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Py N, Pons S, Boye M, Martinez T, Ausset S, Martinaud C, Pasquier P. An observational study of the blood use in combat casualties of the French Armed Forces, 2013-2021. Transfusion 2023; 63:69-82. [PMID: 36433844 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The French Armed Forces conduct asymmetric warfare in the Sahara-Sahel Strip. Casualties are treated with damage control resuscitation to the extent possible. Questions remain about the feasibility and sustainability of using blood for wider use in austere environments. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all French military trauma patients transfused after injury in overseas military operations in Sahel-Saharan Strip, from the point of injury, until day 7, between January 11, 2013 to December 31, 2021. RESULTS Forty-five patients were transfused. Twenty-three (51%) of them required four red blood cells units (RBC) or more in the first 24H defining a severe hemorrhage. The median blood product consumption within the first 48 h, was 8 (IQR [3; 18]) units of blood products (BP) for all study population but up to 17 units (IQR [10; 27.5]) for the trauma patients with severe hemorrhage. Transfusion started at prehospital stage for 20 patients (45%) and included several blood products: French lyophilized plasma, RBCs, and whole blood. Patients with severe hemorrhage required a median of 2 [IQR 0; 34] further units of BP from day 3 to day 7 after injury. Eight patients died in theater, 4 with severe hemorrhage and these 4 used an average of 12 products at Role 1 and 2. CONCLUSION The transfusion needs were predominant in the first 48 h after the injury but also continued throughout the first week for the most severe trauma patients. Importantly, our study involved a low-intensity conflict, with a small number of injured combatants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Py
- Federation of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Unit, Burns and Operating Theater, Percy Military Training Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Sandrine Pons
- French Military Blood Institute, Saint Anne Military Training Hospital, Toulon, France
| | - Matthieu Boye
- Federation of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Unit, Burns and Operating Theater, Percy Military Training Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Thibault Martinez
- Federation of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Unit, Burns and Operating Theater, Percy Military Training Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Sylvain Ausset
- French Military Medical Schools, Lyon, France.,École du Val-de-Grâce, French Military Medical Service Academy, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Martinaud
- École du Val-de-Grâce, French Military Medical Service Academy, Paris, France.,French Military Blood Institute, Clamart, France
| | - Pierre Pasquier
- Federation of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Unit, Burns and Operating Theater, Percy Military Training Hospital, Clamart, France.,École du Val-de-Grâce, French Military Medical Service Academy, Paris, France.,Special Operation Forces Medical Headquarter, Villacoublay, France
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2
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Boye M, Py N, Libert N, Chrisment A, Pissot M, Dedome E, Martinaud C, Ausset S, Boutonnet M, De Rudnicki S, Pasquier P, Martinez T. Step by step transfusion timeline and its challenges in trauma: A retrospective study in a level one trauma center. Transfusion 2022; 62 Suppl 1:S30-S42. [PMID: 35781713 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic shock is the leading cause of preventable early death in trauma patients. Transfusion management is guided by international guidelines promoting early and aggressive transfusion strategies. This study aimed to describe transfusion timelines in a trauma center and to identify key points to performing early and efficient transfusions. METHODS This is a monocentric retrospective study of 108 severe trauma patients, transfused within the first 48 h and hospitalized in an intensive care unit between January 2017 and May 2019. RESULTS One hundred and eight patients were transfused with 1250 labile blood products. Half of these labile blood products were transfused within 3 h of admission and consumed by 26 patients requiring massive transfusion (≥4 red blood cells [RBC] within 1 h). Among these, the median delay from patient's admission to labile blood products prescription was -11 min (-34 to -1); from admission to delivery of labile blood products was 1 min (-20 to 16); and from admission to first transfusion was 20 min (7-37) for RBC, 26 min (13-38) for plasma, and 72 min (51-103) for platelet concentrates. The anticipated prescription of labile blood products and the use of massive transfusion packs and lyophilized plasma units were associated with earlier achievement of high transfusion ratios. CONCLUSION This study provides detailed data on the transfusion timelines and composition, from prescription to initial transfusion. Transfusion anticipation, use of preconditioned transfusion packs including platelets, and lyophilized plasma allow rapid and high-ratio transfusion practices in severe trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Boye
- Federation of anesthesiology, intensive care unit, burns and operating theater, Percy Military Training Hospital, Clamart, France.,École du Val-de-Grâce, French Military Medical Service Academy, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Py
- Federation of anesthesiology, intensive care unit, burns and operating theater, Percy Military Training Hospital, Clamart, France.,École du Val-de-Grâce, French Military Medical Service Academy, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Libert
- Federation of anesthesiology, intensive care unit, burns and operating theater, Percy Military Training Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Anne Chrisment
- Federation of anesthesiology, intensive care unit, burns and operating theater, Percy Military Training Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Mathieu Pissot
- Federation of anesthesiology, intensive care unit, burns and operating theater, Percy Military Training Hospital, Clamart, France
| | | | - Christophe Martinaud
- École du Val-de-Grâce, French Military Medical Service Academy, Paris, France.,FMBI, French Military Blood Institute, Clamart, France
| | - Sylvain Ausset
- École du Val-de-Grâce, French Military Medical Service Academy, Paris, France.,FMHSS, French Military Health Service Schools, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Boutonnet
- Federation of anesthesiology, intensive care unit, burns and operating theater, Percy Military Training Hospital, Clamart, France.,École du Val-de-Grâce, French Military Medical Service Academy, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane De Rudnicki
- Federation of anesthesiology, intensive care unit, burns and operating theater, Percy Military Training Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Pierre Pasquier
- Federation of anesthesiology, intensive care unit, burns and operating theater, Percy Military Training Hospital, Clamart, France.,École du Val-de-Grâce, French Military Medical Service Academy, Paris, France.,1ère Chefferie du Service de Santé, French Military Medical Service, Villacoublay, France
| | - Thibault Martinez
- Federation of anesthesiology, intensive care unit, burns and operating theater, Percy Military Training Hospital, Clamart, France
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3
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Cannon JW, Igra NM, Borge PD, Cap AP, Devine D, Doughty H, Geng Z, Guzman JF, Ness PM, Jenkins DH, Rajbhandary S, Schmulevich D, Stubbs JR, Wiebe DJ, Yazer MH, Spinella PC. U.S. cities will not meet blood product resuscitation standards during major mass casualty incidents: Results of a THOR-AABB working party prospective analysis. Transfusion 2022; 62 Suppl 1:S12-S21. [PMID: 35730720 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) create an immediate surge in blood product demand. We hypothesize local inventories in major U.S. cities would not meet this demand. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A simulated blast in a large crowd estimated casualty numbers. Ideal resuscitation was defined as equal amounts of red blood cells (RBCs), plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. Inventory was prospectively collected from six major U.S. cities at six time points between January and July 2019. City-wide blood inventories were classified as READY (>1 U/injured survivor), DEFICIENT (<10 U/severely injured survivor), or RISK (between READY and DEFICIENT), before and after resupply from local distribution centers (DC), and features of DEFICIENT cities were identified. RESULTS The simulated blast resulted in 2218 injured survivors including 95 with severe injuries. Balanced resuscitation would require between 950 and 2218 units each RBC, plasma, platelets and cryoprecipitate. Inventories in 88 hospitals/health systems and 10 DCs were assessed. Of 36 city-wide surveys, RISK inventories included RBCs (n = 16; 44%), plasma (n = 24; 67%), platelets (n = 6; 17%), and cryoprecipitate (n = 22; 61%) while DEFICIENT inventories included platelets (n = 30; 83%) and cryoprecipitate (n = 12; 33%). Resupply shifted most RBC and plasma inventories to READY, but some platelet and cryoprecipitate inventories remained at RISK (n = 24; 67% and n = 12; 33%, respectively) or even DEFICIENT (n = 11; 31% and n = 6; 17%, respectively). Cities with DEFICIENT inventories were smaller (p <.001) with fewer blood products per trauma bed (p <.001). DISCUSSION In this simulated blast event, blood product demand exceeded local supply in some major U.S. cities. Options for closing this gap should be explored to optimize resuscitation during MCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Cannon
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care & Emergency Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Noah M Igra
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care & Emergency Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Sackler School of Medicine at Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - P Dayand Borge
- Biomedical Services, American Red Cross, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew P Cap
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio-FT Sam, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dana Devine
- Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heidi Doughty
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zhi Geng
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care & Emergency Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica F Guzman
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Paul M Ness
- Department of Pathology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Donald H Jenkins
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Daniela Schmulevich
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care & Emergency Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Douglas J Wiebe
- Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Penn Injury Science Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark H Yazer
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Philip C Spinella
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Py N, Martinez T, Pasquier P. Transfusion Requirement During Mass Casualty Events: Improving Preparedness Through Simulation and Real-Life Experience. Shock 2022; 57:316. [PMID: 34014889 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thibault Martinez
- Federation of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Unit, Burns and Operating Theater, Percy Military Training Hospital, Clamart, France
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Labarthe A, Mennecart T, Imfeld C, Lély P, Ausset S. Pre-hospital transfusion of post-traumatic hemorrhage: Medical and regulatory aspects. Transfus Clin Biol 2021; 28:391-396. [PMID: 34464713 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2021.08.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Data of good methodological quality have recently become available to support prehospital use of transfusion in the severe trauma setting. Consistent with recent guidelines for the implementation of damage control resuscitation in the hospital in this setting and in the wake of numerous cohort study data from wartime medicine, they are now guided by recent guidelines for the use of freeze-dried plasma. The main difficulties to overcome in order to implement a practice are of a regulatory and logistic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Labarthe
- French Military medical school, 331, avenue du Général-de-Gaulle, Bron, France
| | - T Mennecart
- French Military medical school, 331, avenue du Général-de-Gaulle, Bron, France
| | - C Imfeld
- French Military medical school, 331, avenue du Général-de-Gaulle, Bron, France
| | - P Lély
- French Military medical school, 331, avenue du Général-de-Gaulle, Bron, France
| | - S Ausset
- French Military medical school, 331, avenue du Général-de-Gaulle, Bron, France.
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6
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Descamps C, Hamada S, Hanouz JL, Vardon-Bounes F, James A, Garrigue D, Abback P, Cardinale M, Dubreuil G, Chatelon J, Cook F, Neuschwander A, de Garambé N, Ausset S, Boutonnet M. Gunshot and stab wounds in France: descriptive study from a national trauma registry. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2021; 48:3821-3829. [PMID: 34232339 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-021-01742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Severe trauma is a major problem worldwide. In France, blunt trauma (BT) is predominant and few studies are available on penetrating trauma (PT). The purpose of this study was to perform a descriptive analysis of severe gunshot (GSW) and stab wounds (SW) in patients who were treated in French trauma centers. METHODS Retrospective study on prospectively collected data in a national trauma registry. All adult (> 15 years) trauma patients primarily admitted in 1 of the 17 trauma centers members of the Traumabase between January 2015 to December 2018 were included. Data from patients who had a PT were compared with those who had suffered a BT over the same period. Due to the known differences between GSW and SW, sub-group analyses on data from GSW, SW and BT were also performed. RESULTS 8128 patients were included. Twelve percent of the study group had a PT. The main mechanism of PT was SW (68.1%). Five hundred and eighty patients with PT (59.4%) required surgery within the first 24 h. Severe hemorrhage was more frequent in penetrating traumas (11.2% vs. 7.8% p < 0.001). Hospital mortality following PT was 8.9% vs 11% for blunt trauma (p = 0.047). Among PT the mortality after GSW was ten times higher than after SW (23.8% vs 2%). CONCLUSION This work is the largest study to date that has specifically focused on GSW and SW in France, and will help improving knowledge in managing such patients in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Descamps
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Sophie Hamada
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 25, rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.,CESP, INSERM, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Maison de Solenn, 97, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Hanouz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Fanny Vardon-Bounes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Arthur James
- Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Université, Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Anesthésie Réanimation, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Garrigue
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Paer Abback
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, DMU PARABOL, AP-HP.Nord, Beaujon Hospital, University of Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Mickaël Cardinale
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France
| | - Guillaume Dubreuil
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, AP-HP, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Chatelon
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit. Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Cook
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Henri Mondor University Hospital of Paris, Paris-Est Créteil University, 51, Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Arthur Neuschwander
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 25, rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie de Garambé
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Sylvain Ausset
- French Military Health Service Schools, Lyon-Bron, France
| | - Mathieu Boutonnet
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart, France. .,Val-de-Grâce Military Health Academy, Paris, France.
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7
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Corcostegui SP, David M, Galant J, Martinaud C, Travers S, Boutillier du Retail C. Prehospital blood transfusion: Advances and interests in tactical medicine. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2021; 40:100911. [PMID: 34174457 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2021.100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathieu David
- Cinquième Antenne médicale spécialisée, Camp de Souge, 33727 Martignas sur Jalle, France
| | - Julien Galant
- Première Antenne médicale spécialisée, 34, Rue de la Martinière, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Christophe Martinaud
- Centre de transfusion sanguine des Armées, 1, Rue du Lieutenant Batany, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Stéphane Travers
- Première Chefferie du service de santé - Forces spéciales, Base Aérienne, 107, Route de Gisy, 78140 Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
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Boutonnet M, Benbrika W, Facione J, Travers S, Boddaert G, Colas MD, Hornez E, Mathieu L, de Régloix S, Daban JL, Leclerc T, Pasquier P, Ausset S. Traum'cast: an online, open-access educational video podcast series for teaching military trauma care to all healthcare providers. BMJ SIMULATION & TECHNOLOGY ENHANCED LEARNING 2021; 7:438-440. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjstel-2020-000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to describe the development of ‘Traum’cast’, an ambitious project to create a high-quality, open-access, 12-week video podcast programme providing evidence-based continuing medical education for civilian and military healthcare practitioners dedicated to the management of trauma caused by weapons of war. The management of such patients became a particular public health issue in France following the 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris, which highlighted the need for all healthcare professionals to have appropriate knowledge and training in such situations. In 2016, the French Health General Direction asked the French Military Medical Service (FMMS) to create a task force and to use its unique and considerable experience to produce high-quality educational material on key themes including war injuries, combat casualty care, triage, damage control surgery, transfusion strategies, psychological injury and rehabilitation. The material was produced by FMMS and first broadcast in French and for free, on the official FMMS YouTube channel in September 2020. Traum’cast provides evidence-based continuing medical education for civilian and military healthcare practitioners. Traum’cast is an educational innovation that meets a public health requirement.
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