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Chen JN, Yang XJ, Cong M, Zhu LJ, Wu X, Wang LT, Sha L, Yu Y, He QR, Ding F, Xian H, Shi HY. Promotive effect of skin precursor-derived Schwann cells on brachial plexus neurotomy and motor neuron damage repair through milieu-regulating secretome. Regen Ther 2024; 27:365-380. [PMID: 38694448 PMCID: PMC11061650 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Brachial plexus injury (BPI) with motor neurons (MNs) damage still remain poor recovery in preclinical research and clinical therapy, while cell-based therapy approaches emerged as novel strategies. Previous work of rat skin precursor-derived Schwann cells (SKP-SCs) provided substantial foundation for repairing peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Given that, our present work focused on exploring the repair efficacy and possible mechanisms of SKP-SCs implantation on rat BPI combined with neurorrhaphy post-neurotomy. Results indicated the significant locomotive and sensory function recovery, with improved morphological remodeling of regenerated nerves and angiogenesis, as well as amelioration of target muscles atrophy and motor endplate degeneration. Besides, MNs could restore from oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) injury upon SKP-SCs-sourced secretome treatment, implying the underlying paracrine mechanisms. Moreover, rat cytokine array assay detected 67 cytokines from SKP-SC-secretome, and bioinformatic analyses of screened 32 cytokines presented multiple functional clusters covering diverse cell types, including inflammatory cells, Schwann cells, vascular endothelial cells (VECs), neurons, and SKP-SCs themselves, relating distinct biological processes to nerve regeneration. Especially, a panel of hypoxia-responsive cytokines (HRCK), can participate into multicellular biological process regulation for permissive regeneration milieu, which underscored the benefits of SKP-SCs and sourced secretome, facilitating the chorus of nerve regenerative microenvironment. Furthermore, platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) were outstanding cytokines involved with nerve regenerative microenvironment regulating, with significantly elevated mRNA expression level in hypoxia-responsive SKP-SCs. Altogether, through recapitulating the implanted SKP-SCs and derived secretome as niche sensor and paracrine transmitters respectively, HRCK would be further excavated as molecular underpinning of the neural recuperative mechanizations for efficient cell therapy; meanwhile, the analysis paradigm in this study validated and anticipated the actions and mechanisms of SKP-SCs on traumatic BPI repair, and was beneficial to identify promising bioactive molecule cocktail and signaling targets for cell-free therapy strategy on neural repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-nan Chen
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiao-jia Yang
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Meng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ling-jie Zhu
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Li-ting Wang
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Lei Sha
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Qian-ru He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hua Xian
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hai-yan Shi
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review advances in the diagnostic evaluation and management of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries. RECENT FINDINGS Serial multimodal assessment of peripheral nerve injuries facilitates assessment of spontaneous axonal regeneration and selection of appropriate patients for early surgical intervention. Novel surgical and rehabilitative approaches have been developed to complement established strategies, particularly in the area of nerve grafting, targeted rehabilitation strategies and interventions to promote nerve regeneration. However, several management challenges remain, including incomplete reinnervation, traumatic neuroma development, maladaptive central remodeling and management of fatigue, which compromise functional recovery. SUMMARY Innovative approaches to the assessment and treatment of peripheral nerve injuries hold promise in improving the degree of functional recovery; however, this remains a complex and evolving area.
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