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Zhang X, Zhou Y, Wang H, Huang X, Shi Y, Zou Y, Hu X, Li Z, Shi J, Zou X. Energy difference-driven ROS reduction for electrochemical tracking crop growth sensitized with electron-migration nanostructures. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1304:342515. [PMID: 38637032 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Aiming for sustainable crop productivity under changing climate conditions, it is essential to develop handy models for in-situ monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, this work reports a simple electrochemical sensing toward hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for tracking crop growth status sensitized with electron-migration nanostructure. To be specific, Cu-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high HOMO energy level are designed for H2O2 reduction on account of Cu(I)/Cu(II) redox switchability. Importantly, the sensing performance is improved by electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (GO) with ready to use feature. To overcome the shortcomings of traditional liquid electrolytes, conductive hydrogel as semi-solid electrolyte exhibits the adhesive property to the cut plant petiole surface. Benefitting from the preferred composite models and conductive hydrogel, the electrochemical sensing toward H2O2 with high sensitivity and good anti-interference against the coexistent molecules, well qualified for acquiring plant growth status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinai Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Heng Wang
- Lianyungang Customs Integrated Technology Center, Lianyungang, 222042, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Yucheng Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Xuetao Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Zhihua Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Jiyong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
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du Plooy J, Kock B, Jahed N, Iwuoha E, Pokpas K. Carbon Nanostructured Immunosensing of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-Protein Antibodies. Molecules 2023; 28:8022. [PMID: 38138513 PMCID: PMC10745885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The rampant spread and death rate of the recent coronavirus pandemic related to the SARS-CoV-2 respiratory virus have underscored the critical need for affordable, portable virus diagnostics, particularly in resource-limited settings. Moreover, efficient and timely monitoring of vaccine efficacy is needed to prevent future widespread infections. Electrochemical immunosensing poses an effective alternative to conventional molecular spectroscopic approaches, offering rapid, cost-effective, sensitive, and portable electroanalysis of disease biomarkers and antibodies; however, efforts to improve binding efficiency and sensitivity are still being investigated. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in particular have shown promise in improving device sensitivity. This study reports the development of a GQD-functionalized point-of-contamination device leveraging the selective interactions between SARS-CoV-2-specific Spike (S) Protein receptor binding domain (RBD) antigens and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific S-protein antibodies at screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) surfaces. The immunocomplexes formed at the GQD surfaces result in the interruption of the redox reactions that take place in the presence of a redox probe, decreasing the current response. Increased active surface area, conductivity, and binding via EDC/NHS chemistry were achieved due to the nanomaterial inclusion, with 5 nm, blue luminescent GQDs offering the best results. GQD concentration, EDC/NHS ratio, and RBD S-protein incubation time and concentration were optimized for the biosensor, and inter- and intra-screen-printed carbon electrode detection was investigated by calibration studies on multiple and single electrodes. The single electrode used for the entire calibration provided the best results. The label-free immunosensor was able to selectively detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies between 0.5 and 100 ng/mL in the presence of IgM and other coronavirus antibodies with an excellent regression of 0.9599. A LOD of 2.028 ng/mL was found, offering comparable findings to the literature-reported values. The detection sensitivity of the sensor is further compared to non-specific IgM antibodies. The developed GQD immunosensor was compared to other low-oxygen content carbon nanomaterials, namely (i) carbon quantum dot (CQD), (ii) electrochemically reduced graphene oxide, and (iii) carbon black-functionalized devices. The findings suggest that improved electron transfer kinetics and increased active surface area of the CNs, along with surface oxygen content, aid in the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. The novel immunosensor suggests a possible application toward monitoring of IgG antibody production in SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated patients to study immune responses, vaccine efficacy, and lifetime to meet the demands for POC analysis in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Keagan Pokpas
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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