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Hoyer J, Kolar K, Athira A, van den Burgh M, Dondorp D, Liang Z, Chatzigeorgiou M. Polymodal sensory perception drives settlement and metamorphosis of Ciona larvae. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1168-1182.e7. [PMID: 38335959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The Earth's oceans brim with an incredible diversity of microscopic lifeforms, including motile planktonic larvae, whose survival critically depends on effective dispersal in the water column and subsequent exploration of the seafloor to identify a suitable settlement site. How their nervous systems mediate sensing of diverse multimodal cues remains enigmatic. Here, we uncover that the tunicate Ciona intestinalis larvae employ ectodermal sensory cells to sense various mechanical and chemical cues. Combining whole-brain imaging and chemogenetics, we demonstrate that stimuli encoded at the periphery are sufficient to drive global brain-state changes to promote or impede both larval attachment and metamorphosis behaviors. The ability of C. intestinalis larvae to leverage polymodal sensory perception to support information coding and chemotactile behaviors may explain how marine larvae make complex decisions despite streamlined nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorgen Hoyer
- Michael Sars Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5006, Norway
| | - Kushal Kolar
- Michael Sars Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5006, Norway
| | - Athira Athira
- Michael Sars Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5006, Norway
| | - Meike van den Burgh
- Michael Sars Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5006, Norway
| | - Daniel Dondorp
- Michael Sars Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5006, Norway
| | - Zonglai Liang
- Michael Sars Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5006, Norway
| | - Marios Chatzigeorgiou
- Michael Sars Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5006, Norway.
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Roggenbuck EC, Hall EA, Hanson IB, Roby AA, Zhang KK, Alkatib KA, Carter JA, Clewner JE, Gelfius AL, Gong S, Gordon FR, Iseler JN, Kotapati S, Li M, Maysun A, McCormick EO, Rastogi G, Sengupta S, Uzoma CU, Wolkov MA, Clowney EJ. Let's talk about sex: Mechanisms of neural sexual differentiation in Bilateria. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1636. [PMID: 38185860 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, sexed gonads have evolved that facilitate release of sperm versus eggs, and bilaterian animals purposefully combine their gametes via mating behaviors. Distinct neural circuits have evolved that control these physically different mating events for animals producing eggs from ovaries versus sperm from testis. In this review, we will describe the developmental mechanisms that sexually differentiate neural circuits across three major clades of bilaterian animals-Ecdysozoa, Deuterosomia, and Lophotrochozoa. While many of the mechanisms inducing somatic and neuronal sex differentiation across these diverse organisms are clade-specific rather than evolutionarily conserved, we develop a common framework for considering the developmental logic of these events and the types of neuronal differences that produce sex-differentiated behaviors. This article is categorized under: Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Roggenbuck
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elijah A Hall
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Isabel B Hanson
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alyssa A Roby
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katherine K Zhang
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyle A Alkatib
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph A Carter
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jarred E Clewner
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anna L Gelfius
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shiyuan Gong
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Finley R Gordon
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jolene N Iseler
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Samhita Kotapati
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marilyn Li
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Areeba Maysun
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elise O McCormick
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Geetanjali Rastogi
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Srijani Sengupta
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chantal U Uzoma
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Madison A Wolkov
- MCDB 464 - Cellular Diversity: Sex Differentiation of the Brain, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - E Josephine Clowney
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute Affiliate, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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3
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Temereva E, Rimskaya-Korsakova N. Nuchal organs in the trochophore of Siboglinum fiordicum (Annelida, Siboglinidae). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2023. [PMID: 36859788 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuchal organs are epidermal sensory structures present in most annelids. Based on one of the interpretations, they serve in larval settlement. Siboglinids lack nuchal organs in adult and larval stages, however, larvae of some siboglinids inhabiting seeps and hydrothermal vents are capable of swimming up to 100 km away from their home hydrothermal field to colonize a new one. One question that remains is, what organ are siboglinid larvae using to search and locate suitable substrates? To determine if any nuchal organs are present in siboglinid larvae, we studied the head and sensory apparatus in successive larval stages in a frenulate, Siboglinum fiordicum (Webb, 1963), using transmission electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. In the early trochophore stage, we found an unpaired dorsal organ lying proximal to the posterior prototroch. This organ consists of trochoblast- and "covering" cells. Trochoblasts exhibited serotonin-like immunoreactivity and likely correspond to ciliated supporting cells, where cilia and microvilli project into the olfactory chamber. The "covering" cells are characterized by the presence of large nuclei with numerous pores and thick processes that project into the olfactory chamber, forming the contacts with the trochoblast projections. We have shown for the first time the presence of a nuchal-like organ in annelids as early as the trochophore stage. The presence of this organ in siboglinid trochophores while they are still in the inside the female tube suggests that this structure might be associated with functions other than settlement, such as communication or initiation of the departure from her tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Temereva
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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Purschke G, Helm C. Development and structure of the anterior nervous system and sense organs in the holopelagic annelid Tomopteris spp. (Phyllodocida, Errantia). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-023-00603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTomopteridae are transparent, predatory Annelida inhabiting pelagic ocean zones. Despite being well-known for their fast metachronal swimming and species-specific bioluminescence, our knowledge of morphological adaptations in these fascinating holopelagic worms remains extremely limited. In particular, the evolutionary scenarios and adaptive changes related to the transition from putative benthic ancestors to recent free-swimming groups remain poorly investigated and understood. Therefore, we investigated different taxa and developmental stages within the holopelagic Tomopteridae. We used a comparative morphological approach, including a range of microscopic methods, in our investigations focused on the anterior nervous system and prominent sensory structures, such as nuchal organs and tentacular cirri, in early developmental and adult stages of four tomopterid species. Our data show that Tomopteridae undergo heterochronic, lecithotrophic development with early visibility of adult-like features, which is consistent with earlier investigations. Furthermore, our ultrastructural examinations of the tomopterid nuchal organ highlight the conservativism in the fine structure and development of this prominent polychaete chemosensory organ. Nevertheless, our data indicate ultrastructural differences, such as an extraordinary number of supporting cell types and a bipartite olfactory chamber, potentially related to their pelagic lifestyle. In contrast to previous assumptions, it is shown that the supporting structures in the cirrus-like appendages of the first chaetiger contain prominent intracellular skeletal elements rather than annelid chaetae. These findings highlight the need for further investigations to understand Annelida’s immense morphological diversity of organ systems. Furthermore, our data demonstrate the necessity of functional analyses to understand Annelida’s adaptive radiation of sensory and neuronal structures.
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An optofluidic platform for interrogating chemosensory behavior and brainwide neural representation in larval zebrafish. Nat Commun 2023; 14:227. [PMID: 36641479 PMCID: PMC9840631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying chemosensory processing desires precise chemical cue presentation, behavioral response monitoring, and large-scale neuronal activity recording. Here we present Fish-on-Chips, a set of optofluidic tools for highly-controlled chemical delivery while simultaneously imaging behavioral outputs and whole-brain neuronal activities at cellular resolution in larval zebrafish. These include a fluidics-based swimming arena and an integrated microfluidics-light sheet fluorescence microscopy (µfluidics-LSFM) system, both of which utilize laminar fluid flows to achieve spatiotemporally precise chemical cue presentation. To demonstrate the strengths of the platform, we used the navigation arena to reveal binasal input-dependent behavioral strategies that larval zebrafish adopt to evade cadaverine, a death-associated odor. The µfluidics-LSFM system enables sequential presentation of odor stimuli to individual or both nasal cavities separated by only ~100 µm. This allowed us to uncover brainwide neural representations of cadaverine sensing and binasal input summation in the vertebrate model. Fish-on-Chips is readily generalizable and will empower the investigation of neural coding in the chemical senses.
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Buhre JS, Purschke G. Ultrastructure and functional morphology of the dorsal organs in Scoloplos armiger (Annelida, Sedentaria, Orbiniida). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-021-00545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnnelids and particularly polychaetes possess a great variety of sensory organs and respond to numerous sensory stimuli. Although eyes and nuchal organs are comparatively well studied, the so-called dorsal organs are among the lesser-known sense organs in aquatic annelids. Moreover, they are known to be restricted to only two out of approximately 80 families of polychaetes—Orbiniidae and Spionidae—which are not closely related. These organs have been regarded as segmentally repeated nuchal organs in the latter taxon, but in Orbiniidae, data are lacking, although it is known that the organs occur almost along the entire trunk except for the anterior-most segments. Furthermore, although the nuchal organ ultrastructure is known to be comparatively uniform for many polychaete species, a comparative investigation has not been conducted in Orbiniidae. To bridge this data gap, we examined an intertidal population of the widely distributed species Scoloplos armiger. Although not completely identical, nuchal and dorsal organs show a high degree of correspondence in the examined specimens. Moreover, both organs correspond to the general structure of nuchal organs. They comprise ciliated supportive cells and bipolar receptor cells and are innervated directly from the brain. The supportive cells form subcuticular spaces and olfactory chambers apically protected by specialized microvilli that house the sensory processes—cilia and microvilli—of the monociliated receptor cells. Therefore, it can be concluded that nuchal and dorsal organs are also identical in Orbiniidae. However, despite general correspondence with spionids, convergent evolution in the two taxa appears to be the most parsimonious interpretation.
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Özpolat BD, Randel N, Williams EA, Bezares-Calderón LA, Andreatta G, Balavoine G, Bertucci PY, Ferrier DEK, Gambi MC, Gazave E, Handberg-Thorsager M, Hardege J, Hird C, Hsieh YW, Hui J, Mutemi KN, Schneider SQ, Simakov O, Vergara HM, Vervoort M, Jékely G, Tessmar-Raible K, Raible F, Arendt D. The Nereid on the rise: Platynereis as a model system. EvoDevo 2021; 12:10. [PMID: 34579780 PMCID: PMC8477482 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-021-00180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nereid Platynereis dumerilii (Audouin and Milne Edwards (Annales des Sciences Naturelles 1:195-269, 1833) is a marine annelid that belongs to the Nereididae, a family of errant polychaete worms. The Nereid shows a pelago-benthic life cycle: as a general characteristic for the superphylum of Lophotrochozoa/Spiralia, it has spirally cleaving embryos developing into swimming trochophore larvae. The larvae then metamorphose into benthic worms living in self-spun tubes on macroalgae. Platynereis is used as a model for genetics, regeneration, reproduction biology, development, evolution, chronobiology, neurobiology, ecology, ecotoxicology, and most recently also for connectomics and single-cell genomics. Research on the Nereid started with studies on eye development and spiralian embryogenesis in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Transitioning into the molecular era, Platynereis research focused on posterior growth and regeneration, neuroendocrinology, circadian and lunar cycles, fertilization, and oocyte maturation. Other work covered segmentation, photoreceptors and other sensory cells, nephridia, and population dynamics. Most recently, the unique advantages of the Nereid young worm for whole-body volume electron microscopy and single-cell sequencing became apparent, enabling the tracing of all neurons in its rope-ladder-like central nervous system, and the construction of multimodal cellular atlases. Here, we provide an overview of current topics and methodologies for P. dumerilii, with the aim of stimulating further interest into our unique model and expanding the active and vibrant Platynereis community.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Duygu Özpolat
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
| | - Nadine Randel
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ UK
| | - Elizabeth A. Williams
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Gabriele Andreatta
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Guillaume Balavoine
- Institut Jacques Monod, University of Paris/CNRS, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Paola Y. Bertucci
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Developmental Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David E. K. Ferrier
- Gatty Marine Laboratory, The Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, East Sands, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB UK
| | | | - Eve Gazave
- Institut Jacques Monod, University of Paris/CNRS, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Mette Handberg-Thorsager
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Hardege
- Department of Biological & Marine Sciences, Hull University, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU67RX UK
| | - Cameron Hird
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Yu-Wen Hsieh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jerome Hui
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Nzumbi Mutemi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Developmental Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Q. Schneider
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Oleg Simakov
- Department for Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hernando M. Vergara
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, Howland Street 25, London, W1T 4JG UK
| | - Michel Vervoort
- Institut Jacques Monod, University of Paris/CNRS, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gáspár Jékely
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Florian Raible
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Detlev Arendt
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Developmental Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Whole-body integration of gene expression and single-cell morphology. Cell 2021; 184:4819-4837.e22. [PMID: 34380046 PMCID: PMC8445025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Animal bodies are composed of cell types with unique expression programs that implement their distinct locations, shapes, structures, and functions. Based on these properties, cell types assemble into specific tissues and organs. To systematically explore the link between cell-type-specific gene expression and morphology, we registered an expression atlas to a whole-body electron microscopy volume of the nereid Platynereis dumerilii. Automated segmentation of cells and nuclei identifies major cell classes and establishes a link between gene activation, chromatin topography, and nuclear size. Clustering of segmented cells according to gene expression reveals spatially coherent tissues. In the brain, genetically defined groups of neurons match ganglionic nuclei with coherent projections. Besides interneurons, we uncover sensory-neurosecretory cells in the nereid mushroom bodies, which thus qualify as sensory organs. They furthermore resemble the vertebrate telencephalon by molecular anatomy. We provide an integrated browser as a Fiji plugin for remote exploration of all available multimodal datasets. A cellular atlas integrates gene expression and ultrastructure for an entire annelid Morphometry of all segmented cells, nuclei, and chromatin categorizes cell classes Molecular anatomy and projectome of head ganglionic nuclei and mushroom bodies An open-source browser for multimodal big image data exploration and analysis
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Kuehn E, Stockinger AW, Girard J, Raible F, Özpolat BD. A scalable culturing system for the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226156. [PMID: 31805142 PMCID: PMC6894799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platynereis dumerilii is a marine segmented worm (annelid) with externally fertilized embryos and it can be cultured for the full life cycle in the laboratory. The accessibility of embryos and larvae combined with the breadth of the established molecular and functional techniques has made P. dumerilii an attractive model for studying development, cell lineages, cell type evolution, reproduction, regeneration, the nervous system, and behavior. Traditionally, these worms have been kept in rooms dedicated for their culture. This allows for the regulation of temperature and light cycles, which is critical to synchronizing sexual maturation. However, regulating the conditions of a whole room has limitations, especially if experiments require being able to change culturing conditions. Here we present scalable and flexible culture methods that provide ability to control the environmental conditions, and have a multi-purpose culture space. We provide a closed setup shelving design with proper light conditions necessary for P. dumerilii to mature. We also implemented a standardized method of feeding P. dumerilii cultures with powdered spirulina which relieves the ambiguity associated with using frozen spinach, and helps standardize nutrition conditions across experiments and across different labs. By using these methods, we were able to raise mature P. dumerilii, capable of spawning and producing viable embryos for experimentation and replenishing culture populations. These methods will allow for the further accessibility of P. dumerilii as a model system, and they can be adapted for other aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kuehn
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Jerome Girard
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - B. Duygu Özpolat
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Calarco JA, Samuel ADT. Imaging whole nervous systems: insights into behavior from worms to fish. Nat Methods 2019; 16:14-15. [PMID: 30573822 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-018-0276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A Calarco
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aravinthan D T Samuel
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Williams EA, Jékely G. Neuronal cell types in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 56:106-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Beckers P, Helm C, Purschke G, Worsaae K, Hutchings P, Bartolomaeus T. The central nervous system of Oweniidae (Annelida) and its implications for the structure of the ancestral annelid brain. Front Zool 2019; 16:6. [PMID: 30911320 PMCID: PMC6417257 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-019-0305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent phylogenomic analyses congruently reveal a basal clade which consists of Oweniidae and Mageloniidae as sister group to the remaining Annelida. These results indicate that the last common ancestor of Annelida was a tube-dwelling organism. They also challenge traditional evolutionary hypotheses of different organ systems, among them the nervous system. In textbooks the central nervous system is described as consisting of a ganglionic ventral nervous system and a dorsally located brain with different tracts that connect certain parts of the brain to each other. Only limited information on the fine structure, however, is available for Oweniidae, which constitute the sister group (possibly together with Magelonidae) to all remaining annelids. Results The brain of Oweniidae is ring- shaped and basiepidermal. Ganglia, higher brain centers or complex sensory organs do not exist; instead the central nervous system is medullary. Posterior to the brain the ventral medullary cord arises directly from the ventral region of the brain in Myriowenia sp. while in Owenia fusiformis two medullary cords arise perpendicular to the brain ring, extend caudally and fuse posterior. The central nervous system is composed of a central neuropil and surrounding somata of the neurons. According to ultrastructural and histological data only one type of neuron is present in the central nervous system. Conclusion The central nervous system of Oweniidae is the simplest in terms of enlargement of the dorsal part of the brain and neuron distribution found among Annelida. Our investigation suggests that neither ganglia nor commissures inside the brain neuropil or clusters of polymorphic neurons were present in the annelid stem species. These structures evolved later within Annelida, most likely in the stem lineage of Amphinomidae, Sipuncula and Pleistoannelida. Palps were supposedly present in the last common ancestor of annelids and innervated by two nerves originating in the dorsal part of the brain. A broader comparison with species of each major spiralian clade shows the medullary nervous system to be a common feature and thus possibly representing the ancestral state of the spiralian nervous system. Moreover, ganglia and clusters of polymorphic neurons seemingly evolved independently in the compared taxa of Spiralia and Annelida. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12983-019-0305-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Beckers
- 1Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Conrad Helm
- 2Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology & Anthropology Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Günter Purschke
- 3Department of Developmental Biology and Zoology, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Katrine Worsaae
- 4Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pat Hutchings
- 5Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010 Australia.,6Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109 Australia
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Chartier TF, Deschamps J, Dürichen W, Jékely G, Arendt D. Whole-head recording of chemosensory activity in the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii. Open Biol 2018; 8:180139. [PMID: 30381362 PMCID: PMC6223215 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical detection is key to various behaviours in both marine and terrestrial animals. Marine species, though highly diverse, have been underrepresented so far in studies on chemosensory systems, and our knowledge mostly concerns the detection of airborne cues. A broader comparative approach is therefore desirable. Marine annelid worms with their rich behavioural repertoire represent attractive models for chemosensation. Here, we study the marine worm Platynereis dumerilii to provide the first comprehensive investigation of head chemosensory organ physiology in an annelid. By combining microfluidics and calcium imaging, we record neuronal activity in the entire head of early juveniles upon chemical stimulation. We find that Platynereis uses four types of organs to detect stimuli such as alcohols, esters, amino acids and sugars. Antennae are the main chemosensory organs, compared to the more differentially responding nuchal organs or palps. We report chemically evoked activity in possible downstream brain regions including the mushroom bodies (MBs), which are anatomically and molecularly similar to insect MBs. We conclude that chemosensation is a major sensory modality for marine annelids and propose early Platynereis juveniles as a model to study annelid chemosensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Chartier
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joran Deschamps
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Dürichen
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gáspár Jékely
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Detlev Arendt
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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