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Munley JA, Kelly LS, Mohr AM. Adrenergic Modulation of Erythropoiesis After Trauma. Front Physiol 2022; 13:859103. [PMID: 35514362 PMCID: PMC9063634 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.859103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe traumatic injury results in a cascade of systemic changes which negatively affect normal erythropoiesis. Immediately after injury, acute blood loss leads to anemia, however, patients can remain anemic for as long as 6 months after injury. Research on the underlying mechanisms of such alterations of erythropoiesis after trauma has focused on the prolonged hypercatecholaminemia seen after trauma. Supraphysiologic elevation of catecholamines leads to an inhibitive effect on erythropoiesis. There is evidence to show that alleviation of the neuroendocrine stress response following trauma reduces these inhibitory effects. Both beta blockade and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor stimulation have demonstrated increased growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells as well as increased pro-erythropoietic cytokines after trauma. This review will describe prior research on the neuroendocrine stress response after trauma and its consequences on erythropoiesis, which offer insight into underlying mechanisms of prolonged anemia postinjury. We will then discuss the beneficial effects of adrenergic modulation to improve erythropoiesis following injury and propose future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Munley
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lauren S Kelly
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Gavriel Y, Rabinovich-Nikitin I, Ezra A, Barbiro B, Solomon B. Subcutaneous Administration of AMD3100 into Mice Models of Alzheimer's Disease Ameliorated Cognitive Impairment, Reduced Neuroinflammation, and Improved Pathophysiological Markers. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 78:653-671. [PMID: 33016905 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), the prevalent dementia in the elderly, involves many related and interdependent pathologies that manifest simultaneously, leading to cognitive impairment and death. Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain triggers the onset of AD, accompanied by neuroinflammatory response and pathological changes. The CXCR4/CXCL12 (SDF1) axis is one of the major signal transduction cascades involved in the inflammation process and regulation of homing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) within the bone marrow niche. Inhibition of the axis with AMD3100, a reversible antagonist of CXCR4 mobilizes endogenous HSCs from the bone marrow into the periphery, facilitating the recruitment of bone marrow-derived microglia-like cells into the brain, attenuates the neuroinflammation process that involves release of excitotoxic markers such as TNFα, intracellular Ca2 +, and glutamate and upregulates monocarboxylate transporter 1, the major L-lactate transporter in the brain. OBJECTIVE Herein, we investigate if administration of a combination of AMD3100 and L-lactate may have beneficial effects in the treatment of AD. METHODS We tested the feasibility of the combined treatment for short- and long-term efficacy for inducing endogenous stem cells' mobilization and attenuation of neuroinflammation in two distinct amyloid-β-induced AD mouse models. RESULTS The combined treatment did not demonstrate any adverse effects on the mice, and resulted in a significant improvement in cognitive/memory functions, attenuated neuroinflammation, and alleviated AD pathologies compared to each treatment alone. CONCLUSION This study showed AMD3100's beneficial effect in ameliorating AD pathogenesis, suggesting an alternative to the multistep procedures of transplantation of stem cells in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Gavriel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inna Rabinovich-Nikitin
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Assaf Ezra
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Becki Barbiro
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Beka Solomon
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Gao W, Yang X, Du J, Wang H, Zhong H, Jiang J, Yang C. Glucocorticoid guides mobilization of bone marrow stem/progenitor cells via FPR and CXCR4 coupling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:16. [PMID: 33413641 PMCID: PMC7791823 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies have proved the efficient exogenous repairing responses via bone marrow stem and progenitor cells (BMSPCs). However, the trafficking of endogenous bone marrow stem and progenitor cells to and from the bone marrow (BM) is a highly regulated process that remains to be elucidated. We aimed to study the relative importance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the glucocorticoid-induced BMSPC mobilization. Methods The circulating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were examined in Crh (+/+, −/−) mice after running stress or glucocorticoid mini-infusion. The MSCs and EPCs were investigated ex vivo after treatment with glucocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, RU486. The expression of chemotaxis receptors, N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR), and Cys-X-Cys receptor 4 (CXCR4) of MSCs and EPCs as well as their colocalization were investigated after treatment with glucocorticoid, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist (RU486), and FPR antagonist (Cyclosporin H). Results Forced running stress increased circulating MSCs and EPCs in mice, which was blunted when Crh was knocked out, and positively related to the levels of serum glucocorticoid. Prolonged glucocorticoid mini-infusion imitated the stress-induced increase in circulating MSCs and EPCs in Crh+/+ mice and rescued the impaired mobilization in circulating MSCs and EPCs in Crh−/− mice. Meanwhile, glucocorticoid promoted the chemotaxis of MSCs and EPCs ex vivo via GR, inhibited by RU486 (10 μM). Concurrently, glucocorticoid increased the expression of FPR of MSCs and EPCs, but inhibited their expression of CXCR4, followed by their changing colocalization in the cytoplasm. The GC-induced colocalization of FPR and CXCR4 was blunted by Cyclosporin H (1 μM). Conclusion Glucocorticoid-induced CXCR4-FPR responsiveness selectively guides the mobilization of BMSPCs, which is essential to functional tissue repair. Graphical abstract Schematic view of the role of glucocorticoid on the mobilization of bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cells subsets in the present study. The HPA axis activation promotes the release of glucocorticoid, which regulates the directional migration of MSCs and EPCs mainly via GR. The possible mechanisms refer to the signal coupling of FPR and CXCR4. Their two-sided changes regulated by glucocorticoid are involved in the egress of MSCs and EPCs from BM, which is helpful for wound healing. MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; EPCs, endothelial progenitor cells.
![]() Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-020-02071-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014000, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuetao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.,Chinese PLA 952th Hospital, Geermu, 816000, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Hejiang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ce Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
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Mediators of Prolonged Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Mobilization After Severe Trauma. J Surg Res 2020; 260:315-324. [PMID: 33373851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the molecular mediators of prolonged hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization a trauma and chronic stress and the role of propranolol in modifying this response. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to lung contusion (LC), LC plus hemorrhagic shock (LCHS), or LCHS with daily restraint stress (LCHS/CS). Propranolol was administered daily. Bone marrow (BM) and lung expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), neutrophil elastase, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/CXR4, and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1)/very late antigen-4 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Bone marrow HMGB1, G-CSF, and neutrophil elastase expression were significantly elevated two- to four-fold after LCHS/CS, and all were decreased with the use of propranolol. SDF-1 and VCAM-1 were both significantly decreased after LCHS/CS. CONCLUSIONS The increased expression of HMGB1 and G-CSF and decreased expression of BM anchoring molecules, SDF-1 and VCAM-1, after LCHS/CS, likely mediates prolonged hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization. Propranolol's ability to reduce HMGB1, G-CSF, and neutrophil elastase expression suggests that the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells was driven by persistent hypercatecholaminemia.
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Peng Y, Wu Q, Tang H, Chen J, Wu Q, Yuan X, Xiong S, Ye Y, Lv H. NLRP3 Regulated CXCL12 Expression in Acute Neutrophilic Lung Injury. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:377-386. [PMID: 32801831 PMCID: PMC7399452 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s259633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Both NLRP3 inflammasome and chemokines are involved in the initiation and development of acute lung inflammation, but the underlying mechanism is still elusive. The present study investigated the role of chemokines and NLRP3 in recruiting neutrophils in the early phase of acute lung injury. Methods In an endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS])-induced acute lung injury model, we measured the lung injury severity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and chemokine profiles in wild-type (WT) and NLRP3 knockout (NLRP3–/–) mice, and then identified the key chemokines by specific antibody blockage. Results The results showed that NLRP3 deficiency was associated with alleviating lung damage, by reducing alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis and decreasing neutrophil accumulation. Furthermore, compared with WT mice, IL-1β, CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL5 and CXCL12 levels from the serum of NLRP3–/– mice were much lower after exposure to LPS. However, in lung tissue, only lower CXCL12 levels were observed from the NLRP3–/– ALI mice, and higher levels of CXCR4 were expressed in NLRP3–/– neutrophils. Blockage of CXCL12 dramatically relieved the severity of ALI and reduced neutrophil accumulation in the lung. Conclusion NLRP3 alters CXCL12 expression in acute lung injury. CXCL12 is crucial for neutrophil recruitment in NLRP3-mediated neutrophilic lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Peng
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongli Wu
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingrou Chen
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Qili Wu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Yuan
- The General Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiu Xiong
- Cell Biology Group, National Measurement Lab, LGC Fordham, Cambridgeshire CB7 5WW, UK
| | - Yujin Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijin Lv
- The Surgical and Transplant Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations among inflammatory cytokines, erythropoietin (EPO), and anemia in critically ill septic patients remain unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that elevated inflammatory cytokines and decreased EPO would be associated with iron-restricted anemia while accounting for operative blood loss, phlebotomy blood loss, and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion volume. METHODS Prospective observational cohort study of 42 critically ill septic patients was conducted. Hemoglobin (Hb) at sepsis onset and hospital discharge were used to calculate ΔHb. Operative blood loss, phlebotomy blood loss, and RBC transfusion volume were used to calculate adjusted ΔHb (AdjΔHb) assuming that 300 mL RBC is equal to 1 g/dL Hb. Patients with AdjΔHb of greater than 0 (positive AdjΔHb, n = 18) were compared with patients with AdjΔHb of less than or equal to 0 (negative AdjΔHb, n = 24). RESULTS Plasma tumor necrosis factor α, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, EPO, erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume, and serum transferrin receptor were measured on days 0, 1, 4, 7, and 14. Patients with negative AdjΔHb had significantly higher day 14 levels of IL-6 (37.4 vs. 15.2 pg/mL, p < 0.05), IL-8 (39.1 vs. 18.2 pg/mL, p = 0.01), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (101.3 vs. 60.5 pg/mL, p = 0.01), but not EPO. On linear regression analysis, lower AdjΔHb was associated with higher day 14 levels of IL-6 (r = 0.22, p < 0.01), IL-8 (r = 0.10, p = 0.04), stromal cell-derived factor 1 (r = 0.14, p = 0.02), and tumor necrosis factor α (r = 0.13, p = 0.02), but not EPO. Patients with negative AdjΔHb had significantly lower mean corpuscular volume on days 4 (89.6 vs. 93.2 fL/cell, p = 0.04), 7 (92.3 vs. 94.9 fL/cell, p = 0.04), and 14 (92.1 vs. 96.0 fL/cell, p = 0.03) but similar serum transferrin receptor levels. CONCLUSION Persistent elevation of inflammatory cytokines was associated with iron-restricted anemia among critically ill septic patients, occurring in the absence of systemic iron deficiency, independent of endogenous EPO. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic study, level II.
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Loftus TJ, Mira JC, Miller ES, Kannan KB, Plazas JM, Delitto D, Stortz JA, Hagen JE, Parvataneni HK, Sadasivan KK, Brakenridge SC, Moore FA, Moldawer LL, Efron PA, Mohr AM. The Postinjury Inflammatory State and the Bone Marrow Response to Anemia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:629-638. [PMID: 29768025 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201712-2536oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The pathophysiology of persistent injury-associated anemia is incompletely understood, and human data are sparse. OBJECTIVES To characterize persistent injury-associated anemia among critically ill trauma patients with the hypothesis that severe trauma would be associated with neuroendocrine activation, erythropoietin dysfunction, iron dysregulation, and decreased erythropoiesis. METHODS A translational prospective observational cohort study comparing severely injured, blunt trauma patients who had operative fixation of a hip or femur fracture (n = 17) with elective hip repair patients (n = 22). Bone marrow and plasma obtained at the index operation were assessed for circulating catecholamines, systemic inflammation, erythropoietin, iron trafficking pathways, and erythroid progenitor growth. Bone marrow was also obtained from healthy donors from a commercial source (n = 8). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS During admission, trauma patients had a median of 625 ml operative blood loss and 5 units of red blood cell transfusions, and Hb decreased from 10.5 to 9.3 g/dl. Compared with hip repair, trauma patients had higher median plasma norepinephrine (21.9 vs. 8.9 ng/ml) and hepcidin (56.3 vs. 12.2 ng/ml) concentrations (both P < 0.05). Bone marrow erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor expression were significantly increased among patients undergoing hip repair (23% and 14% increases, respectively; both P < 0.05), but not in trauma patients (3% and 5% increases, respectively), compared with healthy control subjects. Trauma patients had lower bone marrow transferrin receptor expression than did hip repair patients (57% decrease; P < 0.05). Erythroid progenitor growth was decreased in trauma patients (39.0 colonies per plate; P < 0.05) compared with those with hip repair (57.0 colonies per plate; P < 0.05 compared with healthy control subjects) and healthy control subjects (66.5 colonies per plate). CONCLUSIONS Severe blunt trauma was associated with neuroendocrine activation, erythropoietin dysfunction, iron dysregulation, erythroid progenitor growth suppression, and persistent injury-associated anemia. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 02577731).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Loftus
- 1 Department of Surgery.,2 Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, and
| | - Juan C Mira
- 1 Department of Surgery.,2 Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, and
| | - Elizabeth S Miller
- 1 Department of Surgery.,2 Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, and
| | | | - Jessica M Plazas
- 3 College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Julie A Stortz
- 1 Department of Surgery.,2 Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, and
| | - Jennifer E Hagen
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Hari K Parvataneni
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Kalia K Sadasivan
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | | | - Frederick A Moore
- 1 Department of Surgery.,2 Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, and
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- 1 Department of Surgery.,2 Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, and
| | - Philip A Efron
- 1 Department of Surgery.,2 Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, and
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- 1 Department of Surgery.,2 Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, and
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Endogenously mobilized stem and progenitor cells (SPCs) or exogenously provided SPCs are thought to be beneficial for trauma therapy. However, still little is known about the synchronized dynamics of the number of SPCs in blood after severe injury and parameters like cytokine profiles that correlate with these numbers. We determined the number of hematopoietic stem cells, common myeloid progenitors, granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in peripheral blood (PB) 0 to 3, 8, 24, 48, and 120 h after polytrauma in individual patients (injury severity score ≥ 21). We found that the number of blood SPCs follows on average a synchronous, inverse bell-shaped distribution, with an increase at 0 to 3 h, followed by a strong decrease, with a nadir in SPC numbers in blood at 24 or 48 h. The change in numbers of SPCs in PB between 48 h and 120 h revealed two distinct patterns: Pattern 1 is characterized by an increase in the number of SPCs to a level higher than normal, pattern 2 is characterized by an almost absent increase in the number of SPCs compared to the nadir. Changes in the concentrations of the cytokines CK, MDC, IL-8, G-CSF Gro-α, VEGF, and MCP-1 correlated with changes in the number of SPCs in PB or were closely associated with Pattern 1 or Pattern 2. Our data provide novel rationale for investigations on the role of stem cell mobilization in polytraumatized patients and its likely positive impact on trauma outcome.
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Interleukin 6 Plays a Role in the Migration of Magnetically Levitated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Spheroids. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reside quiescently within a specialised ‘niche’ environment in the bone marrow. However, following appropriate signalling cues, MSCs mobilise and migrate out from the niche, typically toward either sites of injury (a regenerative response) or toward primary tumours (an intrinsic homing response, which promotes MSCs as cellular vectors for therapeutic delivery). To date, very little is known about MSC mobilisation. By adopting a 3D MSC niche model, whereby MSC spheroids are cultured within a type I collagen gel, recent studies have highlighted interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a key cytokine involved in MSC migration. Herein, the ability of IL-6 to induce MSC migration was further investigated, and the key matrix metalloproteinases used to effect cell mobilisation were identified. Briefly, the impact of IL-6 on the MSC migration in a two-dimensional model systems was characterised—both visually using an Ibidi chemotaxis plate array (assessing for directional migration) and then via a standard 2D monolayer experiment, where cultured cells were challenged with IL-6 and extracted media tested using an Abcam Human MMP membrane antibody array. The 2D assay displayed a strong migratory response toward IL-6 and analysis of the membrane arrays data showed significant increases of several key MMPs. Both data sets indicated that IL-6 is important in MSC mobilisation and migration. We also investigated the impact of IL-6 induction on MSCs in 3D spheroid culture, serving as a simplistic model of the bone marrow niche, characterised by fluorescently tagged magnetic nanoparticles and identical membrane antibody arrays. An increase in MMP levels secreted by cells treated with 1 ng/mL IL-6 versus control conditions was noted in addition to migration of cells away from the central spheroid mass.
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Loftus TJ, Kannan KB, Carter CS, Plazas JM, Mira JC, Brakenridge SC, Leeuwenburgh C, Efron PA, Mohr AM. Persistent injury-associated anemia and aging: Novel insights. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018; 84:490-496. [PMID: 29466280 PMCID: PMC5824439 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercatecholaminemia and bone marrow dysfunction have been implicated in the pathophysiology of persistent injury-associated anemia. The elderly may be more vulnerable to bone marrow dysfunction due to high basal and peak catecholamine levels and impaired hematopoietic progenitor growth. We hypothesized that aging would adversely affect persistent injury-associated anemia. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 to 9 weeks and F344-BN rats aged 25 months were randomized to naive controls, lung contusion plus hemorrhagic shock (LCHS), and LCHS plus daily chronic restraint stress (LCHS/CS). Urine norepinephrine was measured on Days 1 and 7. Mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), bone marrow colony-forming units-erythroid growth, and peripheral blood hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and red cell distribution width (RDW) were assessed on Day 7 (*p < 0.05 young vs. aged counterpart by one-way analysis of variance). RESULTS Aged rats had higher norepinephrine levels at naive baseline (97* vs. 27 ng/mL) and 7 days following LCHS/CS when compared with young (359* vs. 127 ng/mL). Following LCHS/CS, HPC mobilization was greater among young rats when compared with aged (5.4 vs. 2.5%). Colony-forming units-erythroid growth was lower among aged animals for each group (naive: 47* vs. 65; LCHS: 40* vs. 50; LCHS/CS: 38* vs. 44 cells/plate). Aged naive rats had higher initial hemoglobin (15.2* vs. 14.3 g/dL) but lower MCV (48* vs. 59 fL/cell) and larger RDW at baseline and greater differences 7 days after LCHS/CS (MCV: 46* vs. 60 fL/cell; RDW: 17.4* vs. 16.3%). CONCLUSIONS Compared with young rats, aged rats had less HPC mobilization despite elevated basal and peak norepinephrine. Aged rats were disproportionately affected by impaired hematopoietic progenitor growth and an iron-restricted red blood cell phenotype at baseline, which persisted 7 days after injury. Further research is needed to assess how the clinical approach to persistent injury-associated anemia should differ for elderly trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Loftus
- University of Florida Health, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kolenkode B. Kannan
- University of Florida Health, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christy S. Carter
- University of Florida Health, Institute on Aging, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jessica M. Plazas
- University of Florida, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Juan C. Mira
- University of Florida Health, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Scott C. Brakenridge
- University of Florida Health, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- University of Florida Health, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, Florida
- University of Florida Health, Institute on Aging, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Philip A. Efron
- University of Florida Health, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alicia M. Mohr
- University of Florida Health, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, Florida
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Narayanan G, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Regenerative Engineering of the Rotator Cuff of the Shoulder. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:751-786. [PMID: 33418763 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rotator cuff tears often heal poorly, leading to re-tears after repair. This is in part attributed to the low proliferative ability of the resident cells (tendon fibroblasts and tendon-stem cells) upon injury to the rotator cuff tissue and the low vascularity of the tendon insertion. In addition, surgical outcomes of current techniques used in clinical settings are often suboptimal, leading to the formation of neo-tissue with poor biomechanics and structural characteristics, which results in re-tears. This has prompted interest in a new approach, which we term as "Regenerative Engineering", for regenerating rotator cuff tendons. In the Regenerative Engineering paradigm, roles played by stem cells, scaffolds, growth factors/small molecules, the use of local physical forces, and morphogenesis interplayed with clinical surgery techniques may synchronously act, leading to synergistic effects and resulting in successful tissue regeneration. In this regard, various cell sources such as tendon fibroblasts and adult tissue-derived stem cells have been isolated, characterized, and investigated for regenerating rotator cuff tendons. Likewise, numerous scaffolds with varying architecture, geometry, and mechanical characteristics of biologic and synthetic origin have been developed. Furthermore, these scaffolds have been also fabricated with biochemical cues (growth factors and small molecules), facilitating tissue regeneration. In this Review, various strategies to regenerate rotator cuff tendons using stem cells, advanced materials, and factors in the setting of physical forces under the Regenerative Engineering paradigm are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Narayanan
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Lakshmi S Nair
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
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12
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Yang Z, He C, He J, Chu J, Liu H, Deng X. Curcumin-mediated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheets create a favorable immune microenvironment for adult full-thickness cutaneous wound healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:21. [PMID: 29386050 PMCID: PMC5793416 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adult full-thickness cutaneous wound repair suffers from an imbalanced immune response, leading to nonfunctional reconstructed tissue and fibrosis. Although various treatments have been reported, the immune-mediated tissue regeneration driven by biomaterial offers an attractive regenerative strategy for damaged tissue repair. Methods In this research, we investigated a specific bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) sheet that was induced by the Traditional Chinese Medicine curcumin (CS-C) and its immunomodulatory effects on wound repair. Comparisons were made with the BMSC sheet induced without curcumin (CS-N) and control (saline). Results In vitro cultured BMSC sheets (CS-C) showed that curcumin promoted the proliferation of BMSCs and modified the features of produced extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by BMSCs, especially the contents of ECM structural proteins such as fibronectin (FN) and collagen I and III, as well as the ratio of collagen III/I. Two-photon fluorescence (TPF) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of mouse implantation revealed superior engraftment of BMSCs, maintained for 35 days in the CS-C group. Most importantly, CS-C created a favorable immune microenvironment. The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) was abundantly produced by CS-C, thus facilitating a mass migration of leukocytes from which significantly increased expression of signature TH1 cells (interferon gamma) and M1 macrophages (tumor necrosis factor alpha) genes were confirmed at 7 days post-operation. The number of TH1 cells and associated pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages subsequently decreased sharply after 14 days post-operation, suggesting a rapid type I immune regression. Furthermore, the CS-C group showed an increased trend towards M2 macrophage polarization in the early phase. CS-C led to an epidermal thickness and collagen deposition that was closer to that of normal skin. Conclusions Curcumin has a good regulatory effect on BMSCs and this promising CS-C biomaterial creates a pro-regenerative immune microenvironment for cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, No. 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chengmin He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, No. 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinyang He
- Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, No. 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Hanping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, No. 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, No. 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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13
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Loftus TJ, Kannan KB, Carter CS, Plazas JM, Mira JC, Brakenridge SC, Leeuwenburgh C, Efron PA, Mohr AM. Persistent injury-associated anemia in aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2018; 103:63-68. [PMID: 29307734 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercatecholaminemia and bone marrow dysfunction have been implicated in the pathophysiology of persistent-injury associated anemia. The elderly may be vulnerable to this phenomenon due to high basal and peak catecholamine levels, impaired erythroid progenitor growth, and baseline anemia. We hypothesized that aged F344-BN rats subjected to severe trauma and chronic stress would have persistent injury-associated anemia. METHODS Male F344-BN rats age 25months were randomly allocated to: naïve (n=8), lung contusion (LC, n=9), LC followed by daily chronic restraint stress (LC/CS, n=9), LC followed immediately by hemorrhagic shock (LCHS, n=8), and LCHS followed by daily CS (LCHS/CS, n=8). Urine norepinephrine was measured on days one and seven. Locomotor testing was performed on day five. Bone marrow cellularity, hematopoietic progenitor growth, and peripheral blood hemoglobin levels were assessed at sacrifice on day seven. Data are presented as mean±standard deviation, *p<0.05 vs. naïve. RESULTS Norepinephrine levels (ng/mL) were significantly elevated one day after LCHS (420±239* vs. naïve: 97±71) and LCHS/CS (375±185*), and remained significantly elevated on day seven for LCHS/CS (359±99*), but not LCHS (212±130). On locomotor testing, groups subjected to CS traveled shorter distances at lower velocities and spent less time in the center of the cage. Colony forming units-erythroid (colonies/plate), representing late erythroid progenitors, were significantly decreased after LC/CS (40±1* vs. naïve: 47±4), LCHS (40±1*), and LCHS/CS (38±3*). LCHS/CS animals had significantly lower hemoglobin (g/dL) than naïve animals (13.3±1.3* vs. naïve: 15.2±0.9). CONCLUSIONS Persistent injury-associated anemia occurs in aged rats. Further research is needed to determine whether the pathophysiology of this phenomenon differs from that of younger rats, and to translate these findings to elderly trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Loftus
- University of Florida Health, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Kolenkode B Kannan
- University of Florida Health, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Christy S Carter
- University of Florida Health, Institute on Aging, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | | | - Juan C Mira
- University of Florida Health, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Scott C Brakenridge
- University of Florida Health, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- University of Florida Health, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, FL, United States; University of Florida Health, Institute on Aging, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Philip A Efron
- University of Florida Health, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- University of Florida Health, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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14
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Amann EM, Rojewski MT, Rodi S, Fürst D, Fiedler J, Palmer A, Braumüller S, Huber-Lang M, Schrezenmeier H, Brenner RE. Systemic recovery and therapeutic effects of transplanted allogenic and xenogenic mesenchymal stromal cells in a rat blunt chest trauma model. Cytotherapy 2017; 20:218-231. [PMID: 29223534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective therapy of Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is still a major scientific and clinical problem. To define novel therapeutic strategies for sequelae of blunt chest trauma (TxT) like ALI/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, we have investigated the immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of a single dose of ex vivo expanded human or rat mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs/rMSCs) with or without priming, immediately after the induction of TxT in Wistar rats. METHODS We analyzed the histological score of lung injury, the cell count of the broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BAL), the change in local and systemic cytokine level and the recovery of the administered cells 24 h and 5 days post trauma. RESULTS The treatment with hMSCs reduced the injury score 24 h after trauma by at least 50% compared with TxT rats without MSCs. In general, TxT rats treated with hMSCs exhibited a lower level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1B, IL-6) and chemokines (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 [CXCL1], C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 [CCL2]), but a higher tumor necrosis factor alpha induced protein 6 (TNFAIP6) level in the BAL compared with TxT rats after 24 h. Five days after trauma, cytokine levels and the distribution of inflammatory cells were similar to sham rats. In contrast, the treatment with rMSCs did not reveal such therapeutic effects on the injury score and cytokine levels, except for TNFAIP6 level. CONCLUSION TxT represents a suitable model to study effects of MSCs as an acute treatment strategy after trauma. However, the source of MSCs has to be carefully considered in the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maria Amann
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Thomas Rojewski
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sinja Rodi
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Fürst
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörg Fiedler
- Orthopedic Department, Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Palmer
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sonja Braumüller
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Rolf Erwin Brenner
- Orthopedic Department, Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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15
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Zhang S, Jiang W, Ma L, Liu Y, Zhang X, Wang S. Nrf2 transfection enhances the efficacy of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells to repair lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1627-1636. [PMID: 28905450 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are clinical emergencies with no effective pharmaceutical treatment. This study aims to determine the protective effects of Nrf2-transfected human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in mice. hAMSCs stably transfected with Nrf2 or green fluorescent protein control were transplanted into male C57BL/6 mice via the tail vein 4 h after intratracheal instillation of LPS. At 3, 7, and 14 days after cell transplantation, total lung injury score (the Smith score) was determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Lung fibrosis was assessed by Masson's trichrome staining. Alveolar epithelial apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. The plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The homing and differentiation of hAMSCs into type II alveolar epithelial (AT II) cells were examined by immunofluorescent staining and/or western blot analysis. Nrf2, mRNA, and protein expression in lungs were examined by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis, and DNA-binding activity of Nrf2 was detected by ELISA. We found that, compared with control hAMSCs, treatment with Nrf2-overexpressing hAMSCs led to further reduced lung injury, lung fibrosis, and inflammation in LPS-challenged mice. Nrf2-overexpressing hAMSCs also exhibited increased cell retention in the lung, more efficient differentiation into AT II cells, and more prominent effects on the increased mRNA and protein expression as well as DNA-binding activity of Nrf2 than control. These results support Nrf2-overexpressing hAMSCs as a potential cell-based therapy for clinical ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouqin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Shaito A, Saliba J, Husari A, El-Harakeh M, Chhouri H, Hashem Y, Shihadeh A, El-Sabban M. Electronic Cigarette Smoke Impairs Normal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14281. [PMID: 29079789 PMCID: PMC5660168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are promoted as low-risk alternatives to combustible cigarettes. However, the effects of chronic inhalation of potential toxicants emitted by ecigarettes remain largely unexamined. It is conceivable that smoking-induced chronic diseases result in cellular injury, in the absence of effective repair by stem cells. This study evaluates the effect of cigarette and e-cigarette aerosol extracts on the survival and differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSC growth and osteogenic differentiation were examined after exposure to smoke extracts. Data revealed detrimental effects of both cigarette and e-cigarette extracts on MSC morphology and growth. Levels and activity of alkaline phosphatase, an osteogenic marker, decreased and induction of osteoblastic differentiation was impaired. Both smoke extracts prevented osteogenic differentiation from progressing, evident by decreased expression of terminal osteogenic markers and mineralization. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected in cells exposed to smoke extracts. Moreover, decreased differentiation potential was concomitant with severe down-regulation of Connexin 43 expression, leading to the loss of gap junction-mediated communication, which together with elevated ROS levels, could explain decreased proliferation and loss of differentiation potential. Hence, e-cigarettes present similar risk as combustible cigarettes with respect to tissue repair impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shaito
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - J Saliba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A Husari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M El-Harakeh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - H Chhouri
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Y Hashem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A Shihadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M El-Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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17
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Maerz T, Fleischer M, Newton MD, Davidson A, Salisbury M, Altman P, Kurdziel MD, Anderson K, Bedi A, Baker KC. Acute mobilization and migration of bone marrow-derived stem cells following anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1335-1344. [PMID: 28284998 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known regarding acute local and systemic processes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. No study has elucidated whether bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are mobilized into circulation and recruited to the injured joint. METHODS In Part 1, Lewis rats were randomized to noninvasive ACL rupture (Rupture) or non-injured (Control) (n = 6/group). After 72 h, whole blood MSC concentration was assessed using flow cytometry. Synovial fluid and serum were assayed for stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α and cartilage degeneration biomarkers, respectively. In Part 2, 12 additional rats were randomized and intravenously-injected with fluorescently-labeled allogenic MSCs. Cell tracking was performed using longitudinal, in vivo and ex vivo near-infrared (NIR) imaging and histology. Synovium SDF-1α and interleukin (IL)-17A immunostaining was performed. Serum was assayed for SDF-1α and 29 other cytokines. RESULTS In Part 1, there was a significant increase in MSC concentration and synovial fluid SDF-1α in Rupture. No differences in cartilage biomarkers were observed. In Part 2, Rupture had significantly higher NIR signal at 24, 48, and 72 h, indicating active recruitment of MSCs to the injured joint. Ex vivo cell tracking demonstrated MSC localization in the synovium and myotendinous junction (MTJ) of the quadriceps. Injured synovia exhibited increased synovitis grade and higher degree of IL-17A and SDF-1α immunostaining. CONCLUSION ACL rupture induced peripheral blood mobilization of MSCs and migration of intravenously-injected allogenic MSCs to the injured joint, where they localized in the synovium and quadriceps MTJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maerz
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oakland University - William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - M Fleischer
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - M D Newton
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - A Davidson
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - M Salisbury
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - P Altman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - M D Kurdziel
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oakland University - William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - K Anderson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oakland University - William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - A Bedi
- MedSport and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K C Baker
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oakland University - William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA.
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Healing of an anal sphincter defect at a time distant from injury is a challenge. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether re-establishing stem cell homing at the site of an anal sphincter defect when cytokine expression has declined using a plasmid engineered to express stromal derived factor 1 with or without mesenchymal stem cells can improve anatomic and functional outcome. DESIGN This was a randomized animal study. SETTINGS Thirty-two female age- and weight-matched Sprague Dawley rats underwent 50% excision of the anal sphincter complex. Three weeks after injury, 4 interventions were randomly allocated (n = 8), including no intervention, 100-μg plasmid, plasmid and 800,000 cells, and plasmid with a gelatin scaffold mixed with cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The differences in anal sphincter resting pressures just before and 4 weeks after intervention were used for functional analysis. Histology was analyzed using Masson staining. One-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test was used for pressure and histological analysis. RESULTS All 3 of the intervention groups had a significantly greater change in resting pressure (plasmid p = 0.009; plasmid + cells p = 0.047; plasmid + cells in scaffold p = 0.009) compared with the control group. The plasmid-with-cells group showed increased organization of muscle architecture and increased muscle percentage, whereas the control group showed disorganized architecture at the site of the defect. Histological quantification revealed significantly more muscle at the site of defect in the plasmid-plus-cells group compared with the control group, which had the least muscle. Quantification of connective tissue revealed significantly less fibrosis at the site of defect in the plasmid and plasmid-plus-cells groups compared with the control group. LIMITATIONS Midterm evaluation and muscle morphology were not defined. CONCLUSIONS At this midterm follow-up, local delivery of a stromal derived factor 1 plasmid with or without local mesenchymal stem cells enhanced anal sphincter muscle regeneration long after an anal sphincter injury, thereby improving functional outcome. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A324.
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19
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Lalu MM, Sullivan KJ, Mei SH, Moher D, Straus A, Fergusson DA, Stewart DJ, Jazi M, MacLeod M, Winston B, Marshall J, Hutton B, Walley KR, McIntyre L. Evaluating mesenchymal stem cell therapy for sepsis with preclinical meta-analyses prior to initiating a first-in-human trial. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27870924 PMCID: PMC5153252 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of preclinical evidence prior to initiating early-phase clinical studies has typically been performed by selecting individual studies in a non-systematic process that may introduce bias. Thus, in preparation for a first-in-human trial of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for septic shock, we applied systematic review methodology to evaluate all published preclinical evidence. We identified 20 controlled comparison experiments (980 animals from 18 publications) of in vivo sepsis models. Meta-analysis demonstrated that MSC treatment of preclinical sepsis significantly reduced mortality over a range of experimental conditions (odds ratio 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.18–0.40, latest timepoint reported for each study). Risk of bias was unclear as few studies described elements such as randomization and no studies included an appropriately calculated sample size. Moreover, the presence of publication bias resulted in a ~30% overestimate of effect and threats to validity limit the strength of our conclusions. This novel prospective application of systematic review methodology serves as a template to evaluate preclinical evidence prior to initiating first-in-human clinical studies. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17850.001 Most attempts to transform exciting findings from laboratories into clinical treatments are unsuccessful. One reason for this may be the failure to consider all of the laboratory work that has been performed before deciding to test a treatment on patients for the first time. In particular, negative findings (that suggest that a potential new treatment is ineffective) may be overlooked. Stem cells may help to treat life-threatening infections, but this has not been tested in human patients. However, the effectiveness of stem cell treatments has been tested in animals that act as models of human infection. Before deciding to begin a clinical trial of stem cell therapy for life-threatening infections, Lalu et al. performed an exhaustive search to find all the studies in which stem cells were used to treat animal models of infection. Combining the results of all of these studies using particular analysis techniques revealed that stem cell therapy increased the survival of these animals overall. These positive effects were seen over a range of different experimental conditions (for example, when treating the animals with different doses of stem cells, or giving the doses at different times). Lalu et al. also identified some limitations with most of the laboratory studies that had tested stem cell therapy for infections. Many of the studies used animal models that may not be the best representations of humans with severe infection. In addition, many of the scientists did not report that they had used methods (such as randomization) that would generate the most confidence in their results. Despite these limitations, there was a lot of consistency in the reported results. Overall, the results support the decision to proceed to a clinical trial that tests the effectiveness of stem cells for treating human infections. More generally, Lalu et al.’s analysis demonstrates a way of considering all laboratory evidence before deciding to proceed to a first clinical trial in humans. This may help researchers to identify promising therapies to further develop, and also to identify potential failures before they are tested in patients. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17850.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj M Lalu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Katrina J Sullivan
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shirley Hj Mei
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David Moher
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alexander Straus
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dean A Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mazen Jazi
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Malcolm MacLeod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Brent Winston
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - John Marshall
- Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, Keenan Research Centre of the Li KaShing Knowledge Institute, St. Michaels Hospital, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Hutton
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Keith R Walley
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lauralyn McIntyre
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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20
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Loftus TJ, Thomson AJ, Kannan KB, Alamo IG, Ramos HN, Whitley EE, Efron PA, Mohr AM. Effects of trauma, hemorrhagic shock, and chronic stress on lung vascular endothelial growth factor. J Surg Res 2016; 210:15-21. [PMID: 28457321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2) regulate vascular permeability and endothelial cell survival. We hypothesized that hemorrhagic shock (HS) and chronic stress (CS) would increase expression of lung VEGF and its receptors, potentiating pulmonary edema in lung tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8-9 wk were randomized: naïve control, lung contusion (LC), LC followed by HS (LCHS), and LCHS with CS in a restraint cylinder for 2 h/d (LCHS/CS). Animals were sacrificed on days 1 and 7. Expressions of lung VEGF, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Lung Injury Score (LIS) was graded on light microscopy by inflammatory cell counts, interstitial edema, pulmonary edema, and alveolar integrity (range: 0 = normal; 8 = severe injury). RESULTS Seven days after LC, lung VEGF and VEGFR-1 were increased, and lung tissue healed (LIS: 0.8 ± 0.8). However, 7 d after LCHS and LCHS/CS, lung VEGF and VEGFR-1 expressions were decreased. VEGFR-2 was also decreased after LCHS/CS. LIS was elevated 7 d after LCHS and LCHS/CS (6.5 ± 1.0 and 8.2 ± 0.8). Increased LIS after LCHS and LCHS/CS was because of higher inflammatory cell counts, increased interstitial edema, and loss of alveolar integrity, whereas pulmonary edema was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Elevation of lung VEGF and VEGFR-1 expressions after LC alone was associated with healing of injured lung tissue. Expressions of VEGF, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 were reduced after LCHS and LCHS/CS, and injured lung tissue did not heal. Persistent lung injury after severe trauma was because of inflammation rather than pulmonary edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Loftus
- Department of Surgery, Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew J Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kolenkode B Kannan
- Department of Surgery, Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ines G Alamo
- Department of Surgery, Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Harry N Ramos
- Department of Surgery, Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery, Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida.
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Wu Y, Huang F, Zhou X, Yu S, Tang Q, Li S, Wang J, Chen L. Hypoxic Preconditioning Enhances Dental Pulp Stem Cell Therapy for Infection-Caused Bone Destruction. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:1191-1203. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shue Li
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Carr MJ, Li Y, Rezakhanlou AM, Ghahary A. Keratinocyte-Releasable Factors Stimulate the Expression of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:308-317. [PMID: 27340768 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between keratinocytes and fibroblasts plays a critical role in maintaining skin integrity under both normal and pathological conditions. We have previously demonstrated that keratinocyte-releasable factors influence the expression of key extracellular matrix components, such as collagen and matrix metalloproteinases in dermal fibroblasts. In this study, we utilized DNA microarray analysis to examine the effects of keratinocyte-releasable factors on the expression of several cytokines in human dermal fibroblasts. The results revealed significantly higher granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) expression in fibroblasts co-cultured with keratinocytes relative to mono-cultured cells, which was verified by RT-PCR and western blot. G-CSF is an important hematopoietic factor also thought to play a beneficial role in wound healing through stimulating keratinocyte proliferation. To partially characterize the keratinocyte-releasable factors responsible for stimulating G-CSF production, keratinocyte-conditioned medium (KCM) was subjected to thermal treatment and ammonium sulfate precipitation before treating fibroblasts. The results showed that keratinocyte-releasable G-CSF-stimulating factors remain stable at 56°C and upon 50% ammonium sulfate precipitation. Knowing that keratinocytes release IL-1, which stimulates G-CSF expression in various immune cells, several experiments were conducted to ask whether this might also be the case for fibroblasts. The results showed that the addition of recombinant IL-1 markedly increased G-CSF expression in fibroblasts; however, IL-1 receptor antagonist only partially abrogated KCM-stimulated G-CSF expression, indicating the role of additional keratinocyte-releasable factors. These findings underline the importance of cross-talk between keratinocytes and fibroblasts, suggesting that communication between these cells in vivo modulates the production of cytokines required for cutaneous wound healing and maintenance. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 308-317, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Carr
- Department of Surgery, BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Lab, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yunyuan Li
- Department of Surgery, BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Lab, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alireza Moeen Rezakhanlou
- Department of Surgery, BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Lab, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aziz Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Lab, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Polytrauma: Actor and Target. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6289825. [PMID: 27340408 PMCID: PMC4909902 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6289825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are considered indispensable in regeneration processes after tissue trauma. MSCs are recruited to damaged areas via several chemoattractant pathways where they function as “actors” in the healing process by the secretion of manifold pro- and anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, pro- and anticoagulatory, and trophic/angiogenic factors, but also by proliferation and differentiation into the required cells. On the other hand, MSCs represent “targets” during the pathophysiological conditions after severe trauma, when excessively generated inflammatory mediators, complement activation factors, and damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns challenge MSCs and alter their functionality. This in turn leads to complement opsonization, lysis, clearance by macrophages, and reduced migratory and regenerative abilities which culminate in impaired tissue repair. We summarize relevant cellular and signaling mechanisms and provide an up-to-date overview about promising future therapeutic MSC strategies in the context of severe tissue trauma.
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G-CSF Administration after the Intraosseous Infusion of Hypertonic Hydroxyethyl Starches Accelerating Wound Healing Combined with Hemorrhagic Shock. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5317630. [PMID: 26989687 PMCID: PMC4773547 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5317630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the therapeutic effects of G-CSF administration after intraosseous (IO) resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock (HS) combined with cutaneous injury rats. Methods. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) HS with resuscitation (blank), (2) HS with resuscitation + G-CSF (G-CSF, 200 μg/kg body weight, subcutaneous injection), (3) HS with resuscitation + normal saline solution injection (normal saline), and (4) HS + G-CSF injection without resuscitation (Unres/G-CSF). To estimate the treatment effects, the vital signs of alteration were first evaluated, and then wound closure rates and homing of MSCs and EPCs to the wound skins and vasculogenesis were measured. Besides, inflammation and vasculogenesis related mRNA expressions were also examined. Results. IO infusion hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch (HHES) exhibited beneficial volume expansion roles and G-CSF administration accelerated wound healing 3 days ahead of other groups under hemorrhagic shock. Circulating and the homing of MSCs and EPCs at wound skins were significantly elevated at 6 h after G-CSF treatment. Inflammation was declined since 3 d while angiogenesis was more obvious in G-CSF treated group on day 9. Conclusions. These results suggested that the synergistical application of HHES and G-CSF has life-saving effects and is beneficial for improving wound healing in HS combined with cutaneous injury rats.
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McIntyre LA, Moher D, Fergusson DA, Sullivan KJ, Mei SHJ, Lalu M, Marshall J, Mcleod M, Griffin G, Grimshaw J, Turgeon A, Avey MT, Rudnicki MA, Jazi M, Fishman J, Stewart DJ. Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy for Acute Lung Injury in Preclinical Animal Models: A Systematic Review. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147170. [PMID: 26821255 PMCID: PMC4731557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating clinical condition that is associated with a 30–40% risk of death, and significant long term morbidity for those who survive. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have emerged as a potential novel treatment as in pre-clinical models they have been shown to modulate inflammation (a major pathophysiological hallmark of ARDS) while enhancing bacterial clearance and reducing organ injury and death. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS and Web of Science was performed to identify pre-clinical studies that examined the efficacy MSCs as compared to diseased controls for the treatment of Acute Lung Injury (ALI) (the pre-clinical correlate of human ARDS) on mortality, a clinically relevant outcome. We assessed study quality and pooled results using random effect meta-analysis. A total of 54 publications met our inclusion criteria of which 17 (21 experiments) reported mortality and were included in the meta-analysis. Treatment with MSCs, as compared to controls, significantly decreased the overall odds of death in animals with ALI (Odds Ratio 0.24, 95% Confidence Interval 0.18–0.34, I2 8%). Efficacy was maintained across different types of animal models and means of ALI induction; MSC origin, source, route of administration and preparation; and the clinical relevance of the model (timing of MSC administration, administration of fluids and or antibiotics). Reporting of standard MSC characterization for experiments that used human MSCs and risks of bias was generally poor, and although not statistically significant, a funnel plot analysis for overall mortality suggested the presence of publication bias. The results from our meta-analysis support that MSCs substantially reduce the odds of death in animal models of ALI but important reporting elements were sub optimal and limit the strength of our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauralyn A. McIntyre
- Department of Medicine (Division of Critical Care), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - David Moher
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dean A. Fergusson
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Manoj Lalu
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Marshall
- Department of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michaels Hospital, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malcolm Mcleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gilly Griffin
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy Grimshaw
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexis Turgeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit (Trauma—Emergency—Critical Care Medicine), CHU de Québec Research Center, CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc T. Avey
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A. Rudnicki
- Department of Medicine (Division of Critical Care), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jason Fishman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Duncan J. Stewart
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Mesenchymal stem cells enhance lung recovery after injury, shock, and chronic stress. Surgery 2016; 159:1430-5. [PMID: 26830071 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal lung healing is impaired when lung contusion (LC) is followed by hemorrhagic shock (HS), and chronic stress (CS). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are immunomodulatory, pluripotent cells that are under investigation for use in wound healing and tissue regeneration. We hypothesized that treatment with MSCs can reverse the impaired healing seen after LC combined with HS and CS (LCHS/CS). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6/group) underwent LCHS with or without a single intravenous dose of 5 × 10(6) Sprague-Dawley rat MSCs after resuscitation. Thereafter, rats were subjected to 2 hours of CS daily on days 1-6 and were humanely killed on day 7. Lung histology was scored according to a well-established lung injury score (LIS) that included interstitial and pulmonary edema, alveolar integrity, and inflammatory cells. Scoring ranges from 0 (normal lung) to 11 (most severely injured). Whole blood was analyzed for the presence of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T-regulatory cells (Treg) by flow cytometry. RESULTS Seven days after isolated LC, LIS had returned to 0.8 ± 0.4; however, after LCHS/CS healing is significantly delayed (7.2 ± 2.2; P < .05). Addition of MSC to LCHS/CS decreased LIS to 2.0 ± 1.3 (P < .05) and decreased all subgroup scores (inflammatory cells, interstitial and pulmonary edema, and alveolar integrity) significantly compared with LCHS/CS (P < .05). The percentage of Tregs found in the peripheral blood of animals undergoing LCHS/CS did not change from LC alone (10.5 ± 3.3% vs 6.7 ± 1.7%; P > .05). Treatment with MSCs significantly increased the Treg population compared with LCHS/CS alone (11.7 ± 2.7% vs 6.7 ± 1.7%; P < .05) CONCLUSION: In this model, severe impairment of wound healing observed 1 week after LCHS/CS is reversed by a single treatment with MSCs immediately after resuscitation. This improvement in lung healing is associated with a decrease in the number of inflammatory cells and lung edema and a significant increase in peripheral Tregs. Further study into the timing of administration and mechanisms by which cell-based therapy using MSCs modulate the immune system and improve wound healing is warranted.
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27
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Yu Y, Wu RX, Gao LN, Xia Y, Tang HN, Chen FM. Stromal cell-derived factor-1-directed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell migration in response to inflammatory and/or hypoxic stimuli. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:342-59. [PMID: 26745021 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1139287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Directing cell trafficking toward a target site of interest is critical for advancing stem cell therapy in clinical theranostic applications. In this study, we investigated the effects of inflammatory and/or hypoxic stimuli on the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) during in vitro culture and after in vivo implantation. Using tablet scratch experiments and observations from a transwell system, we found that both inflammatory and hypoxic stimuli significantly enhanced cell migration. However, the combination of inflammatory and hypoxic stimuli did not result in a synergistic effect. The presence of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) significantly enhanced cell migration irrespective of the incubation conditions, and these positive effects could be blocked by treatment with AMD3100. Based on a time course experiment, we found that preconditioning cells with either inflammatory or hypoxic stimuli for 24 h or with both stimuli for 12 h led to high levels of chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression. In vivo studies further demonstrated that pretreatment of BMMSCs with inflammatory and/or hypoxic stimuli resulted in an increased number of systemically injected cells migrating toward skin injuries, and local SDF-1 administration significantly increased cell migration. These findings suggest that in vitro control of either inflammatory or hypoxic stimuli has significant potential to enhance SDF-1-directed BMMSC migration via the upregulation of CXCR4 expression. Although combining the stimuli did not necessarily lead to a synergistic effect, the potential to reduce the dose and time required for cell preconditioning indicates that combinations of various strategies warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R., China.,b Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Biomaterials Unit, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R., China
| | - Rui-Xin Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R., China.,b Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Biomaterials Unit, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R., China
| | - Li-Na Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R., China.,b Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Biomaterials Unit, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R., China
| | - Yu Xia
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R., China.,b Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Biomaterials Unit, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R., China
| | - Hao-Ning Tang
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R., China.,b Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Biomaterials Unit, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R., China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R., China.,b Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Biomaterials Unit, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R., China
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Yang Y, Pang D, Hu C, Lv Y, He T, An Y, Tang Z, Deng Z. Nestin Positive Bone Marrow Derived Cells Responded to Injury Mobilize into Peripheral Circulation and Participate in Skin Defect Healing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143368. [PMID: 26633897 PMCID: PMC4669078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenously infused mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are thought to migrate to injury site through peripheral blood stream and participate in tissue repair. However, whether and how endogenous bone marrow MSCs mobilized to circulating and targeted to tissue injury has raised some controversy, and related studies were restricted by the difficulty of MSCs identifying in vivo. Nestin, a kind of intermediate filament protein initially identified in neuroepithelial stem cells, was recently reported as a credible criteria for MSCs in bone marrow. In this study, we used a green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled bone marrow replacement model to trace the nestin positive bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) of skin defected-mice. We found that after skin injured, numbers of nestin+ cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow both increased. A remarkable concentration of nestin+ BMDCs around skin wound was detected, while few of these cells could be observed in uninjured skin or other organs. This recruitment effect could not be promoted by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), suggests a different mobilization mechanism from ones G-CSF takes effect on hematopoietic cells. Our results proposed nestin+ BMDCs as mobilized candidates in skin injury repair, which provide a new insight of endogenous MSCs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Danlin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xiangya Stomatology Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenghu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Institute of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajie Lv
- Department of Dermatology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shannxi, China
| | - Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yulin An
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Xiangya Stomatology Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail: (ZD)’ (ZT)
| | - Zhihong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (ZD)’ (ZT)
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Heldring N, Mäger I, Wood MJA, Le Blanc K, Andaloussi SEL. Therapeutic Potential of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:506-17. [PMID: 26153722 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is evident by the number of new and ongoing trials targeting an impressive variety of conditions. In bone and cartilage repair, MSCs are expected to replace the damaged tissue, while in other therapies they modulate a therapeutic response by the secretion of bioactive molecules. MSCs possess a phenotypic plasticity and harbor an arsenal of bioactive molecules that can be released upon sensing signals in the local milieu either directly or packaged in extracellular vesicles (EVs). The reported paracrine effects comprise many of the important functions of MSCs, including supporting hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, promoting angiogenesis, and modulating the immune system. The major drawback in MSC therapy is the incomplete understanding of cell fate following systemic administration as well as the mechanisms by which these cells correct disease. In this review we discuss what is known about MSC engraftment, hemocompatibility, and immunomodulation, as well as the potential of bringing the MSC-EV field toward a clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Heldring
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Imre Mäger
- 2 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,3 Institute of Technology, University of Tartu , Tartu, Estonia
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- 2 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Le Blanc
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Samir E L Andaloussi
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,2 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Bible LE, Pasupuleti LV, Gore AV, Sifri ZC, Kannan KB, Mohr AM. Daily propranolol prevents prolonged mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells in a rat model of lung contusion, hemorrhagic shock, and chronic stress. Surgery 2015. [PMID: 26209570 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Propranolol has been shown previously to decrease the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) after acute injury in rodent models; however, this acute injury model does not reflect the prolonged period of critical illness after severe trauma. Using our novel lung contusion/hemorrhagic shock/chronic restraint stress model, we hypothesize that daily administration of propranolol will decrease prolonged mobilization of HPCs without worsening lung healing. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 6 days of restraint stress after undergoing lung contusion or lung contusion/hemorrhagic shock. Restraint stress consisted of a daily 2-hour period of restraint interrupted every 30 minutes by alarms and repositioning. Each day after the period of restraint stress, the rats received intraperitoneal propranolol (10 mg/kg). On day 7, peripheral blood was analyzed for granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and for mobilization of HPCs using c-kit and CD71 flow cytometry. The lungs were examined histologically to grade injury. RESULTS Seven days after lung contusion and lung contusion/hemorrhagic shock, the addition of chronic restraint stress significantly increased the mobilization of HPC, which was associated with persistently increased levels of G-CSF and increased lung injury scores. The addition of propranolol to lung contusion/chronic restraint stress and lung contusion/hemorrhagic shock/chronic restraint stress models greatly decreased HPC mobilization and restored G-CSF levels to that of naïve animals without worsening lung injury scores. CONCLUSION The daily administration of propranolol after both lung contusion and lung contusion/hemorrhagic shock subjected to chronic restraint stress decreased the prolonged mobilization of HPC from the bone marrow and decreased plasma G-CSF levels. Despite the decrease in mobilization of HPC, lung healing did not worsen. Alleviating chronic stress with propranolol may be a future therapeutic target to improve healing after severe injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letitia E Bible
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Latha V Pasupuleti
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Amy V Gore
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Ziad C Sifri
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Kolenkode B Kannan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
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Can mesenchymal stem cells reverse chronic stress-induced impairment of lung healing following traumatic injury? J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 78:767-72. [PMID: 25807405 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One week following unilateral lung contusion (LC), rat lungs demonstrate full histologic recovery. When animals undergo LC plus the addition of chronic restraint stress (CS), wound healing is significantly delayed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells capable of immunomodulation, which have been the focus of much research in wound healing and tissue regeneration. We hypothesize that the addition of MSCs will improve wound healing in the setting of CS. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6-7 per group) were subjected to LC/CS with or without the injection of MSCs. MSCs were given as a single intravenous dose of 5 × 10 cells in 1 mL Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium at the time of LC. Rats were subjected to 2 hours of restraint stress on Days 1 to 6 following LC. Seven days following injury, rats were sacrificed, and the lungs were examined for histologic evidence of wound healing using a well-established histologic lung injury score (LIS) to grade injury. LIS examines inflammatory cells/high-power field (HPF) averaged over 30 fields, interstitial edema, pulmonary edema, and alveolar integrity, with scores ranging from 0 (normal) to 11 (highly damaged). Peripheral blood was analyzed by flow cytometry for the presence of T-regulatory (C4CD25FoxP3) cells. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test, expressed as mean (SD). RESULTS As previously shown, 7 days following isolated LC, LIS has returned to 0.83 (0.41), with a subscore of zero for inflammatory cells/HPF. The addition of CS results in an LIS of 4.4 (2.2), with a subscore of 1.9 (0.7) for inflammatory cells/HPF. Addition of MSC to LC/CS decreased LIS to 1.7 (0.8), with a subscore of zero for inflammatory cells/HPF. Furthermore, treatment of animals undergoing LC/CS with MSCs increased the %T-regulatory cells by 70% in animals undergoing LC/CS alone (12.9% [2.4]% vs. 6.2% [1.3%]). CONCLUSION Stress-induced impairment of wound healing is reversed by the addition of MSCs given at the time of injury in this rat LC model. This improvement in lung healing is associated with a decrease in the number of inflammatory cells and an increase in the number of T-regulatory cells. Further study into the mechanisms by which MSCs hasten wound healing is warranted.
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Ahmed SK, Soliman AA, Omar SMM, Mohammed WR. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in a Rabbit Corneal Alkali Burn Model (A Histological and Immune Histo-chemical Study). Int J Stem Cells 2015; 8:69-78. [PMID: 26019756 PMCID: PMC4445711 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2015.8.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alkali-burned corneas can seldom heal properly to restore corneal transparency. Treatment of this severe disorder of the ocular surface remains a challenge. Aim of the Work was to investigate whether systemically transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can promote corneal wound healing after alkali burn. Material and Methods Thirty five male New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups. Group I; the control group was sham operated. Group II; corneal alkali burn was created. Group III; underwent corneal alkali burn then treated with BM-MSCs. All corneas were collected after fourteen and twenty eight days. Evaluation using H&E, PAS & alkaline phosphatase reaction was carried out. Immune histo-chemical staining for CD44 and vimentin was performed as well. Results the corneal epithelium of (Group II) showed marked alterations. Vascularization, cellular infiltration and irregularity of the collagen fibers were also seen in the substantia propria. Increase in the thickness of the Descemet’s membrane was noticed as well. On the other hand, at the time of 28 days, Group III rabbits showed best histological results with nearly healed corneas compared to other groups. Meanwhile, vimentin was more strongly expressed in Group III assessing the differentiating ability of BM-MSCs. Conclusion BM-MSCs could effectively promote corneal alkali burn healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheir Kamal Ahmed
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amel Ali Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar M M Omar
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Rabee Mohammed
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ross D, Maerz T, Kurdziel M, Hein J, Doshi S, Bedi A, Anderson K, Baker K. The effect of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on rotator cuff healing after injury and repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2015; 473:1655-64. [PMID: 25733010 PMCID: PMC4385377 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failure rate of tendon-bone healing after repair of rotator cuff tears remains high. A variety of biologic- and cell-based therapies aimed at improving rotator cuff healing have been investigated, and stem cell-based techniques have become increasingly more common. However, most studies have focused on the implantation of exogenous cells, which introduces higher risk and cost. We aimed to improve rotator cuff healing by inducing endogenous stem cell mobilization with systemic administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked: (1) Does G-CSF administration increase local cellularity after acute rotator cuff repair? (2) Is there histologic evidence that G-CSF improved organization at the healing enthesis? (3) Does G-CSF administration improve biomechanical properties of the healing supraspinatus tendon-bone complex? (4) Are there micro-MRI-based observations indicating G-CSF-augmented tendon-bone healing? METHODS After creation of full-thickness supraspinatus tendon defects with immediate repair, 52 rats were randomized to control or G-CSF-treated groups. G-CSF was administered for 5 days after repair and rats were euthanized at 12 or 19 postoperative days. Shoulders were subjected to micro-MR imaging, stress relaxation, and load-to-failure as well as blinded histologic and histomorphometric analyses. RESULTS G-CSF-treated animals had significantly higher cellularity composite scores at 12 and 19 days compared with both control (12 days: 7.40 ± 1.14 [confidence interval {CI}, 5.98-8.81] versus 4.50 ± 0.57 [CI, 3.58-5.41], p = 0.038; 19 days: 8.00 ± 1.00 [CI, 6.75-9.24] versus 5.40 ± 0.89 [CI, 4.28-6.51], p = 0.023) and normal animals (12 days: p = 0.029; 19 days: p = 0.019). There was no significant difference between G-CSF-treated animals or control animals in ultimate stress (MPa) and strain, modulus (MPa), or yield stress (MPa) and strain at either 12 days (p = 1.000, p = 0.104, p = 1.000, p = 0.909, and p = 0.483, respectively) or 19 days (p = 0.999, p = 0.964, p = 1.000, p = 0.988, and p = 0.904, respectively). There was no difference in MRI score between G-CSF and control animals at either 12 days (2.7 ± 1.8 [CI, 1.08-4.24] versus 2.3 ± 1.8 [CI, 0.49-4.17], p = 0.623) or 19 days (2.5 ± 1.4 [CI, 1.05-3.94] versus 2.3 ± 1.5 [CI, 0.75-3.91], p = 0.737). G-CSF-treated animals exhibited significantly lower relative bone volume compared with normal animals in the entire humeral head (24.89 ± 3.80 [CI, 20.17-29.60) versus 32.50 ± 2.38 [CI, 29.99-35.01], p = 0.009) and at the supraspinatus insertion (25.67 ± 5.33 [CI, 19.04-32.29] versus 33.36 ± 1.69 [CI, 31.58-35.14], p = 0.027) at 12 days. Further analysis did not reveal any additional significant relationships with respect to regional bone volume or trabecular thickness between groups and time points (p > 0.05). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Postoperative stem cell mobilization agents may be an effective way to enhance rotator cuff repair. Future studies regarding the kinetics of mobilization, the homing capacity of mobilized cells to injured tissues, and the ability of homing cells to participate in regenerative pathways are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ross
- />Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI USA
| | - Tristan Maerz
- />Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Beaumont Health System, 3811 W 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA
| | - Michael Kurdziel
- />Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Beaumont Health System, 3811 W 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA
| | - Joel Hein
- />Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI USA
| | - Shashin Doshi
- />Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI USA
| | - Asheesh Bedi
- />Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Kyle Anderson
- />Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI USA
| | - Kevin Baker
- />Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Beaumont Health System, 3811 W 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA
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Paul AJ, Momier D, Boukhechba F, Michiels JF, Lagadec P, Rochet N. Effect of G-CSF on the osteoinductive property of a BCP/blood clot composite. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:2830-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien J. Paul
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR7277; Nice 06100 France
- CNRS, iBV, UMR7277; Nice 06100 France
- Inserm, iBV, U1091; Nice 06100 France
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR odontologie; Nice 06000 France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pôle d'odontologie; Nice 06000 France
| | - David Momier
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR7277; Nice 06100 France
- CNRS, iBV, UMR7277; Nice 06100 France
- Inserm, iBV, U1091; Nice 06100 France
| | - Florian Boukhechba
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR7277; Nice 06100 France
- CNRS, iBV, UMR7277; Nice 06100 France
- Inserm, iBV, U1091; Nice 06100 France
- Graftys, 13854 Aix En Provence; France
| | | | - Patricia Lagadec
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR7277; Nice 06100 France
- CNRS, iBV, UMR7277; Nice 06100 France
- Inserm, iBV, U1091; Nice 06100 France
| | - Nathalie Rochet
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR7277; Nice 06100 France
- CNRS, iBV, UMR7277; Nice 06100 France
- Inserm, iBV, U1091; Nice 06100 France
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Stuermer EK, Lipenksy A, Thamm O, Neugebauer E, Schaefer N, Fuchs P, Bouillon B, Koenen P. The role of SDF-1 in homing of human adipose-derived stem cells. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:82-9. [PMID: 25581571 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the putative pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic wounds is a disturbed homing of stem cells. In this project, the stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/C-X-C chemokine receptor (CXCR) 4 and SDF-1/CXCR7 pathway were focused in human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). ASCs were incubated with acute (AWF) or chronic wound fluid (CWF) to analyze their effects by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (SDF-1, CXCR4, CXCR7, TIMP3), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SDF-1 in WFs and supernatant), and transwell migration assay with/without antagonization. Whereas SDF-1 amounted 73.5 pg/mL in AWF, it could not be detected in CWF. Incubation with AWF led to a significant enhancement (129.7 pg/mL vs. 95.5 pg/mL), whereas CWF resulted in a significant reduction (30 pg/mL vs. 95.5 pg/mL) of SDF-1 in ASC supernatant. The SDF-1 receptor CXCR7 was detected on ASCs. AWF but not CWF significantly induced ASC migration, which was inhibited by CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonists. Expressions of SDF-1, CXCR4, and CXCR7 were significantly stimulated by AWF while TIMP3 expression was reduced. In conclusion, an uncontrolled inflammation in the chronic wound environment, indicated by a reduced SDF-1 expression, resulted in a decreased ASC migration. A disturbed SDF-1/CXCR4 as well as SDF-1/CXCR7 pathway seems to play an important role in the impaired healing of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa K Stuermer
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
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Noels H, Zhou B, Tilstam PV, Theelen W, Li X, Pawig L, Schmitz C, Akhtar S, Simsekyilmaz S, Shagdarsuren E, Schober A, Adams RH, Bernhagen J, Liehn EA, Döring Y, Weber C. Deficiency of endothelial CXCR4 reduces reendothelialization and enhances neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury in atherosclerosis-prone mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1209-20. [PMID: 24723559 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Cxcl12/Cxcr4 chemokine ligand/receptor axis mediates the mobilization of smooth muscle cell progenitors, driving injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia. This study aimed to investigate the role of endothelial Cxcr4 in neointima formation. APPROACH AND RESULTS β-Galactosidase staining using bone marrow x kinase (Bmx)-CreER(T2) reporter mice and double immunofluorescence revealed an efficient and endothelial-specific deletion of Cxcr4 in Bmx-CreER(T2+) compared with Bmx-CreER(T2-) Cxcr4-floxed apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe(-/-)) mice (referred to as Cxcr4(EC-KO)ApoE(-/-) and Cxcr4(EC-WT) ApoE(-/-), respectively). Endothelial Cxcr4 deficiency significantly increased wire injury-induced neointima formation in carotid arteries from Cxcr4(EC-KO)ApoE(-/-) mice. The lesions displayed a higher number of macrophages, whereas the smooth muscle cell and collagen content were reduced. This was associated with a significant reduction in reendothelialization and endothelial cell proliferation in injured Cxcr4(EC-KO)ApoE(-/-) carotids compared with Cxcr4(EC-WT)ApoE(-/-) controls. Furthermore, stimulation of human aortic endothelial cells with chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) significantly enhanced their wound-healing capacity in an in vitro scratch assay, an effect that could be reversed with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. Also, flow cytometric analysis showed a reduced mobilization of Sca1(+)Flk1(+)Cd31(+) and of Lin(-)Sca1(+) progenitors in Cxcr4(EC-KO) ApoE(-/-) mice after vascular injury, although Cxcr4 surface expression was unaltered. No differences could be detected in plasma concentrations of Cxcl12, vascular endothelial growth factor, sphingosine 1-phosphate, or Flt3 (fms-related tyrosine kinase 3) ligand, all cytokines with an established role in progenitor cell mobilization. Nonetheless, double immunofluorescence revealed a significant reduction in local endothelial Cxcl12 staining in injured carotids from Cxcr4(EC-KO)ApoE(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial Cxcr4 is crucial for efficient reendothelialization after vascular injury through endothelial wound healing and proliferation, and through the mobilization of Sca1(+)Flk1(+)Cd31(+) cells, often referred to as circulating endothelial progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Noels
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (H.N., B.Z., P.V.T., W.T., X.L., L.P., S.A., S.S., E.S., E.A.L.) and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (C.S., J.B.), University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (A.S., Y.D., C.W.) and August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.).
| | - Baixue Zhou
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (H.N., B.Z., P.V.T., W.T., X.L., L.P., S.A., S.S., E.S., E.A.L.) and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (C.S., J.B.), University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (A.S., Y.D., C.W.) and August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Pathricia V Tilstam
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (H.N., B.Z., P.V.T., W.T., X.L., L.P., S.A., S.S., E.S., E.A.L.) and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (C.S., J.B.), University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (A.S., Y.D., C.W.) and August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Wendy Theelen
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (H.N., B.Z., P.V.T., W.T., X.L., L.P., S.A., S.S., E.S., E.A.L.) and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (C.S., J.B.), University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (A.S., Y.D., C.W.) and August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (H.N., B.Z., P.V.T., W.T., X.L., L.P., S.A., S.S., E.S., E.A.L.) and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (C.S., J.B.), University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (A.S., Y.D., C.W.) and August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Lukas Pawig
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (H.N., B.Z., P.V.T., W.T., X.L., L.P., S.A., S.S., E.S., E.A.L.) and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (C.S., J.B.), University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (A.S., Y.D., C.W.) and August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Corinna Schmitz
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (H.N., B.Z., P.V.T., W.T., X.L., L.P., S.A., S.S., E.S., E.A.L.) and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (C.S., J.B.), University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (A.S., Y.D., C.W.) and August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Shamima Akhtar
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (H.N., B.Z., P.V.T., W.T., X.L., L.P., S.A., S.S., E.S., E.A.L.) and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (C.S., J.B.), University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (A.S., Y.D., C.W.) and August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Sakine Simsekyilmaz
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (H.N., B.Z., P.V.T., W.T., X.L., L.P., S.A., S.S., E.S., E.A.L.) and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (C.S., J.B.), University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (A.S., Y.D., C.W.) and August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Erdenechimeg Shagdarsuren
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (H.N., B.Z., P.V.T., W.T., X.L., L.P., S.A., S.S., E.S., E.A.L.) and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (C.S., J.B.), University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (A.S., Y.D., C.W.) and August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Andreas Schober
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (H.N., B.Z., P.V.T., W.T., X.L., L.P., S.A., S.S., E.S., E.A.L.) and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (C.S., J.B.), University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (A.S., Y.D., C.W.) and August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Ralf H Adams
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (H.N., B.Z., P.V.T., W.T., X.L., L.P., S.A., S.S., E.S., E.A.L.) and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (C.S., J.B.), University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (A.S., Y.D., C.W.) and August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (H.N., B.Z., P.V.T., W.T., X.L., L.P., S.A., S.S., E.S., E.A.L.) and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (C.S., J.B.), University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (A.S., Y.D., C.W.) and August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Elisa A Liehn
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (H.N., B.Z., P.V.T., W.T., X.L., L.P., S.A., S.S., E.S., E.A.L.) and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (C.S., J.B.), University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (A.S., Y.D., C.W.) and August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Yvonne Döring
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (H.N., B.Z., P.V.T., W.T., X.L., L.P., S.A., S.S., E.S., E.A.L.) and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (C.S., J.B.), University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (A.S., Y.D., C.W.) and August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (H.N., B.Z., P.V.T., W.T., X.L., L.P., S.A., S.S., E.S., E.A.L.) and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (C.S., J.B.), University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (A.S., Y.D., C.W.) and August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.).
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Lalu MM, Barron CC, Stewart DJ, McIntyre LL. Adult stem cells: potential implications for perioperative medicine. Can J Anaesth 2014; 61:299-305. [PMID: 24510734 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-014-0121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj M Lalu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Civic Campus, Room B307, 1053 Carling Avenue, Mail Stop 249, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada,
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Rennert RC, Sorkin M, Garg RK, Gurtner GC. Stem cell recruitment after injury: lessons for regenerative medicine. Regen Med 2013; 7:833-50. [PMID: 23164083 DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue repair and regeneration are thought to involve resident cell proliferation as well as the selective recruitment of circulating stem and progenitor cell populations through complex signaling cascades. Many of these recruited cells originate from the bone marrow, and specific subpopulations of bone marrow cells have been isolated and used to augment adult tissue regeneration in preclinical models. Clinical studies of cell-based therapies have reported mixed results, however, and a variety of approaches to enhance the regenerative capacity of stem cell therapies are being developed based on emerging insights into the mechanisms of progenitor cell biology and recruitment following injury. This article discusses the function and mechanisms of recruitment of important bone marrow-derived stem and progenitor cell populations following injury, as well as the emerging therapeutic applications targeting these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Rennert
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive West, Hagey Building GK-201, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
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Chen KD, Goto S, Hsu LW, Lin TY, Nakano T, Lai CY, Chang YC, Weng WT, Kuo YR, Wang CC, Cheng YF, Ma YY, Lin CC, Chen CL. Identification of miR-27b as a novel signature from the mRNA profiles of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells involved in the tolerogenic response. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60492. [PMID: 23613728 PMCID: PMC3628792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (adipose-derived MSCs, ASCs) possess the ability to differentiate into multiple tissue types and have immune-modulatory properties similar to those of MSCs from other origins. However, the regulation of the MSC-elicited immune-modulatory activity by specific microRNA (miRNA) mechanisms remains unexplored. Gene expression profiling with knowledge-based functional enrichment analysis is an appropriate approach for unraveling these mechanisms. This tool can be used to examine the transcripts and miRNA regulators that differentiate the rat tolerogenic orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT; DA liver into PVG) and rejection OLT (DA liver into LEW) models. In both models, the rejection reaction was observed on postoperative day 7∼14 (rejection phase) but was overcome only by the PVG recipients. Thus, the global gene expression patterns of ASCs from spontaneously tolerant (PVG) and acute rejecting (LEW) rats in response to LPS activation were compared. In this study, we performed miRNA enrichment analysis based on the analysis of pathway, gene ontology (GO) terms and transcription factor binding site (TFBS) motif annotations. We found that the top candidate, miR-27, was specifically enriched and had the highest predicted frequency. We also identified a greater than 3-fold increase of miR-27b expression in the ASCs of tolerant recipients (DA to PVG) compared to those of rejecting recipients (DA to LEW) during the rejection phase in the rat OLT model. Furthermore, our data showed that miR-27b knockdown has a positive influence on the allosuppressive activity that inhibits T-cell proliferation. We found that miR-27 knockdown significantly induced the expression of CXCL12 in cultured ASCs and the expression of CXCL12 was responsible for the miR-27b antagomir-mediated inhibition of T-cell proliferation. These results, which through a series of comprehensive miRNA enrichment analyses, might be relevant for stem cell-based therapeutic applications in immunosuppressive function using ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Den Chen
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Liver Transplantation Program and Departments of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shigeru Goto
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Liver Transplantation Program and Departments of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Iwao Hospital, Yufuin, Japan
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Liver Transplantation Program and Departments of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yang Lin
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Liver Transplantation Program and Departments of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Liver Transplantation Program and Departments of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Lai
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Liver Transplantation Program and Departments of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Chang
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Liver Transplantation Program and Departments of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Teng Weng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yur-Ren Kuo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Wang
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Liver Transplantation Program and Departments of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Cheng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ying Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Che Lin
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Liver Transplantation Program and Departments of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Long Chen
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Liver Transplantation Program and Departments of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Mendelson A, Cheung Y, Paluch K, Chen M, Kong K, Tan J, Dong Z, Sia SK, Mao JJ. Competitive stem cell recruitment by multiple cytotactic cues. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1156-64. [PMID: 23364311 PMCID: PMC4093799 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc41219e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A multitude of cytotactic cues direct cell migration in development, cancer metastasis and wound healing. However, our understanding of cell motility remains fragmented partially because current migration devices only allow the study of independent factors. We developed a cell motility assay that allows competitive recruitment of a given cell population simultaneously by gradients of multiple cytotactic cues, observable under real-time imaging. Well-defined uniform gradients of cytotactic cues can be independently generated and sustained in each channel. As a case study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) were exposed to 15 cytokines that are commonly present in arthritis. Cytokines that induced robust recruitment of MSCs in multiple groups were selected to 'compete' in a final round to yield the most chemotactic factor(s) based on cell migration numbers, distances, migration indices and motility over time. The potency of a given cytokine in competition frequently differed from its individual action, substantiating the need to test multiple cytokines concurrently due to synergistic or antagonistic effects. This new device has the rare capacity to screen molecules that induce cell migration in cancer therapy, drug development and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Mendelson
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory (TERML), Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St. –PH7E, New York, NY 10032
- Departmental of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Yukkee Cheung
- Departmental of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Kamila Paluch
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory (TERML), Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St. –PH7E, New York, NY 10032
- Departmental of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Mo Chen
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory (TERML), Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St. –PH7E, New York, NY 10032
| | - Kimi Kong
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory (TERML), Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St. –PH7E, New York, NY 10032
| | - Jiali Tan
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory (TERML), Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St. –PH7E, New York, NY 10032
| | - Ziming Dong
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory (TERML), Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St. –PH7E, New York, NY 10032
| | - Samuel K. Sia
- Departmental of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Jeremy J. Mao
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory (TERML), Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St. –PH7E, New York, NY 10032
- Departmental of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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Kim JC, Park JC, Kim SH, Im GI, Kim BS, Lee JB, Choi EY, Song JS, Cho KS, Kim CS. Treatment of FGF-2 on stem cells from inflamed dental pulp tissue from human deciduous teeth. Oral Dis 2013; 20:191-204. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- JC Kim
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - J-C Park
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - S-H Kim
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - G-I Im
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Ilsan Hospital; Dongguk University; Seoul Korea
| | - B-S Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Bio-MAX Institute; Institute of Chemical Processes; Engineering Research Institute; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - J-B Lee
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - E-Y Choi
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - J-S Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Oral Science Research Center; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - K-S Cho
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - C-S Kim
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
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Angelini DJ, Dorsey RM, Willis KL, Hong C, Moyer RA, Oyler J, Jensen NS, Salem H. Chemical warfare agent and biological toxin-induced pulmonary toxicity: could stem cells provide potential therapies? Inhal Toxicol 2013; 25:37-62. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.750406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Marmotti A, Castoldi F, Rossi R, Marenco S, Risso A, Ruella M, Tron A, Borrè A, Blonna D, Tarella C. Bone marrow-derived cell mobilization by G-CSF to enhance osseointegration of bone substitute in high tibial osteotomy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013; 21:237-48. [PMID: 22872005 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-012-2150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) efficacy in accelerating bone regeneration following opening-wedge high tibial valgus osteotomy for genu varum. METHODS A phase II trial was conducted for evaluating the preoperative administration of G-CSF given at 10 μg/kg/day for 3 consecutive days with an additional half-dose 4 h before the opening-wedge high tibial valgus osteotomy. Overall, 12 patients (Group A) received G-CSF treatment, and the subsequent 12 patients (Group B) underwent surgery without G-CSF. The osteotomy gap was filled by a bone graft substitute. Bone marrow cell (BMC) mobilization was monitored by CD34+ve cell and clonogenic progenitor cell analysis. All patients underwent a clinical (Lysholm Knee Scale and SF-36) and radiographic evaluation preoperatively, as well as at given intervals postsurgery. RESULTS All patients completed the treatment program without major side effects; G-CSF was well tolerated. BMC mobilization occurred in all Group A patients, with median peak values of circulating CD34+ve cells of 110/μL (range 29-256). Circulating clonogenic progenitors paralleled CD34+ve cell levels. A significant improvement in Lysholm Knee Scale was recorded at follow-up in Group A compared to Group B. At the radiographic evaluation, there was a significant increase in osseointegration at the bone-graft junction in Group A at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months postsurgery compared to Group B. The computerized tomography scan of the grafted area at 2 months postsurgery showed no significant difference in the quality of the newly formed bone between the two Groups. CONCLUSIONS Although the limited number of patients does not allow firm conclusions, the study suggests that G-CSF can be safely administered preoperatively in subjects undergoing opening-wedge high tibial valgus osteotomy; in addition, the clinical, radiographic and CT monitoring indicate that G-CSF and/or mobilized BMCs may hasten bone graft substitute osseointegration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marmotti
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ordine Mauriziano, Umberto I Hospital, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
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Hu J, Yu X, Wang Z, Wang F, Wang L, Gao H, Chen Y, Zhao W, Jia Z, Yan S, Wang Y. Long term effects of the implantation of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells from the umbilical cord for newly-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endocr J 2013; 60:347-57. [PMID: 23154532 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder resulted from T cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, how to regenerate β-cells and prevent the autoimmune destruction of remnant and neogenetic β-cells is a tough problem. Immunomodulatory propertity of mesenchymal stem cell make it illuminated to overcome it. We assessed the long-term effects of the implantation of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) from the umbilical cord for Newly-onset T1DM. Twenty-nine patients with newly onset T1DM were randomly divided into two groups, patients in group I were treated with WJ-MSCs and patients in group II were treated with normal saline based on insulin intensive therapy. Patients were followed-up after the operation at monthly intervals for the first 3 months and thereafter every 3 months for the next 21 months, the occurrence of any side effects and results of laboratory examinations were evaluated. There were no reported acute or chronic side effects in group I compared with group II, both the HbA1c and C peptide in group I patients were significantly better than either pretherapy values or group II patients during the follow-up period. These data suggested that the implantation of WJ-MSCs for the treatment of newly-onset T1DM is safe and effective. This therapy can restore the function of islet β cells in a longer time, although precise mechanisms are unknown, the implantation of WJ-MSCs is expected to be an effective strategy for treatment of type1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Hu
- Stem Cell Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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Baldelli CMF, Ruella M, Scuderi S, Monni M, Passera R, Omedè P, Tarella C. A short course of granulocyte–colony-stimulating factor to accelerate wound repair in patients undergoing surgery for sacrococcygeal pilonidal cyst: proof of concept. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:1101-9. [DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.697147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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46
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Marlicz W, Zuba-Surma E, Kucia M, Blogowski W, Starzynska T, Ratajczak MZ. Various types of stem cells, including a population of very small embryonic-like stem cells, are mobilized into peripheral blood in patients with Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:1711-22. [PMID: 22238186 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.22875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmentally early cells, including hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), are mobilized into peripheral blood (PB) in response to tissue/organ injury. We sought to determine whether these cells are mobilized into PB in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS Twenty-five patients with active CD, 20 patients in clinical remission, and 25 age-matched controls were recruited and PB samples harvested. The circulating CD133+/Lin-/CD45+ and CD34+/Lin-/CD45+ cells enriched for HSPCs, CD105+/STRO-1+/CD45- cells enriched for MSCs, CD34+/KDR+/CD31+/CD45-cells enriched for EPCs, and small CXCR4+CD34+CD133+ subsets of Lin-CD45- cells that correspond to the population of VSELs were counted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and evaluated by direct immunofluorescence staining for pluripotency embryonic markers and by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for expression of messenger (m)RNAs for a panel of genes expressed in intestine epithelial stem cells. The serum concentration of factors involved in stem cell trafficking, such as stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Our data indicate that cells expressing markers for MSCs, EPCs, and small Oct-4+Nanog+SSEA-4+CXCR4+lin-CD45- VSELs are mobilized into PB in CD. The mobilized cells also expressed at the mRNA level genes playing a role in development and regeneration of gastrointestinal epithelium. All these changes were accompanied by increased serum concentrations of VEGF and HGF. CONCLUSIONS CD triggers the mobilization of MSCs, EPCs, and VSELs, while the significance and precise role of these mobilized cells in repair of damaged intestine requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Role of macrophages in mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow after hemorrhagic shock. Shock 2012; 37:518-23. [PMID: 22293600 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e318249b81d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The release of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) from bone marrow (BM) is under tight homeostatic control. Under stress conditions, HPCs migrate from BM and egress into circulation to participate in immune response, wound repair, or tissue regeneration. Hemorrhagic shock with resuscitation (HS/R), resulting from severe trauma and major surgery, promotes HPC mobilization from BM, which, in turn, affects post-HS immune responses. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of HS/R regulation of HPC mobilization from BM. Using a mouse HS/R model, we demonstrate that the endogenous alarmin molecule high-mobility group box 1 mediates HS/R-induced granulocyte colony-stimulating factor secretion from macrophages (Mϕ in a RAGE [receptor for advanced glycation end products] signaling-dependent manner. Secreted granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, in turn, induces HPC egress from BM. We also show that activation of β-adrenergic receptors on Mϕ by catecholamine mediates the HS/R-induced release of high-mobility group box 1. These data indicate that HS/R, a global ischemia-reperfusion stimulus, regulates HPC mobilization through a series of interacting pathways that include neuroendocrine and innate immune systems, in which Mϕ play a central role.
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Jackson WM, Nesti LJ, Tuan RS. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for attenuation of scar formation during wound healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2012; 3:20. [PMID: 22668751 PMCID: PMC3392767 DOI: 10.1186/scrt111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Scars are a consequence of cutaneous wound healing that can be both unsightly and detrimental to the function of the tissue. Scar tissue is generated by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix tissue by wound healing fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and although it is inferior to the uninjured skin, it is able to restore integrity to the boundary between the body and its environment. Scarring is not a necessary process to repair the dermal tissues. Rather, scar tissue forms due to specific mechanisms that occur during the adult wound healing process and are modulated primarily by the inflammatory response at the site of injury. Adult tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which participate in normal wound healing, are trophic mediators of tissue repair. These cells participate in attenuating inflammation in the wound and reprogramming the resident immune and wound healing cells to favor tissue regeneration and inhibit fibrotic tissue formation. As a result, these cells have been considered and tested as a likely candidate for a cellular therapy to promote scar-less wound healing. This review identifies specific mechanisms by which mesenchymal stem cells can limit tissue fibrosis and summarizes recent in vivo studies where these cells have been used successfully to limit scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley M Jackson
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics Laboratory, Department of SurgeryUniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Bilateral transplantation of allogenic adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the subventricular zone of Parkinson's disease: a pilot clinical study. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:931902. [PMID: 22550521 PMCID: PMC3328274 DOI: 10.1155/2012/931902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The progress of PD and its related disorders cannot be prevented with the medications available. In this study, we recruited 8 PD and 4 PD plus patients between 5 to 15 years after diagnosis. All patients received BM-MSCs bilaterally into the SVZ and were followed up for 12 months. PD patients after therapy reported a mean improvement of 17.92% during “on” and 31.21% during “off” period on the UPDRS scoring system. None of the patients increased their medication during the follow-up period. Subjectively, the patients reported clarity in speech, reduction in tremors, rigidity, and freezing attacks. The results correlated with the duration of the disease. Those patients transplanted in the early stages of the disease (less than 5 years) showed more improvement and no further disease progression than the later stages (11–15 years). However, the PD plus patients did not show any change in their clinical status after stem cell transplantation. This study demonstrates the safety of adult allogenic human BM-MSCs transplanted into the SVZ of the brain and its efficacy in early-stage PD patients.
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Bhatia M, Zemans RL, Jeyaseelan S. Role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 46:566-72. [PMID: 22323365 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0392tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is due to an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response resulting from direct injury to the lung or indirect injury in the setting of a systemic process. Such insults lead to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which includes activation of leukocytes-alveolar macrophages and sequestered neutrophils-in the lung. Although systemic inflammatory response syndrome is a physiologic response to an insult, systemic leukocyte activation, if excessive, can lead to end organ injury, such as ALI. Excessive recruitment of leukocytes is critical to the pathogenesis of ALI, and the magnitude and duration of the inflammatory process may ultimately determine the outcome in patients with ALI. Leukocyte recruitment is a well orchestrated process that depends on the function of chemokines and their receptors. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to leukocyte recruitment in ALI may ultimately lead to the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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