A Resource-Efficient Tool for Training Novices in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

Training pathway for small bowel capsule endoscopy in the UK

The demand for small bowel (SB) capsule endoscopy (CE) is increasing in the UK. However, there remains a wide variation in the number of CE procedures performed in different centres. Across the UK there is a lack of a clear training pathway or certification process. A standardised national Joint Advisory Group (JAG) on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy approved a 1-year training and accreditation programme accessible to all professional groups that may wish to train in SB CE. Structured training is delivered using JAG-accredited CE courses and an electronic learning module. Prior to setting a knowledge-based assessment, a minimum of 50 SB CE cases are recommended to be read in tandem with a trainer at a local centre, with proficiency documented using Direct Observation of Procedural Skill (DOPS) assessments.

How should we do colon capsule endoscopy reading: a practical guide

In this article, we aim to provide general principles as well as personal views for colonic capsule endoscopy. To allow an in-depth understanding of the recommendations, we also present basic technological characteristics and specifications, with emphasis on the current as well as the previous version of colonic capsule endoscopy and relevant software. To date, there is no scientific proof to support the optimal way of reading a colonic capsule endoscopy video, or any standards or guidelines exist. Hence, any advice is a mixture of recommendations by the capsule manufacturer and experts' opinion. Furthermore, there is a paucity of data regarding the use of term(s) (pre-reader/reader-validator) in colonic capsule endoscopy. We also include a couple of handy tables in order to get info at a glance.

Development of a Nurse-Led Competency-Based Program for Therapeutic Endoscopy: The Formation of the Nurse Product Procedure Group

Therapeutic endoscopy is emerging as an innovating alternative to gastroenterology surgery. Due to the increase in new technologies, endoscopy clinical staff require ongoing education to develop safe, competent practice for new equipment and supplies. Maintaining competencies with new equipment and supplies can be challenging. This article illustrates the development and implementation of a continuous educational program for endoscopy clinical staff at a major academic medical center. An initial needs assessment of staff education and competency led to the multidisciplinary plan for continuous education. Development of the Nurse Product Procedure Group enabled endoscopy staff to standardize care and maintain competency in advanced therapeutic procedures. The Nurse Product Procedure Group offers various pathways of learning to meet clinical staff's individual learning needs. Over a 5-year span of implementation, staff satisfaction of education and resources improved. Key implementation elements of the Nurse Product Procedure Group include monthly staff education, resource development, multidisciplinary collaboration, cost savings, outreach education, and external collaboration with national and international gastroenterology professional organizations and societies.

Does the PillCam SB3 capsule endoscopy system improve image reading efficiency irrespective of experience? A pilot study

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS

 The aim of this study was tp compare the diagnostic efficiency of the PillCam SB3 capsule endoscopy (CE) system with the older system, PillCam SB2, taking into consideration the experience of the image reader.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

 Small intestinal CE was conducted on 64 patients around May 2014 when the SB3 was introduced in our hospital. Data obtained from 20 patients (SB2: 10 and SB3: 10) based on transit time were assessed by junior (experience: 20 images), intermediate (> 50), and expert readers (> 600).

RESULTS

 Reading time with the CE down to the end of the small intestine was shorter in the SB3 group for each reader (SB2 vs. SB3: junior, 40.2 ± 10.1 vs. 23.7 ± 6.7 [ P  = 0.0009]; intermediate, 21.4 ± 4.9 vs. 10.3 ± 2.9 [ P  = 0.0003]; expert, 23.2 ± 5.6 vs. 11.1 ± 2.9 min [ P  = 0.0002]). Interpretation agreement rates between the findings by junior and intermediate readers and those by the expert reader were 84.6 % and 92.3 %, respectively. For the junior reader, rates of agreement using the SB2 and SB3 systems with those by the expert reader were 85.7 % and 83.3 %, respectively; no significant difference was noted between the two systems. Similarly, for the intermediate reader, the respective agreement rates using the SB2 and SB3 systems were 85.7 % and 100 %, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

 The PillCam SB3 reduces the time burden on readers irrespective of their experience.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance of nurses in small bowel capsule endoscopy reading

INTRODUCTION

Increasing demands on healthcare systems mean that nurses are taking on more roles as physician extenders. Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a laborious procedure where specialist nurses could reduce physician workload and rationalise resource utilisation. The aim of this review and meta-analysis is to consolidate data on nurses' performance in small bowel CE (SBCE).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A comprehensive literature search was conducted for randomised controlled trials and comparative studies on nurses in SBCE reading compared to physicians. We examined the performance of nurses compared to SBCE-trained physicians.

RESULTS

Sixteen relevant studies were identified, with 820 SBCE examinations involving 20 nurses. 11/16 studies reported the numbers of SBCE findings detected. Overall, the pooled proportion of all findings reported by physicians and nurses was 86%. Studies involving nurses with endoscopic experience showed a summative detection rate of 89%. 7/16 studies reported the number of videos where there was agreement between the nurse and physicians for overall findings/diagnosis. The overall proportion of videos with agreement was 68%. In studies where nurses had endoscopy experience, the proportion of videos with agreement was 71%.

CONCLUSION

Our meta-analysis supports a more active role for nurses in SBCE reading. We suggest nurses can function as independent CE readers in general, given adequate training and formal credentialing.

Accuracy of trained nurses in finding small bowel lesions at video capsule endoscopy

The video capsule endoscopy is an accurate tool to investigate the entire small bowel. Currently, the nurse actively participates in the procedure from patient preparation to the video download, whereas a gastroenterologist interprets the endoscopic findings. However, few studies recently showed high accuracy of nurses in detecting lesions in the small bowel on video capsule endoscopy recordings. This prospective study aimed to assess the ability of experienced and trained nurses in detecting small bowel lesions as compared with gastroenterologists. Forty-six consecutive video capsule endoscopy procedures were analyzed. Overall, the nurse evaluation was highly (95.6%) accurate in detecting small bowel lesions, with a 100% concordance with the gastroenterologist for the relevant findings. In addition, the absence of lesions was confirmed by the endoscopist in all cases classified as negative by the nurse. Data of this study found that trained nurses, with a large experience in endoscopic features, correctly identified small bowel lesions on video capsule endoscopy recordings. Therefore, a trained nurse may accurately select the thumbnails of all mucosal irregularities that may be faster reviewed by the endoscopist for a final diagnosis.

Optimizing lesion detection in small-bowel capsule endoscopy: from present problems to future solutions

This review presents issues pertaining to lesion detection in small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE). The use of prokinetics, chromoendoscopy, diagnostic yield indicators, localization issues and the use of 3D reconstruction are presented. The authors also review the current status (and future expectations) in automatic lesion detection software development. Automatic lesion detection and reporting, and development of an accurate lesion localization system are the main software challenges of our time. The 'smart', selective and judicious use (before as well as during SBCE) of prokinetics in combination with other modalities (such as real time and/or purge) improves the completion rate of SBCE. The tracking of the capsule within the body is important for the localization of abnormal findings and planning of further therapeutic interventions. Currently, localization is based on transit time. Recently proposed software and hardware solutions are proposed herein. Moreover, the feasibility of software-based 3D representation (attempt for 3D reconstruction) is examined.

Training in small-bowel capsule endoscopy: assessing and defining competency

BACKGROUND

Minimum training for capsule endoscopy (CE) is based on societal guidelines and expert opinion. Objective measures of competence are lacking.

OBJECTIVES

Our objectives were to (1) establish structured CE training curriculum during a gastroenterology fellowship, (2) develop a formalized assessment tool to evaluate CE competency, (3) prospectively analyze trainee CE competency, (4) define metrics for trainee CE competence by using comparative data from CE staff, and (5) determine the correlation between CE competence and previous endoscopy experience.

DESIGN

Single-center, prospective analysis over 6 years.

SETTING

Tertiary academic center.

SUBJECTS

Gastroenterology fellows and CE staff.

INTERVENTIONS

Structured CE training was implemented with supervised CE interpretation. Capsule Competency Test (CapCT) was developed and data were collected on the number of CEs, upper endoscopies, colonoscopies, and push enteroscopies performed.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS

Trainee competence defined as CapCT score 90% or higher of the mean staff score.

RESULTS

A total of 39 fellows completed CE training and CapCT. Fellows were grouped according to number of completed CE interpretations: 10 or fewer (n = 13), 11 to 20 (n = 19), and 21 to 35 (n = 7). Eight CE staff completed CapCT with a mean score of 91%. Mean scores for trainees with fewer than 10, 11 to 20, and 21 to 35 CE interpretations were 79%, 79%, and 85%, respectively. A significant difference was seen between staff and fellow scores with 10 or fewer and 11 to 20 interpretations (P < .001). No correlation was found between trainee scores and previous endoscopy experience.

LIMITATIONS

Single center.

CONCLUSION

Using a structured CE training curriculum, we defined competency in CE interpretation by using the CapCT. Based on these findings, trainees should complete more than 20 CE studies before assessing competence, regardless of previous endoscopy experience.