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Muka S. Taking hobbyists seriously: The reef tank hobby and knowledge production in serious leisure. Stud Hist Philos Sci 2022; 93:192-202. [PMID: 35550930 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Studies of communities that produce knowledge about the natural world have largely focused on groups working with or for academic scientists and conforming to the epistemic values of academic knowledge production. This paper details a community that produces natural knowledge outside of those parameters. The reef hobbyist community, a group that works with aquariums as a form of non-professional leisure, has developed historical narratives, publishing standards, and recognized forms of expertise that are not shared by academic scientists. However, their goal is to produce knowledge about coral systems and their hobby has resulted in a wealth of knowledge about coral husbandry. In this paper, I identify the structure of this community, highlight several prominent groups that make up the network of reef hobbyists, and trace the ways that they produce knowledge about the marine environment through their actions. This paper contributes to discussions about diverse ways of knowing and differing forms of knowledge production in the history and philosophy of science. By examining the history and practices of a well-developed knowledge community outside of academic science, I hope to call attention to the ways that philosophers and historians have centered academic science and its structure and use of knowledge, even in conversations about non-professional knowledge producers. This paper pushes scholars to think more deeply about the way knowledge is developed in non-academic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Muka
- Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
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2
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Carney Almroth B, Asker N, Ašmonaitė G, Birgersson L, Book F, Lammel T, Sturve J. TEACHING PRACTICES IN SCIENCE EDUCATION RELATED TO CHEMICAL USAGE, THEIR HAZARDS AND RISKS. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021; 17:482-483. [PMID: 33570825 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bethanie Carney Almroth
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Noomi Asker
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Giedrė Ašmonaitė
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lina Birgersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Frida Book
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tobias Lammel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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3
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Koffler S, Barbiéri C, Ghilardi-lopes NP, Leocadio JN, Albertini B, Francoy TM, Saraiva AM. A Buzz for Sustainability and Conservation: The Growing Potential of Citizen Science Studies on Bees. Sustainability 2021; 13:959. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Expanding involvement of the public in citizen science projects can benefit both volunteers and professional scientists alike. Recently, citizen science has come into focus as an important data source for reporting and monitoring United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Since bees play an essential role in the pollination ecosystem service, citizen science projects involving them have a high potential for attaining SDGs. By performing a systematic review of citizen science studies on bees, we assessed how these studies could contribute towards SDG reporting and monitoring, and also verified compliance with citizen science principles. Eighty eight studies published from 1992 to 2020 were collected. SDG 15 (Life on Land) and SDG 17 (Partnerships) were the most outstanding, potentially contributing to targets related to biodiversity protection, restoration and sustainable use, capacity building and establishing multi stakeholder partnerships. SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 4 (Quality Education), and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) were also addressed. Studies were found to produce new knowledge, apply methods to improve data quality, and invest in open access publishing. Notably, volunteer participation was mainly restricted to data collection. Further challenges include extending these initiatives to developing countries, where only a few citizen science projects are underway.
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Gracanin A, Roger E, Katsis AC, O’Loughlin LS, Emery NJ, Ocock JF, O’Hanlon JC. An artificial bird nest experiment in urban environments: Lessons from a school-based citizen science programme. AUSTRAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gracanin
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions; School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences; University of Wollongong; Northfields Avenue Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
| | - Erin Roger
- New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Andrew C. Katsis
- Centre for Integrative Ecology; School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Luke S. O’Loughlin
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; Australian National University; Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- School of Environmental Science; Charles Sturt University; Albury New South Wales Australia
| | - Nathan J. Emery
- The Australian PlantBank; The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust; The Australian Botanic Garden Mount Annan; New South Wales Australia
| | - Joanne F. Ocock
- Water and Wetlands Team; Science Division; New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - James C. O’Hanlon
- School of Environmental and Rural Science; University of New England; Armidale New South Wales Australia
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Soanes K, Cranney K, Dade MC, Edwards AM, Palavalli-Nettimi R, Doherty TS. How to work with children and animals: A guide for school-based citizen science in wildlife research. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Soanes
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Kate Cranney
- Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Marie C. Dade
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Amy M. Edwards
- Department of Ecology; Environment and Evolution; La Trobe University; Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | | | - Tim S. Doherty
- Centre for Integrative Ecology; School of Life and Environmental Sciences (Burwood Campus); Deakin University; Geelong Victoria Australia
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Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new approach—understood as a whole-of-community approach—to address a dualistic and dysfunctional human/nature relationship. Of particular concern is the decline in health and numbers of the insects that pollinate an estimated 90 percent of the Earth’s flora and an estimated 35 percent of global crop volume. Specifically, bees provide the majority of biotic pollination and play a critical role in food crop pollination. Multiple factors are contributing to this growing problem including a changing climate. In 2016, the International Commission on Stratigraphy agreed that the concept of the Anthropocene—the human epoch—is of sufficient scale to be considered part of the geological time scale. This indicates that these crises are not random or passive—they are largely the direct result of human activities. Despite decades of awareness of these socio-ecological issues, they continue to worsen. In addition, the growing awareness of the critical role of pollinators is creating a new understanding of our interconnectedness with the “natural” world. We introduce the Bee City movement as a way to operationalize a whole-of-community approach. Individual action is critical, but addressing pollinator health in these forums legitimizes and provides an institutional space for otherwise fringe, or even marginalized, activities and more coherent spaces for habitat creation.
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Schuttler SG, Sears RS, Orendain I, Khot R, Rubenstein D, Rubenstein N, Dunn RR, Baird E, Kandros K, O'Brien T, Kays R. Citizen Science in Schools: Students Collect Valuable Mammal Data for Science, Conservation, and Community Engagement. Bioscience 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca S Sears
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources at North Carolina State University, in Raleigh
| | - Isabel Orendain
- Museo de Paleontologia de Guadalajara, in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rahul Khot
- Bombay Natural History Society, in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Robert R Dunn
- Department of Applied Ecology at North Carolina State University, in Raleigh and with the Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, in the Natural History Museum of Denmark, at the University of Copenhagen
| | | | - Kimberly Kandros
- North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources, in Raleigh
| | | | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences and the Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources at North Carolina State University, both in Raleigh, and with the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, in Washington, DC
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Saunders ME, Roger E, Geary WL, Meredith F, Welbourne DJ, Bako A, Canavan E, Herro F, Herron C, Hung O, Kunstler M, Lin J, Ludlow N, Paton M, Salt S, Simpson T, Wang A, Zimmerman N, Drews KB, Dawson HF, Martin LWJ, Sutton JB, Webber CC, Ritchie AL, Berns LD, Winch BA, Reeves HR, McLennan EC, Gardner JM, Butler CG, Sutton EI, Couttie MM, Hildebrand JB, Blackney IA, Forsyth JA, Keating DM, Moles AT. Citizen science in schools: Engaging students in research on urban habitat for pollinators. AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manu E. Saunders
- Institute for Land Water and Society; Charles Sturt University; Albury New South Wales Australia
| | - Erin Roger
- New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage; 59 Goulburn Street Sydney New South Wales 2000 Australia
| | - William L. Geary
- Biodiversity Division; Department of Environment, Land, Water & Planning; East Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Floret Meredith
- Ecology and Evolutionary Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Dustin J. Welbourne
- School of Physical; Environmental and Mathematical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Canberra New South Wales Australia
| | - Alex Bako
- Kambala; Rose Bay New South Wales Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jade Lin
- Kambala; Rose Bay New South Wales Australia
| | | | | | - Sunny Salt
- Kambala; Rose Bay New South Wales Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela T. Moles
- Ecology and Evolutionary Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Uskoković V. RETHINKING ACTIVE LEARNING AS A PARADIGM OF OUR TIMES: TOWARDS POETICIZING AND HUMANIZING NATURAL SCIENCES IN THE AGE OF STEM. J Mater Educ 2017; 39:241-258. [PMID: 29899595 PMCID: PMC5995469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Though practiced since ancient times, active learning has emerged as the dominant educational paradigm in the 1990s. Methodologically, it is more suitable to teach critical thinking skills compared to the classical lecturing approach. On the other hand, most university settings, including those focusing heavily on STEM (Science-Engineering-Technology-Mathematics), have embraced it unreservedly, offering no forums to analyze its pros and cons and thus provide conditions for its progress. This constitutes a fundamental paradox. In this essay, specific drawbacks associated with the practical applications of this educational paradigm are discussed. They include the promotion of mediocrity through classroom "democratization"; the suppression of solitary reflections and introspectiveness, along with the creative potentials associated therewith; the inhibition of extraordinariness through excessive teamwork; and the incompatibility with the dominant learning assessment strategies. It is argued that the absorption of ideas stemming from domains distant from pedagogy and one's field of research are needed to revitalize the current state of active learning practice. Proposed solutions include the revival of the magic of live lecturing through training teachers in spoken poetry and performance arts; integrating research projects into teaching time; and restructuring the concept of the classroom toward a space and context more reflective of life and more conducive to the learning experience. Continued discussion over the weaknesses of active learning practices are needed to ensure the unhindered progress of this teaching methodology that is currently unrivaled in its popularity and prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA 92618-1908, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, 851 South Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7052, USA
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Gotlieb R, Hyde E, Immordino-Yang MH, Kaufman SB. Cultivating the social-emotional imagination in gifted education: insights from educational neuroscience. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1377:22-31. [PMID: 27504916 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from education, psychology, and neuroscience suggests that investing in the development of the social-emotional imagination is essential to cultivating giftedness in adolescents. Nurturing these capacities may be especially effective for promoting giftedness in students who are likely to lose interest and ambition over time. Giftedness is frequently equated with high general intelligence as measured by IQ tests, but this narrow conceptualization does not adequately capture students' abilities to utilize their talents strategically to fully realize their future possible selves. The brain's default mode network is thought to play an important role in supporting imaginative thinking about the self and others across time. Because this network's functioning is temporarily attenuated when individuals engage in task- and action-oriented focus (mindsets thought to engage the brain's executive attention network), we suggest that consistently focusing students on tasks requiring immediate action could undermine long-term cultivation of giftedness. We argue that giftedness-especially in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)-can be cultivated by encouraging adolescents' intellectual curiosity and supporting their ability to connect schoolwork to a larger purpose. Improving STEM and gifted education may depend upon a shift from knowledge transmission and regimented evaluation to creative exploration, intentional reflectiveness, and mindful switching between task focus and imagining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gotlieb
- Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elizabeth Hyde
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary Helen Immordino-Yang
- Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. .,Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. .,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Scott Barry Kaufman
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,The Imagination Institute, Jenkintown, Pennsylvania.
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11
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Battarbee RW. Ten years and counting. Biol Lett 2015; 11:rsbl.2015.0563. [PMID: 26246338 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Battarbee
- Editor-in-Chief Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WCIE 6BT, UK
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12
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Kelsey IA, Pasquina LW. Next-generation training: publishing student scientists' research. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:3-5. [PMID: 25557143 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Too often, young students fail to translate their childhood curiosity into a passion for scientific discovery. The Journal of Emerging Investigators (JEI) aims to stimulate scientific curiosity in middle and high school students by providing them with an opportunity to publish their science projects in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal.
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Liang JO, Abata K, Bachelder E, Bartley B, Bozadjieva N, Caskey V, Christianson B, Detienne S, Dillon C, Ecklund D, Eckwright D, Erickson R, Fadness T, Fealey M, Fetter N, Flatten M, Fulton J, Galloway R, Gauer J, Hagler M, Hammer A, Hasbargen D, Heckmann B, Hildebrandt A, Hillesheim J, Hoffman M, Hovey J, Iverson S, Joyal M, Jubran R, Keller S, Kent D, Kiefer B, King J, Kuefler A, Larson A, Lewis N, Lu PN, Malone J, Mickolichek C, Mitchell S, Nelson P, Nemec M, Olsen S, Olson K, Pautz K, Pieper K, Remackel M, Rengo C, Sekenski J, Sievers T, Slavik B, Sloan J, Smrekar C, Stromquist E, Tandberg P, Taurinskas N, Thiele M, Timinski P, Tusa B, Tuthill A, Uher B, Ward A, Wilson L, Young N. Original research in the classroom: why do zebrafish spawn in the morning? Zebrafish 2012; 8:191-202. [PMID: 22181662 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2011.0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of an upper level undergraduate developmental biology course at the University of Minnesota Duluth, we developed a unit in which students carried out original research as part of a cooperative class project. Students had the opportunity to gain experience in the scientific method from experimental design all of the way through to the preparation of publication on their research that included text, figures, and tables. This kind of inquiry-based learning has been shown to have many benefits for students, including increased long-term learning and a better understanding of the process of scientific discovery. In our project, students designed experiments to explore why zebrafish typically spawn in the first few hours after the lights come on in the morning. The results of our experiments suggest that spawning still occurs when the dark-to-light transition is altered or absent. This is consistent with the work of others that demonstrates that rhythmic spawning behavior is regulated by an endogenous circadian clock. Our successes and failures carrying out original research as part of an undergraduate course should contribute to the growing approaches for using zebrafish to bring the excitement of experimental science to the classroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer O Liang
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota-Duluth, 1035 Kirby Drive, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
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Marzullo TC, Gage GJ. The SpikerBox: a low cost, open-source bioamplifier for increasing public participation in neuroscience inquiry. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30837. [PMID: 22470415 PMCID: PMC3310049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although people are generally interested in how the brain functions, neuroscience education for the public is hampered by a lack of low cost and engaging teaching materials. To address this, we developed an open-source tool, the SpikerBox, which is appropriate for use in middle/high school educational programs and by amateurs. This device can be used in easy experiments in which students insert sewing pins into the leg of a cockroach, or other invertebrate, to amplify and listen to the electrical activity of neurons. With the cockroach leg preparation, students can hear and see (using a smartphone oscilloscope app we have developed) the dramatic changes in activity caused by touching the mechanosensitive barbs. Students can also experiment with other manipulations such as temperature, drugs, and microstimulation that affect the neural activity. We include teaching guides and other resources in the supplemental materials. These hands-on lessons with the SpikerBox have proven to be effective in teaching basic neuroscience.
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