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Van Impe M, Caboor L, Deleeuw V, De Rycke K, Vanhooydonck M, De Backer J, Segers P, Sips P. Application of an automated analysis framework for pulsed-wave Doppler cardiac ultrasound measurements to generate reference data in adult zebrafish. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R782-R796. [PMID: 37811715 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00103.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
High-frequency cardiac ultrasound is the only well-established method to characterize in vivo cardiovascular function in adult zebrafish noninvasively. Pulsed-wave Doppler imaging allows measurements of blood flow velocities at well-defined anatomical positions, but the measurements and results obtained using this technique need to be analyzed carefully, taking into account the substantial baseline variability within one recording and the possibility for operator bias. To address these issues and to increase throughput by limiting hands-on analysis time, we have developed a fully automated processing pipeline. This framework enables the fast, unbiased analysis of all cardiac cycles in a zebrafish pulsed-wave Doppler recording of both atrioventricular valve flow as well as aortic valve flow without operator-dependent inputs. Applying this automated pipeline to a large number of recordings from wild-type zebrafish shows a strong agreement between the automated results and manual annotations performed by an experienced operator. The reference data obtained from this analysis showed that the early wave peak during ventricular inflow is lower for female compared with male zebrafish. We also found that the peaks of the ventricular inflow and outflow waves as well as the peaks of the regurgitation waves are all correlated positively with body surface area. In general, the presented reference data, as well as the automated Doppler measurement processing tools developed and validated in this study will facilitate future (high-throughput) cardiovascular phenotyping studies in adult zebrafish ultimately leading to a more comprehensive understanding of human (genetic) cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Impe
- IBiTech-BioMMedA, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa Caboor
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Violette Deleeuw
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karo De Rycke
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Vanhooydonck
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie De Backer
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Segers
- IBiTech-BioMMedA, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Sips
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Muir CA, Neff BD, Damjanovski S. Adaptation of a mouse Doppler echocardiograph system for assessing cardiac function and thermal performance in a juvenile salmonid. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab070. [PMID: 34512992 PMCID: PMC8415535 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Measures of cardiac performance are pertinent to the study of thermal physiology and exercise in teleosts, particularly as they pertain to migration success. Increased heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output have previously been linked to improved swimming performance and increased upper thermal tolerance in anadromous salmonids. To assess thermal performance in fishes, it has become commonplace to measure the response of maximum heart rate to warming using electrocardiograms. However, electrocardiograms do not provide insight into the hemodynamic characteristics of heart function that can impact whole-animal performance. Doppler echocardiography is a popular tool used to examine live animal processes, including real-time cardiac function. This method allows for nonsurgical measurements of blood flow velocity through the heart and has been used to detect abnormalities in cardiovascular function, particularly in mammals. Here, we show how a mouse Doppler echocardiograph system can be adapted for use in a juvenile salmonid over a range of temperatures and timeframes. Using this compact, noninvasive system, we measured maximum heart rate, atrioventricular (AV) blood flow velocity, the early flow-atrial flow ratio and stroke distance in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during acute warming. Using histologically determined measures of AV valve area, we show how stroke distance measurements obtained with this system can be used to calculate ventricular inflow volume and approximate cardiac output. Further, we show how this Doppler system can be used to determine cardiorespiratory thresholds for thermal performance, which are increasingly being used to predict the consequences that warming water temperatures will have on migratory fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie A Muir
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Bryan D Neff
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Sashko Damjanovski
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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3
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Chen PY, Yang TH, Kuo LC, Hsu HY, Su FC, Huang CC. Evaluation of Hand Tendon Elastic Properties During Rehabilitation Through High-Frequency Ultrasound Shear Elastography. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:2716-2726. [PMID: 33956629 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3077891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries lead to tendon stiffness, which impairs skeletal muscle movement. Most studies have focused on patellar or Achilles tendons by using ultrasound elastography. Only a few studies have measured the stiffness of hand tendons because their thickness is only 1-2 mm, rendering clinical ultrasound elastography unsuitable for mapping hand tendon stiffness. In this study, a high-frequency ultrasound shear elastography (HFUSE) system was proposed to map the shear wave velocity (SWV) of hand flexor tendons. A handheld vibration system that was coaxially mounted with an external vibrator on a high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) array transducer allowed the operators to scan hand tendons freely. To quantify the performance of HFUSE, six parameters were comprehensively measured from homogeneous, two-sided, and three-sided gelatin phantom experiments: bias, precision, lateral resolution, contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and accuracy. HFUSE demonstrated an excellent resolution of [Formula: see text] to distinguish the local stiffness of thin phantom (thickness: 1.2 mm) without compromising bias, precision, contrast, CNR, and accuracy, which has been noted with previous systems. Human experiments involved four patients with hand tendon injuries who underwent ≥2 months of rehabilitation. Using HFUSE, two-dimensional SWV images of flexor tendons could be clearly mapped for healthy and injured tendons, respectively. The findings demonstrate that HFUSE can be a promising tool for evaluating the elastic properties of the injured hand tendon after surgery and during rehabilitation and thus help monitor progress.
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4
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Juul Belling H, Hofmeister W, Andersen DC. A Systematic Exposition of Methods used for Quantification of Heart Regeneration after Apex Resection in Zebrafish. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030548. [PMID: 32111059 PMCID: PMC7140516 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a worldwide condition that affects millions of people. This is mainly caused by the adult human heart lacking the ability to regenerate upon injury, whereas zebrafish have the capacity through cardiomyocyte proliferation to fully regenerate the heart following injury such as apex resection (AR). But a systematic overview of the methods used to evidence heart regrowth and regeneration in the zebrafish is lacking. Herein, we conducted a systematical search in Embase and Pubmed for studies on heart regeneration in the zebrafish following injury and identified 47 AR studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Overall, three different methods were used to assess heart regeneration in zebrafish AR hearts. 45 out of 47 studies performed qualitative (37) and quantitative (8) histology, whereas immunohistochemistry for various cell cycle markers combined with cardiomyocyte specific proteins was used in 34 out of 47 studies to determine cardiomyocyte proliferation qualitatively (6 studies) or quantitatively (28 studies). For both methods, analysis was based on selected heart sections and not the whole heart, which may bias interpretations. Likewise, interstudy comparison of reported cardiomyocyte proliferation indexes seems complicated by distinct study designs and reporting manners. Finally, six studies performed functional analysis to determine heart function, a hallmark of human heart injury after MI. In conclusion, our data implies that future studies should consider more quantitative methods eventually taking the 3D of the zebrafish heart into consideration when evidencing myocardial regrowth after AR. Furthermore, standardized guidelines for reporting cardiomyocyte proliferation and sham surgery details may be considered to enable inter study comparisons and robustly determine the effect of given genes on the process of heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Juul Belling
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (H.J.B.); (W.H.)
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewparken 25, 1. floor, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Hofmeister
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (H.J.B.); (W.H.)
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewparken 25, 1. floor, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, DanStem, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, 2200 København H, Denmark
| | - Ditte Caroline Andersen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (H.J.B.); (W.H.)
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewparken 25, 1. floor, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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5
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Ho-Chiang C, Huang H, Huang CC. High-frequency ultrasound deformation imaging for adult zebrafish during heart regeneration. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:66-75. [PMID: 31956530 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.09.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The adult human heart cannot efficiently generate new cardiac muscle cells in response to injury, and, therefore, cardiac injury results in irreversible damage to cardiac functions. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a crucial animal model in cardiac research because of its remarkable capacity for tissue regeneration. An adult zebrafish can completely regenerate cardiac tissue without a scar being formed, even after 20% of its ventricular myocardium has been resected. Zebrafish have been utilized in developmental biology and genetics research; however, the details of myocardium motions during their cardiac cycle in different regeneration phases are still not fully understood. Methods In this study, we used a 70-MHz high-resolution ultrasound deformation imaging system to observe the functional recovery of zebrafish hearts after amputation of the ventricular apex. Results The myocardial deformation and cardiac output (CO) were measured in different regeneration phases relative to the day of amputation. In response to the damage to the heart, the peak systolic strain (εmax) and strain during ejection time (εej) were lower than normal at 3 days after the myocardium amputation. The CO had normalized to the baseline values at 7 days after surgery. Conclusions Our results confirm that the imaging system constructed for this study is suitable for examining zebrafish cardiac functions during heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ho-Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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6
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Monitoring of Adult Zebrafish Heart Regeneration Using High-Frequency Ultrasound Spectral Doppler and Nakagami Imaging. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19194094. [PMID: 31546705 PMCID: PMC6806172 DOI: 10.3390/s19194094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the feasibility of Nakagami imaging in monitoring the regeneration process of zebrafish hearts in a noninvasive manner. In addition, spectral Doppler waveforms that are typically used to access the diastolic function were measured to validate the performance of Nakagami imaging. A 30-MHz high-frequency ultrasound array transducer was used to acquire backscattered echo signal for spectral Doppler and Nakagami imaging. The performances of both methods were validated with flow and tissue-mimicking phantom experiments. For in vivo experiments, both spectral Doppler and Nakagami imaging were simultaneously obtained from adult zebrafish with amputated hearts. Longitudinal measurements were performed for five zebrafish. From the experiments, the E/A ratio measured using spectral Doppler imaging increased at 3 days post-amputation (3 dpa) and then decreased to the value before amputation, which were consistent with previous studies. Similar results were obtained from the Nakagami imaging where the Nakagami parameter value increased at 3 dpa and decreased to its original value. These results suggested that the Nakagami and spectral Doppler imaging would be useful techniques in monitoring the regeneration of heart or tissues.
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7
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Tang P, Ma S, Dong M, Wang J, Chai S, Liu T, Li J. Effect of interleukin-6 on myocardial regeneration in mice after cardiac injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:303-308. [PMID: 29966974 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in myocardial regeneration from mice after cardiac injury. The newborn mice were divided into the following 4 groups (16 in each group): sham group, model group, IL-6-/- group (IL-6 knockout) and IL-6 group (IL-6 overexpression). Electrocardiography was performed on all mice and found higher LVEDD, LVESD and IVST and lower LVEF and LVFS in the IL-6 group compared with the sham group. Using HE staining, severe myocardial injury combined with infarction and fibrosis were observed in the IL-6-/- group, while the damaged myocardial tissue was repaired to some extent in the IL-6 group. The expression of IL-6 in the IL-6 group were significantly up-regulated. BrdU immunofluorescence found that the IL-6-/- group had the least number of BrdU positive cells, while the IL-6 group had more BrdU positive cells than the model group and the IL-6-/- group. Expressions of IL-6, cyclinD1 and Bcl-2 in the IL-6 group were up-regulated compared with other groups. In conclusion, IL-6 overexpression could enhance cardiomyocyte proliferation and relevant protein expression in mice myocardium, thus promoting cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhe Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Shengjun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mingfeng Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiantang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shoudong Chai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jindong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
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8
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Jin HK, Hwang TY, Cho SH. Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Blood Flow Velocity and Vessel Size. Open Med (Wars) 2017; 12:5-11. [PMID: 28401194 PMCID: PMC5385976 DOI: 10.1515/med-2017-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferential current electrical stimulation alters blood flow velocity and vessel size. We aimed to investigate the changes in the autonomic nervous system depending on electrical stimulation parameters. Forty-five healthy adult male and female subjects were studied. Bipolar adhesive pad electrodes were used to stimulate the autonomic nervous system at the thoracic vertebrae 1-4 levels for 20 min. Using Doppler ultrasonography, blood flow was measured to determine velocity and vessel size before, immediately after, and 30 min after electrical stimulation. Changes in blood flow velocity were significantly different immediately and 30 min after stimulation. The interaction between intervention periods and groups was significantly different between the exercise and pain stimulation groups immediately after stimulation (p<0.05). The vessel size was significantly different before and 30 min after stimulation (p<0.05). Imbalances in the sympathetic nervous system, which regulates balance throughout the body, may present with various symptoms. Therefore, in the clinical practice, the parameters of electrical stimulation should be selectively applied in accordance with various conditions and changes in form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyung Jin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nambu University, Gwangju city, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nambu University, Gwangju city, 23 Cheomdanjungang-ro, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 506-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyoun Cho
- Department of Physical Therapy, Chunnam Techno College, Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
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9
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Wang LW, Huttner IG, Santiago CF, Kesteven SH, Yu ZY, Feneley MP, Fatkin D. Standardized echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function in normal adult zebrafish and heart disease models. Dis Model Mech 2016; 10:63-76. [PMID: 28067629 PMCID: PMC5278526 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.026989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an increasingly popular model organism in cardiovascular research. Major insights into cardiac developmental processes have been gained by studies of embryonic zebrafish. However, the utility of zebrafish for modeling adult-onset heart disease has been limited by a lack of robust methods for in vivo evaluation of cardiac function. We established a physiological protocol for underwater zebrafish echocardiography using high frequency ultrasound, and evaluated its reliability in detecting altered cardiac function in two disease models. Serial assessment of cardiac function was performed in wild-type zebrafish aged 3 to 12 months and the effects of anesthetic agents, age, sex and background strain were evaluated. There was a varying extent of bradycardia and ventricular contractile impairment with different anesthetic drugs and doses, with tricaine 0.75 mmol l−1 having a relatively more favorable profile. When compared with males, female fish were larger and had more measurement variability. Although age-related increments in ventricular chamber size were greater in females than males, there were no sex differences when data were normalized to body size. Systolic ventricular function was similar in both sexes at all time points, but differences in diastolic function were evident from 6 months onwards. Wild-type fish of both sexes showed a reliance on atrial contraction for ventricular diastolic filling. Echocardiographic evaluation of adult zebrafish with diphtheria toxin-induced myocarditis or anemia-induced volume overload accurately identified ventricular dilation and altered contraction, with suites of B-mode, ventricular strain, pulsed-wave Doppler and tissue Doppler indices showing concordant changes indicative of myocardial hypocontractility or hypercontractility, respectively. Repeatability, intra-observer and inter-observer correlations for echocardiographic measurements were high. We demonstrate that high frequency echocardiography allows reliable in vivo cardiac assessment in adult zebrafish and make recommendations for optimizing data acquisition and analysis. This enabling technology reveals new insights into zebrafish cardiac physiology and provides an imaging platform for zebrafish-based translational research. Summary: Standardization of zebrafish echocardiography provides insights into cardiac physiology in normal and diseased states, with application for functional studies in zebrafish models of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis W Wang
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Inken G Huttner
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Celine F Santiago
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Scott H Kesteven
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ze-Yan Yu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michael P Feneley
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia .,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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10
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Ernens I, Lumley AI, Devaux Y, Wagner DR. Use of Coronary Ultrasound Imaging to Evaluate Ventricular Function in Adult Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2016; 13:477-480. [PMID: 27326768 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, imaging of the adult zebrafish heart and assessment of heart failure in adult zebrafish have been very limited. Here, we describe a new method for in vivo imaging of the hypertrabeculated heart of the adult zebrafish using miniaturized cardiac ultrasound catheters obtained from the cardiac catheterization laboratory. This method allows the observation of the ventricle of zebrafish and the assessment of ventricular diameters during diastole and systole, as well as heart rate and fractional shortening. Significant changes in these parameters were detected through the use of an adult zebrafish heart failure model induced by chronic anemia. This imaging technique opens the door to detailed in vivo analysis of the adult heart failure phenotype in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ernens
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Andrew I Lumley
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Yvan Devaux
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Daniel R Wagner
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen, Luxembourg .,2 Division of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg , Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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11
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Brönnimann D, Djukic T, Triet R, Dellenbach C, Saveljic I, Rieger M, Rohr S, Filipovic N, Djonov V. Pharmacological Modulation of Hemodynamics in Adult Zebrafish In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150948. [PMID: 26967155 PMCID: PMC4788458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hemodynamic parameters in zebrafish receive increasing attention because of their important role in cardiovascular processes such as atherosclerosis, hematopoiesis, sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis. To study underlying mechanisms, the precise modulation of parameters like blood flow velocity or shear stress is centrally important. Questions related to blood flow have been addressed in the past in either embryonic or ex vivo-zebrafish models but little information is available for adult animals. Here we describe a pharmacological approach to modulate cardiac and hemodynamic parameters in adult zebrafish in vivo. Materials and Methods Adult zebrafish were paralyzed and orally perfused with salt water. The drugs isoprenaline and sodium nitroprusside were directly applied with the perfusate, thus closely resembling the preferred method for drug delivery in zebrafish, namely within the water. Drug effects on the heart and on blood flow in the submental vein were studied using electrocardiograms, in vivo-microscopy and mathematical flow simulations. Results Under control conditions, heart rate, blood flow velocity and shear stress varied less than ± 5%. Maximal chronotropic effects of isoprenaline were achieved at a concentration of 50 μmol/L, where it increased the heart rate by 22.6 ± 1.3% (n = 4; p < 0.0001). Blood flow velocity and shear stress in the submental vein were not significantly increased. Sodium nitroprusside at 1 mmol/L did not alter the heart rate but increased blood flow velocity by 110.46 ± 19.64% (p = 0.01) and shear stress by 117.96 ± 23.65% (n = 9; p = 0.03). Discussion In this study, we demonstrate that cardiac and hemodynamic parameters in adult zebrafish can be efficiently modulated by isoprenaline and sodium nitroprusside. Together with the suitability of the zebrafish for in vivo-microscopy and genetic modifications, the methodology described permits studying biological processes that are dependent on hemodynamic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brönnimann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tijana Djukic
- BioIRC R&D Bioengineering Center, Prvoslava Stojanovica 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjic 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ramona Triet
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Dellenbach
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Igor Saveljic
- BioIRC R&D Bioengineering Center, Prvoslava Stojanovica 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjic 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Michael Rieger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Rohr
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nenad Filipovic
- BioIRC R&D Bioengineering Center, Prvoslava Stojanovica 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjic 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, United States of America
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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12
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Lee L, Genge CE, Cua M, Sheng X, Rayani K, Beg MF, Sarunic MV, Tibbits GF. Functional Assessment of Cardiac Responses of Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) to Acute and Chronic Temperature Change Using High-Resolution Echocardiography. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145163. [PMID: 26730947 PMCID: PMC4701665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an important organism as a model for understanding vertebrate cardiovascular development. However, little is known about adult ZF cardiac function and how contractile function changes to cope with fluctuations in ambient temperature. The goals of this study were to: 1) determine if high resolution echocardiography (HRE) in the presence of reduced cardiodepressant anesthetics could be used to accurately investigate the structural and functional properties of the ZF heart and 2) if the effect of ambient temperature changes both acutely and chronically could be determined non-invasively using HRE in vivo. Heart rate (HR) appears to be the critical factor in modifying cardiac output (CO) with ambient temperature fluctuation as it increases from 78 ± 5.9 bpm at 18°C to 162 ± 9.7 bpm at 28°C regardless of acclimation state (cold acclimated CA- 18°C; warm acclimated WA- 28°C). Stroke volume (SV) is highest when the ambient temperature matches the acclimation temperature, though this difference did not constitute a significant effect (CA 1.17 ± 0.15 μL at 18°C vs 1.06 ± 0.14 μl at 28°C; WA 1.10 ± 0.13 μL at 18°C vs 1.12 ± 0.12 μl at 28°C). The isovolumetric contraction time (IVCT) was significantly shorter in CA fish at 18°C. The CA group showed improved systolic function at 18°C in comparison to the WA group with significant increases in both ejection fraction and fractional shortening and decreases in IVCT. The decreased early peak (E) velocity and early peak velocity / atrial peak velocity (E/A) ratio in the CA group are likely associated with increased reliance on atrial contraction for ventricular filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lee
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Science, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Christine E. Genge
- Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Science, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Michelle Cua
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Xiaoye Sheng
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Science, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Kaveh Rayani
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Mirza F. Beg
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Marinko V. Sarunic
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Glen F. Tibbits
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Science, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
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Abstract
The ability to repair damaged or lost tissues varies significantly among vertebrates. The regenerative ability of the heart is clinically very relevant, because adult teleost fish and amphibians can regenerate heart tissue, but we mammals cannot. Interestingly, heart regeneration is possible in neonatal mice, but this ability is lost within 7 days after birth. In zebrafish and neonatal mice, lost cardiomyocytes are regenerated via proliferation of spared, differentiated cardiomyocytes. While some cardiomyocyte turnover occurs in adult mammals, the cardiomyocyte production rate is too low in response to injury to regenerate the heart. Instead, mammalian hearts respond to injury by remodeling of spared tissue, which includes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays important roles during vertebrate heart development, and it is re-activated in response to cardiac injury. In this review, we discuss the known functions of this signaling pathway in injured hearts, its involvement in cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy, and potential therapeutic approaches that might promote cardiac repair after injury by modifying Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Regulation of cardiac remodeling by this signaling pathway appears to vary depending on the injury model and the exact stages that have been studied. Thus, conflicting data have been published regarding a potential role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in promotion of fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In addition, the Wnt inhibitory secreted Frizzled-related proteins (sFrps) appear to have Wnt-dependent and Wnt-independent roles in the injured heart. Thus, while the exact functions of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity in response to injury still need to be elucidated in the non-regenerating mammalian heart, but also in regenerating lower vertebrates, manipulation of the pathway is essential for creation of therapeutically useful cardiomyocytes from stem cells in culture. Hopefully, a detailed understanding of the in vivo role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in injured mammalian and non-mammalian hearts will also contribute to the success of current efforts towards developing regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey ; Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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