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Claessens D, Huber-van der Velden K, Krüger R. [Pupillary Dysfunction, Anisocoria and Iris Depigmentation Following COVID-19]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2023. [PMID: 37586402 DOI: 10.1055/a-2118-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronald Krüger
- Gemeinschaftspraxis Augenheilkunde Lindenthal, Köln, Deutschland
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2
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Kanra AY, Altınel MG, Alparslan F. Evaluation of retinal and choroidal parameters as neurodegeneration biomarkers in patients with post-covid-19 syndrome. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103108. [PMID: 36075519 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the neurodegenerative effects of post-COVID-19 syndrome. METHODS This comparative, cross-sectional study included patients who had post-COVID-19 prolonged neurologic symptoms. The control group was selected from volunteer participants with similar age, sex, and spherical equivalent characteristics. After detailed ophthalmic examinations, spectral-domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT) analysis of the macula and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (m-RNFL, p-RNFL respectively) were obtained. We also evaluated the choroidal parameters with the ImageJ software. Post-COVID-19 symptoms and disease severity of the patients were also questioned. RESULTS Thirty-four eyes of 20 patients, and 39 eyes of 23 healthy individuals were included in the study. Thinning was found in the inner superior quadrant of mRNFL (p < 0.05). More prominent and common thinning of retinal layers was observed in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) segments in the patient group. There was no difference between the groups in the calculated choroidal parameters (p > 0.05). In the regression models created, lung involvement was the most prominent parameter associated with thinning of the OCT layers. The other factors were male sex, and the presence of loss of taste and smell also led to deterioration in some parameters. CONCLUSIONS We detected an overall thinning of the GCL and IPL layers with no significant change in CMT, pRNFL, and CVI in the post-COVID-19 period, indicating the direct or indirect effect of SARS-CoV-2 on these layers, rather than a long-term neurodegenerative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Yağmur Kanra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Meltem Güzin Altınel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sitaula S, Poudel A, Gajurel BP. Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in COVID-19 infection – A case report. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 27:101684. [PMID: 35990799 PMCID: PMC9376983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report a case of a non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in the setting of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Observations A 60-year-old healthy female without any risk factors for vasculopathy, presented with an acute painless diminution of vision noticed in the lower half of the visual field in the left eye. She was diagnosed with NAION in the setting of a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions and importance The purpose of this case report is to supplement our knowledge about the neuro-ophthalmological complications of COVID-19 in the form of NAION which might occur even in the early stages of the infection.
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Hema VK, Kumar K, Shah VM. Invasive Fungal Sinusitis in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Seen in South India. J Neuroophthalmol 2022; 42:226-229. [PMID: 34999649 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a vast array of presentations and associations with neuro-ophthalmic diseases. There has been a recent surge in ophthalmic manifestations secondary to fungal sinus infections in India especially in diabetic patients who were given systemic steroids. We present our COVID-19-related cranial neuropathies presenting in our clinic. METHODS This is a retrospective case series of 10 patients affected with COVID-19 disease and who presented with cranial nerve palsies at the neuro-ophthalmic department of a tertiary eye care hospital in South India. An analysis of electronic medical records data was performed, including their comorbidities, symptoms, cranial nerves involved, ocular and neuroimaging findings, site of lesion, etiology, and prognosis. RESULTS Most of the patients (7 of 10) presented with multiple cranial nerve palsies (MCNP) with poor visual acuity. 2 of the 10 cases succumbed to death due to the intracranial involvement. All MCNP cases had uncontrolled diabetes with a history of systemic steroids, and neuroimaging of these cases showed sinusitis of varying severity most of which were suggestive of fungal invasive type. CONCLUSION Our study emphasizes the need to screen for fungal involvement in COVID-19 cases presenting with MCNP especially on diabetic patients on systemic steroids so that an early diagnosis may reduce visual loss and mortality. Physicians treating COVID-19 cases need to be aware of this dreadful complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Hema
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Department, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, India
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5
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Lin TP, Ko CN, Zheng K, Lai KH, Wong RL, Lee A, Zhang S, Huang SS, Wan KH, Lam DS. COVID-19: Update on Its Ocular Involvements, and Complications From Its Treatments and Vaccinations. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2021; 10:521-529. [PMID: 34839344 PMCID: PMC8673850 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) came under the attention of the international medical community when China first notified the World Health Organization of a pneumonia outbreak of then-unknown etiology in Wuhan in December 2019. Since then, COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has appalled the world by spreading at a pandemic speed. Although ophthalmologists do not directly engage in the clinical care of COVID-19 patients, the ophthalmology community has become aware of the close ties between its practice and the pandemic. Not only are ophthalmologists at heightened risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure due to their physical proximity with patients in routine ophthalmic examinations, but SARS-CoV-2 possesses ocular tropism resulting in ocular complications beyond the respiratory tract after viral exposure. Furthermore, patients could potentially suffer from adverse ocular effects in the therapeutic process. This review summarized the latest literature to cover the ophthalmic manifestations, effects of treatments, and vaccinations on the eye to aid the frontline clinicians in providing effective ophthalmic care to COVID-19 patients as the pandemic continues to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P.H. Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Ke Zheng
- C-MER (Beijing) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kenny H.W. Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong
| | - Raymond L.M. Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong
| | - Allie Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Suber S. Huang
- Retina Center of Ohio, Cleveland, OH, US
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, US
| | - Kelvin H. Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dennis S.C. Lam
- C-MER International Eye Research Center of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), China
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Quijano-Nieto BA, Córdoba-Ortega CM. Tonic pupil after COVID-19 infection. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2021; 96:353-355. [PMID: 34217472 PMCID: PMC8114834 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The latest global health threat is the ongoing outbreak of respiratory disease, which was named COVID-19 and multiple ever-evolving neurological complications have since been reported. We present the case of a patient with a bilateral tonic pupil in the postinfectious context of COVID 19. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory tests were normal, a 0.125% pilocarpine test confirmed the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Quijano-Nieto
- Retina and Vitreous Unit, Instituto Mácula y Retina, Oftalmocenter. Ophthalmology Unit, Universidad Nacional de Colombia and Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - C M Córdoba-Ortega
- Ophthalmology Unit, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medical School, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Pupila tónica después de la infección por COVID-19. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE OFTALMOLOGÍA 2021; 96:353-355. [PMID: 34629696 PMCID: PMC7825874 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
La última amenaza para la salud a nivel mundial es el continuo brote de la enfermedad respiratoria, que recibió el nombre de COVID-19, y desde entonces se han publicado múltiples complicaciones neurológicas que están en constante evolución. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con pupila tónica bilateral en el contexto postinfeccioso de COVID-19. La resonancia magnética cerebral y los estudios analíticos fueron normales, una prueba de pilocarpina al 0,125% confirmó el diagnóstico.
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Elnahry AG, Elnahry GA. Management of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2021; 16:122-125. [PMID: 32940188 DOI: 10.2174/1574887115666200917111413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health systems are struggling to prioritize care for affected patients; however, physicians globally are also attempting to maintain care for other less-threatening medical conditions that may lead to permanent disabilities if untreated. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a relatively common condition affecting young females that could lead to permanent blindness if not properly treated. In this article, we provide some insight and recommendations regarding the management of IIH during the pandemic. METHODS The diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment methods of IIH during the COVID-19 pandemic period are reviewed. COVID-19, as a mimic of IIH, is also discussed. RESULTS Diagnosis and follow-up of papilledema due to IIH during the COVID-19 pandemic can be facilitated by nonmydriatic fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. COVID-19 may mimic IIH by presenting as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, papillophlebitis, or meningoencephalitis, so a high index of suspicion is required in these cases. When surgical treatment is indicated, optic nerve sheath fenestration may be the primary procedure of choice during the pandemic period. CONCLUSION IIH is a serious vision-threatening condition that could lead to permanent blindness and disability at a relatively young age if left untreated. It could be the first presentation of a COVID-19 infection. Certain precautions during the diagnosis and management of this condition could be taken that may allow appropriate care to be delivered to these patients while minimizing the risk of coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman G Elnahry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehad A Elnahry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Roshanshad A, Ashraf MA, Roshanshad R, Kharmandar A, Zomorodian SA, Ashraf H. Ocular Manifestations of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Comprehensive Review. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2021; 16:234-247. [PMID: 34055261 PMCID: PMC8126735 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v16i2.9087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from conjunctival involvement which is the most well-known ocular manifestation of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), there are multiple reports of the involvement of other ocular structures by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We comprehensively reviewed PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar for available evidence regarding COVID-19 various ocular manifestations, with special focus on less known and unusual ocular findings. We then categorized the findings based on the parts of the eye which was involved. In anterior sections of the eye, the involvement of the eyelid (tarsadenitis), conjunctiva and cornea (follicular conjunctivitis, pseudomembranous conjunctivitis, and keratoconjunctivitis), episclera (nodular episcleritis), uvea (anterior uveitis) were reported. Also, third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsy, retinal vasculitis, retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes (hyper-reflective lesions and increased retinal nerve fiber layer thickness [RNFLT]), optic neuritis, papillophlebitis, Miller Fisher syndrome, posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy (PRES), ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery occlusion, and polyneuritis cranialis were reported in different studies. Postmortem evaluation of COVID-19 patients detected no viral RNA in different anterior and posterior segments of the eyes. However, another study revealed a 21.4% positivity of the retinal biopsies of dead patients. The results of this study can help ophthalmologists to be vigilant when they see these findings in a suspected case of COVID-19. In addition, wearing face masks and protective goggles or eye shields are recommended, especially in high risk contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Roshanshad
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ashraf
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Romina Roshanshad
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Kharmandar
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Ashraf
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Embolic abducens palsy and central retinal artery occlusion in a patient with COVID-19. J Neuroophthalmol 2021; 42:e500-e501. [PMID: 33813532 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Resident and Fellow Training in a Pandemic. J Neuroophthalmol 2021; 41:6-9. [PMID: 33587533 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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