should I Go? Early Phase Instrument Development of Workforce Movement-A Pilot Study with Breast Radiologists. J Am Coll Radiol 2024; 21:515-522. [PMID: 37816468 PMCID: PMC10922960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to develop a psychometrically valid survey on workplace satisfaction and examine predictors of workforce movement among breast radiologists. METHODS Actively practicing members of the Society of Breast Imaging were invited to complete a survey on workplace satisfaction. Radiologists also indicated whether they had recently left their practice or were thinking of leaving their practice. RESULTS In total, 228 breast radiologists provided valid responses (8.7% response rate); 45% were thinking of leaving or had left their practice. Factor analysis yielded five factors, and discriminant function analysis found six main aspects associated with workforce movement in breast radiologists: (1) not enough work-life balance; (2) salary too low; (3) not feeling valued; (4) wanting a different challenge and/or more growth opportunity; (5) safety concerns; and (6) not feeling respected by physician leadership. CONCLUSIONS Pending further validation in larger and different cohorts, the survey created here can be administered by radiology practices to predict when breast radiologists are vulnerable to quitting. Atlhough this measure was designed for breast radiologists specifically, it could be adapted for other subspecialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson L Baird
- Associate Professor, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital & the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Associate Professor, Radiology Human Factors Lab, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital & the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Martha B Mainiero
- Professor, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital & the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Michael H Bernstein
- Assistant Professor, Radiology Human Factors Lab, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital & the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jay R Parikh
- Professor, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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5
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Hassankhani A, Amoukhteh M, Valizadeh P, Jannatdoust P, Ghadimi DJ, Sabeghi P, Gholamrezanezhad A. A Meta-analysis of Burnout in Radiology Trainees and Radiologists: Insights From the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:1198-1216. [PMID: 37980223 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Burnout, stemming from chronic work stress, is a significant issue in the medical field, especially among radiologists. It leads to compromised patient care and reduced job satisfaction. Addressing burnout in radiology is essential for the well-being of radiologists and, in turn, for improving patient care. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and dimensions of burnout among radiology trainees (RTs) and practicing radiologists (PRs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with established guidelines. The search encompassed PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to June 20, 2023. Eligible studies that assessed the rate of burnout syndrome and/or its subscales, including depersonalization (DP), emotional exhaustion (EE), and personal accomplishment (PA), among RTs and/or PRs using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), were included. Relevant data were extracted and analyzed using R and STATA. RESULTS Among the 22 included studies, the pooled rates of positive MBI subscales for RTs and PRs were as follows: 54.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 43.8%-65.1%, I2 = 95.2%) for DP, 57.2% (95% CI: 48.7%-65.4%, I2 = 92.9%) for EE, and 38.6% (95% CI: 27%-51.7%, I2 = 95.5%) for low PA. The pooled rate indicating the presence of at least one positive MBI subscale was 82.9% (95% CI: 79.2%-86.1%, I2 = 57.4%). For two or more positive MBI subscales, the pooled rate was 55.5% (95% CI: 49.7%-61.3%, I2 = 60.2%), and for three positive MBI subscales, it was 16.7% (95% CI: 11.7%-23.3%, I2 = 82.7%). CONCLUSION This study emphasizes a notable prevalence of burnout in the radiology specialty, with 8 of 10 individuals exhibiting positive results in at least one MBI subscale. This highlights the urgent need for interventions and support systems to protect the well-being of both trainees and practitioners and uphold the quality of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hassankhani
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California (A.H., M.A., P.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (A.H., M.A.)
| | - Melika Amoukhteh
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California (A.H., M.A., P.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (A.H., M.A.)
| | - Parya Valizadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (P.V.)
| | - Payam Jannatdoust
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (P.V.)
| | - Delaram J Ghadimi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (D.J.G.)
| | - Paniz Sabeghi
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California (A.H., M.A., P.S., A.G.)
| | - Ali Gholamrezanezhad
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California (A.H., M.A., P.S., A.G.).
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Fawzy NA, Tahir MJ, Saeed A, Ghosheh MJ, Alsheikh T, Ahmed A, Lee KY, Yousaf Z. Incidence and factors associated with burnout in radiologists: A systematic review. Eur J Radiol Open 2023; 11:100530. [PMID: 37920681 PMCID: PMC10618688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2023.100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale and objectives Burnout among physicians has a prevalence rate exceeding 50%. The radiology department is not immune to the burnout epidemic. Understanding and addressing burnout among radiologists has been a subject of recent interest. Thus, our study aims to systematically review studies reporting the prevalence of burnout in physicians in the radiology department while providing an overview of the factors associated with burnout among radiologists. Materials and methods The search was conducted from inception until November 13th, 2022, in PubMed, Embase, Education Resources Information Center, PsycINFO, and psycArticles. Studies reporting the prevalence of burnout or any subdimensions among radiology physicians, including residents, fellows, consultants, and attendings, were included. Data on study characteristics and estimates of burnout syndrome or any of its subdimensions were collected and summarized. Results After screening 6379 studies, 23 studies from seven countries were eligible. The number of participants ranged from 26 to 460 (median, 162; interquartile range, 91-264). In all, 18 studies (78.3%) employed a form of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. In comparison, four studies (17.4%) used the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index, and one study (4.3%) used a single-item measure derived from the Zero Burnout Program survey. Overall burnout prevalence estimates were reported by 14 studies (60.9%) and varied from 33% to 88%. High burnout prevalence estimates were reported by only five studies (21.7%) and ranged from 5% to 62%. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization prevalence estimates were reported by 16 studies (69.6%) and ranged from 11%-100% and 4%-97%, respectively. Furthermore, 15 studies (65.2%) reported low personal accomplishment prevalence, ranging from 14.7% to 84%. There were at least seven definitions for overall burnout and high burnout among the included studies, and there was high heterogeneity among the cutoff scores used for the burnout subdimensions. Conclusion Burnout in radiology is increasing globally, with prevalence estimates reaching 88% and 62% for overall and high burnout, respectively. A myriad of factors has been identified as contributing to the increased prevalence. Our data demonstrated significant variability in burnout prevalence estimates among radiologists and major disparities in burnout criteria, instrument tools, and study quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader A. Fawzy
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Junaid Tahir
- Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center (PKLI & RC), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Saeed
- Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center (PKLI & RC), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Tamara Alsheikh
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ka Yiu Lee
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
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Parikh JR, Baird GL, Mainiero MB. A pre-post study of stressors and burnout affecting breast radiologists before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Radiol Open 2023; 11:100507. [PMID: 37538382 PMCID: PMC10393601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2023.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale and objective To compare burnout and stressors of breast radiologists prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods Members of the Society of Breast Imaging were emailed an IRB-approved survey in January 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey included questions from the Maslach Burnout Inventory and specific stressors including work pace, work-life balance, care of dependents, and financial strain. Data were compared to previous surveys prior to the pandemic. Results The response rate was 25% (261/1061) for those who opened the email. Of the respondents, 74% (194/261) were female, 82% (214/261) were white, 73% (191/261) were full time, 71% (185/261) were fellowship trained, 41% (106/261) had more than 20 years of experience, and 30% (79/261) were in academic practice.Respondents in 2021 reported frequent levels of depersonalization (2.2) and emotional exhaustion (3.4) while reporting frequent levels of personal accomplishment (5.3), a protective factor. These values were nearly identical before the pandemic in 2020: (2.2, 3.5, 5.3, respectively, p = .9). Respondents rated practicing faster than they would like as the highest stressor; however, 5 of the 6 stressors improved after the pandemic onset (p < .05). Conversely, participants perceived these stresses had gotten slightly worse since the pandemic (p < .01). Almost 50% of respondents reported they were considering leaving their practice; the most common reason was work/life balance. Conclusion Burnout in breast radiologists remains frequent but unchanged during the COVID-19 pandemic. While participants perceived that some stressors were worse during the pandemic, there was slight improvement in most stressors between the pre-pandemic and pandemic cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R. Parikh
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Grayson L. Baird
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital & the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
- Radiology Human Factors Lab, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital & the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Martha B. Mainiero
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital & the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
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Meyer CA, Klein JS, Liubauskas R, Bhalla S, Eisenberg RL. Cardiothoracic Radiologist Workload, Work Capacity, and Burnout Post-COVID: Results of a Survey From the Society of Thoracic Radiology. J Thorac Imaging 2023; 38:261-269. [PMID: 37115947 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
In this report and analysis of the results of a late 2021 post-COVID pandemic survey of members of the Society of Thoracic Radiology, we compared cardiothoracic radiologist workloads and burnout rates with those obtained from a prepandemic survey of society members. The more recent survey also asked respondents to provide a subjective assessment of their individual workload capacity should they be required to read cases at a section average daily case work volume, and this assessment was correlated with burnout rates. To measure nonrelative value unit workload, we requested data on non-case-related work responsibilities including teaching and multidisciplinary conferences that were not assessed in the first survey. In addition, we asked respondents to provide information on the availability of support services, personnel, and hardware and software tools that could improve work efficiency and reduce radiologist stress levels thereby mitigating burnout. We found that postpandemic case workload and cardiothoracic radiologists' burnout rates were similarly high compared with prepandemic levels with an overall burnout rate of 88% including a 100% burnout rate among women which had significantly increased. The range of radiologists' workload capacity is broad, although 80% of respondents reported that reading at an average sectional case volume was at or above their capacity, and the perceived capacity correlated with burnout measures. The presence of fellows and computer-aided diagnosis/artificial intelligence tools were each associated with significant decreases in burnout, providing 2 potential strategies that could be employed to address high cardiothoracic radiologist burnout rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristopher A Meyer
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI
| | - Jeffrey S Klein
- Department of Radiology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Rokas Liubauskas
- Department of Radiology, Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Sanjeev Bhalla
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ronald L Eisenberg
- Department of Radiology, Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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Parikh JR, Moore AV, Mead L, Bassett R, Rubin E. Prevalence of Burnout of Radiologists in Private Practice. J Am Coll Radiol 2023; 20:712-718. [PMID: 36898491 PMCID: PMC10491735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and demographic factors associated with both burnout and fulfillment of private practice radiologists within the largest coalition of independent wholly physician-owned diagnostic radiology practices within the United States. METHODS The study cohort included practicing radiologists within the largest coalition of wholly radiologist-owned, independently practicing diagnostic radiology groups within the United States. Practicing radiologists within all 31 radiology private practices within the organization were electronically mailed a web link to a confidential institutional review board-approved survey in August and September 2021. The survey included validated questions from the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index, individual and practice demographics, and self-care. Radiologists were classified as being burned out and professionally fulfilled on the basis of established cutoffs from the Professional Fulfillment Index. RESULTS The overall response rate was 20.6% (254 of 1,235). The overall rate of radiologist burnout was 46% (Cronbach's α = 0.92), and professional fulfillment was 26.7% (Cronbach's α = 0.91). The inverse association between professional fulfillment and burnout was highly significant (r = -0.66, P < .0001) on the basis of average scores. Radiologists who took call (evenings, overnight, and weekends) were statistically most likely to be burned out. Older radiologists were less likely to experience burnout. Factors statistically significantly associated with professional fulfillment were eating nutritious meals and exercising at least four times per week. No statistically significant association was seen between either burnout or fulfillment with gender, ethnicity, practice geography, or practice size. CONCLUSIONS In the largest coalition of independent wholly physician-owned diagnostic radiology practices across the United States, about one-half of radiologists were burned out, and just over one-quarter were professionally fulfilled. Taking call was significantly associated with radiologist burnout. Self-care habits were associated with professional fulfillment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Parikh
- Professor, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Arl Van Moore
- Chairman and CEO Emeritus, Strategic Radiology, Palmetto, Florida
| | - Lisa Mead
- Strategic Radiology, Palmetto, Florida
| | - Roland Bassett
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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10
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Parikh JR. Innovative Approaches to Address Burnout in Radiology. J Am Coll Radiol 2023; 20:477-478. [PMID: 36934888 PMCID: PMC10167699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Parikh
- Professor, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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11
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Cankurtaran CZ, Reddy S, Cen SY, Lei X, Walker DK. Work-Life Experience of Academic Radiologists: Food for Thought. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:579-584. [PMID: 36775667 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Work-life experience of physicians is a driver of work engagement vs. burnout. We aimed to determine individual and institutional factors affecting work-life experience of the clinical faculty at a large tertiary care academic medical center. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Department of Radiology clinical faculty (n = 62) were surveyed electronically in October 2022. Twenty-three questions, consisting of multiple choice, Yes/No, and Likert scale ratings were administered to obtain demographic information and data for life outside of work, life at work, and work-life integration for the prior 12 months. Work engagements in terms of clinical, research, administrative, and education; work practices including engagement in extra work and remote work; life responsibilities; and utilization of work-life balance strategies were analyzed for percentages and differences in seniority levels and genders. Ratings of faculty work engagement and life integration strategies were assessed utilizing a 1-5 Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were utilized to report mean, standard deviation, median, Q1 and Q3 for continuous measurements, while count and percentage for categories measurements. Comparisons between seniority and gender categories were conducted using independent t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test depending on data normality assessed through histogram analysis. Chi-square test was used to make comparisons for categorical data. When encountered with small cell (category with <5 count), Fisher's exact test was used for 2 × 2 table analysis and Freeman-Halton test was used for comparisons with more than two categories. SAS 9.4 was used for the data analysis. RESULTS Twenty-eight faculty (M:F = 17:11) responded to the survey (survey response rate 45%). The vast majority of faculty reported working extra hours, with 40% working at least 10 hours extra per week. Total of 42.9% reported performing clinical work in the extra hours worked. Total 70.4% of faculty had caregiver responsibilities and 64.3% reported other individual stresses (e.g., financial, family/social, health-related), which required consistent demand of time and effort. A total of 35.7% of faculty reported not being able to balance competing life and work demands. A total of 21.4% respondents reported not utilizing any individual healthy lifestyle choices on a consistent basis over the prior 12 months. Protected time off work and remote work were perceived as effective strategies to provide adequate work-life balance; however, remote work engagement was relatively minor and 35.7% bought back vacation. Total 53.6% respondents reported a level 4 (out of 5) rating for work being meaningful and being positively engaged in their work. CONCLUSION Institutions should invest in providing the infrastructure for physician work-life balance and in facilitating healthy lifestyle choices for physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceylan Z Cankurtaran
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, 1500 San Pablo Street, LL Radiology HCC2, Los Angeles, CA, 90033.
| | | | - Steven Yong Cen
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC
| | - Xiaomeng Lei
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC
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12
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Parikh JR, Van Moore A, Mead L, Bassett R, Rubin E. Prevalence of burnout in private practice radiology leaders. Clin Imaging 2022; 92:1-6. [PMID: 36126440 PMCID: PMC10139836 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate prevalence and demographic factors associated with both burnout and fulfillment of private practice radiologist leaders within the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study cohort was the largest coalition of wholly radiologist owned, independently practicing radiology groups within the United States. Two designated leaders within each of the 30 radiology private practices within the organization Strategic Radiology were electronically mailed a weblink to a confidential IRB-approved survey in July 2021. Surveys included questions from the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index, individual and practice demographics, and self-care. RESULTS The overall response rate was 67% (40/60). Fulfillment and burnout scores were calculated from the individual questions, and radiologists were classified as being fulfilled or not and burned out or not based upon score cutoffs previously validated from the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI). The overall professional fulfillment rate of staff was 43% and the overall burnout rate was 33%. (Cronbach's α = 0.90 for fulfillment and 0.91 for burnout). The inverse correlation between professional fulfillment and burnout was highly significant (r = -0.42, p = 0.007). No statistically significant association was seen between either burnout or fulfillment and age, gender, ethnicity, practice geography or practice size. CONCLUSION Utilizing the validated Stanford PFI for assessment, the prevalence of burnout in private practice radiologist leaders was 33%. The prevalence of professional fulfillment was 43%, with a mild inverse association between professional fulfillment and burnout. SUMMARY In private practice leaders, the prevalence of burnout was 33% and the prevalence of professional fulfillment was 43%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Parikh
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA.
| | | | - Lisa Mead
- Strategic Radiology, Palmetto, FL, USA.
| | - Roland Bassett
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA.
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Impact of Artificial Intelligence Assistance on Chest CT Interpretation Times: A Prospective Randomized Study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2022; 219:743-751. [PMID: 35703413 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.22.27598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Deep learning-based convolutional neural networks have enabled major advances in development of artificial intelligence (AI) software applications. Modern AI applications offer comprehensive multiorgan evaluation. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the impact of an automated AI platform integrated into clinical workflow for chest CT interpretation on radiologists' interpretation times when evaluated in a real-world clinical setting. METHODS. In this prospective single-center study, a commercial AI software solution was integrated into clinical workflow for chest CT interpretation. The software provided automated analysis of cardiac, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal findings, including labeling, segmenting, and measuring normal structures as well as detecting, labeling, and measuring abnormalities. AI-annotated images and autogenerated summary results were stored in the PACS and available to interpreting radiologists. A total of 390 patients (204 women, 186 men; mean age, 62.8 ± 13.3 [SD] years) who underwent out-patient chest CT between January 19, 2021, and January 28, 2021, were included. Scans were randomized using 1:1 allocation between AI-assisted and non-AI-assisted arms and were clinically interpreted by one of three cardiothoracic radiologists (65 scans per arm per radiologist; total of 195 scans per arm) who recorded interpretation times using a stopwatch. Findings were categorized according to review of report impressions. Interpretation times were compared between arms. RESULTS. Mean interpretation times were significantly shorter in the AI-assisted than in the non-AI-assisted arm for all three readers (289 ± 89 vs 344 ± 129 seconds, p < .001; 449 ± 110 vs 649 ± 82 seconds, p < .001; 281 ± 114 vs 348 ± 93 seconds, p = .01) and for readers combined (328 ± 122 vs 421 ± 175 seconds, p < .001). For readers combined, the mean difference was 93 seconds (95% CI, 63-123 seconds), corresponding with a 22.1% reduction in the AI-assisted arm. Mean interpretation time was also shorter in the AI-assisted arm compared with the non-AI-assisted arm for contrast-enhanced scans (83 seconds), noncontrast scans (104 seconds), negative scans (84 seconds), positive scans without significant new findings (117 seconds), and positive scans with significant new findings (92 seconds). CONCLUSION. Cardiothoracic radiologists exhibited a 22.1% reduction in chest CT interpretations times when they had access to results from an automated AI support platform during real-world clinical practice. CLINICAL IMPACT. Integration of the AI support platform into clinical workflow improved radiologist efficiency.
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Peng YC, Lee WJ, Chang YC, Chan WP, Chen SJ. Radiologist Burnout: Trends in Medical Imaging Utilization under the National Health Insurance System with the Universal Code Bundling Strategy in an Academic Tertiary Medical Centre. Eur J Radiol 2022; 157:110596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Le RT, Sifrig B, Chesire D, Hernandez M, Kee-Sampson J, Matteo J, Meyer TE. Comparative Analysis of Radiology Trainee Burnout Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Acad Radiol 2022; 30:991-997. [PMID: 36167626 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is an individualized response to imbalances between job demands and resources that has predominantly been evaluated with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). There are other instruments not validated among healthcare providers that may be comparable to the MBI. Utilizing alternative measurements can allow researchers to assess wellness with a larger array of questions. OBJECTIVE We explored differences between the MBI- Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS [MP]) and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) in evaluating emotional exhaustion (EE)/exhaustion and depersonalization (DP)/disengagement. METHODS We administered the MBI-HSS (MP) and OLBI to United States (US) radiology trainees during three,1-month intervals in April 2018, October 2018, and April 2019. Student's T-tests or ANOVA was used to evaluate differences between demographic groups and burnout scores in the MBI-HSS (MP) and OBLI. Non-inferiority analysis was completed to evaluate if the OBLI was not inferior to the MBI-HSS (MP) in how its subscales measure exhaustion and disengagement. The MBI-HSS (MP) subtotals for EE and DP were compared with the OLBI scores for exhaustion and disengagement using two-tailed paired T-tests for each trainee. RESULTS Of 2823 trainees emailed, 770 (27.3%) responded. The mean EE Maslach score was 21/54, and the mean DP Maslach score was 8/30. The average OBLI exhaustion and disengagement score was 2.38 and 2.22, respectively. Comparative analysis of completed MBI-HSS (MP) and OLBI subscales yielded no significant difference between the EE/exhaustion (t(496)=1.038; p=0.30) or DP/disengagement (t(498)=0.084; p=0.933) subscales. CONCLUSIONS Our national study of radiology trainees demonstrated that the OLBI was not inferior in assessing exhaustion and disengagement to the EE and DP subscales of the MBI-HSS (MP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T Le
- Department of Radiology, UF Health Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology, Rochester General Hospital, 1425 Portland Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14621.
| | - Brian Sifrig
- Department of Radiology, UF Health Jacksonville, FL
| | | | | | | | - Jerry Matteo
- Department of Radiology, UF Health Jacksonville, FL
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The disruptive radiologist. Clin Imaging 2022; 87:5-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Burnout. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:284-286. [PMID: 34782219 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Oliveira A, Gowda V, Jordan SG. It Takes a Village: A Multimodal Approach to Addressing Radiologist Burnout. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2021; 51:289-292. [PMID: 34980509 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Burnout is a significant issue confronting the medical profession, to which radiology is no exception. Addressing burnout demands a full-spectrum response, in keeping with its complexity, prevalence, and significance. This manuscript brings together key techniques at the individual, peer, and institutional levels to offer a multifaceted approach to ameliorating radiologist burnout. Such an approach would begin by equipping physicians with the skillset necessary to identify signs of burnout in themselves and others. Institutions can work to validate the radiologists they employ and work toward mitigating the impact of occupational stressors. Lastly, engaging in conversations about burnout throughout the course of one's medical career can affect a sea change in the way burnout is envisioned, and treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Oliveira
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA.
| | - Vrushab Gowda
- UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sheryl G Jordan
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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Parikh JR, Bender CE. How Radiology Leaders Can Address Burnout. J Am Coll Radiol 2021; 18:679-684. [PMID: 33958083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The 2018 Annual Workforce Survey conducted by the ACR Commission on Human Resources demonstrated that, although the majority of radiology practice leaders acknowledge radiologist burnout as a significant problem, only about one in five leaders responded that their practices were either extremely or very effective at addressing physician burnout. Moving forward, leaders will be increasingly held accountable and expected to describe to their teams their reasons for not addressing burnout. In this article, common misperceptions that may contribute to radiology practice leaders not addressing burnout are described, followed by outlining practical skills that leaders should develop to effectively address burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Parikh
- Professor of Radiology, Division Wellness Lead, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Claire E Bender
- Professor, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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