1
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Helle S, Tanskanen AO, Coall DA, Perry G, Daly M, Danielsbacka M. Investment by maternal grandmother buffers children against the impacts of adverse early life experiences. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6815. [PMID: 38514748 PMCID: PMC10957867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Exogenous shocks during sensitive periods of development can have long-lasting effects on adult phenotypes including behavior, survival and reproduction. Cooperative breeding, such as grandparental care in humans and some other mammal species, is believed to have evolved partly in order to cope with challenging environments. Nevertheless, studies addressing whether grandparental investment can buffer the development of grandchildren from multiple adversities early in life are few and have provided mixed results, perhaps owing to difficulties drawing causal inferences from non-experimental data. Using population-based data of English and Welsh adolescents (sample size ranging from 817 to 1197), we examined whether grandparental investment reduces emotional and behavioral problems in children resulting from facing multiple adverse early life experiences (AELEs), by employing instrumental variable regression in a Bayesian structural equation modeling framework to better justify causal interpretations of the results. When children had faced multiple AELEs, the investment of maternal grandmothers reduced, but could not fully erase, their emotional and behavioral problems. No such result was observed in the case of the investment of other grandparent types. These findings indicate that in adverse environmental conditions the investment of maternal grandmothers can improve child wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuli Helle
- INVEST Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Antti O Tanskanen
- Population Research Institute, Väestöliitto, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - David A Coall
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Gretchen Perry
- School of Social Work, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Martin Daly
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mirkka Danielsbacka
- INVEST Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Population Research Institute, Väestöliitto, Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Kappeler PM, Benhaiem S, Fichtel C, Fromhage L, Höner OP, Jennions MD, Kaiser S, Krüger O, Schneider JM, Tuni C, van Schaik J, Goymann W. Sex roles and sex ratios in animals. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:462-480. [PMID: 36307924 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In species with separate sexes, females and males often differ in their morphology, physiology and behaviour. Such sex-specific traits are functionally linked to variation in reproductive competition, mate choice and parental care, which have all been linked to sex roles. At the 150th anniversary of Darwin's theory on sexual selection, the question of why patterns of sex roles vary within and across species remains a key topic in behavioural and evolutionary ecology. New theoretical, experimental and comparative evidence suggests that variation in the adult sex ratio (ASR) is a key driver of variation in sex roles. Here, we first define and discuss the historical emergence of the sex role concept, including recent criticisms and rebuttals. Second, we review the various sex ratios with a focus on ASR, and explore its theoretical links to sex roles. Third, we explore the causes, and especially the consequences, of biased ASRs, focusing on the results of correlational and experimental studies of the effect of ASR variation on mate choice, sexual conflict, parental care and mating systems, social behaviour, hormone physiology and fitness. We present evidence that animals in diverse societies are sensitive to variation in local ASR, even on short timescales, and propose explanations for conflicting results. We conclude with an overview of open questions in this field integrating demography, life history and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Kappeler
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute of Primatology, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Benhaiem
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, D-10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Fichtel
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute of Primatology, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Fromhage
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Ambiotica, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Oliver P Höner
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, D-10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, ANU College of Science, The Australian National University, RN Robertson Building, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Sylvia Kaiser
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Badestr. 13, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Krüger
- Department of Animal Behavior, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jutta M Schneider
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Tuni
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Großhaderner Str 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jaap van Schaik
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Str. 26, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Goymann
- Department of Behavioural Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Str. 6a, D-82319, Seewiesen, Germany
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3
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Hasegawa M. Macroevolutionary analysis of swallows revives the sight-line hypothesis. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-023-03294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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4
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Mobbing for matings: dynamics, plumage correlates, and fitness impacts of conspicuous group extra-pair behaviors in the lark bunting. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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5
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Hasegawa M, Arai E. Extrapair mating opportunity explains the evolutionary transition between the presence and absence of tail ornamentation in swallows. Evol Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-022-10196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Offspring fertility and grandchild survival enhanced by maternal grandmothers in a pre-industrial human society. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3652. [PMID: 33574488 PMCID: PMC7878921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Help is directed towards kin in many cooperative species, but its nature and intensity can vary by context. Humans are one of few species in which grandmothers invest in grandchildren, and this may have served as an important driver of our unusual life history. But helping behaviour is hardly uniform, and insight into the importance of grandmothering in human evolution depends on understanding the contextual expression of helping benefits. Here, we use an eighteenth-nineteenth century pre-industrial genealogical dataset from Finland to investigate whether maternal or paternal grandmother presence (lineage relative to focal individuals) differentially affects two key fitness outcomes of descendants: fertility and survival. We found grandmother presence shortened spacing between births, particularly at younger mother ages and earlier birth orders. Maternal grandmother presence increased the likelihood of focal grandchild survival, regardless of whether grandmothers had grandchildren only through daughters, sons, or both. In contrast, paternal grandmother presence was not associated with descendants' fertility or survival. We discuss these results in terms of current hypotheses for lineage differences in helping outcomes.
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7
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Safari I, Goymann W. The evolution of reversed sex roles and classical polyandry: Insights from coucals and other animals. Ethology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignas Safari
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Ornithologie, Abteilung für Verhaltensneurobiologie Seewiesen Germany
- Coucal Project Chimala Tanzania
- Department of Biology University of Dodoma Dodoma Tanzania
| | - Wolfgang Goymann
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Ornithologie, Abteilung für Verhaltensneurobiologie Seewiesen Germany
- Coucal Project Chimala Tanzania
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8
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Abstract
The duets of birds have intrigued biologists for a long time, yet much remains unknown about the evolution of these striking collective displays. This is partly because previous studies on duet evolution have been biased to songbirds and neglected other bird groups. In songbirds, the absence of migration has been found to predict the occurrence of duetting, indirectlysupporting the idea that duet communication is linked with pair bonding. Here, we used phylogenetic comparative analyses in a sedentary clade of non-songbirds, the barbets (Capitonidae), to reveal new correlates of duet evolution. We found (i) that duets evolved several times independently in different barbet lineages and (ii) that duetting evolved in association with group living (i.e. the presence of helpers or non-breeding adults during the breeding period), but not with sexual monochromatism or habitat type. Our findings are consistent with a duet function in mate guarding and dominance against subordinate group members as well as joint territory defence. Altogether, the results highlight the importance of the social environment for the evolution of collective signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Soma
- Behavioral Neurobiology Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Henrik Brumm
- Communication and Social Behaviour Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Straße, 82319, Seewiesen, Germany
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9
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Safari I, Goymann W, Kokko H. Male-only care and cuckoldry in black coucals: does parenting hamper sex life? Proc Biol Sci 2020; 286:20182789. [PMID: 30966989 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Providing parental care often reduces additional mating opportunities. Paternal care becomes easier to understand if trade-offs between mating and caring remain mild. The black coucal Centropus grillii combines male-only parental care with 50% of all broods containing young sired by another male. To understand how much caring for offspring reduces a male's chance to sire additional young in other males' nests, we matched the production of extra-pair young in each nest with the periods during which potential extra-pair sires were either caring for offspring themselves or when they had no own offspring to care for. We found that males which cared for a clutch were not fully excluded from the pool of competitors for siring young in other males' nests. Instead, the relative siring success showed a temporary dip. Males were approximately 17% less likely to sire young in other males' nests while they were incubating, about 48% less likely to do so while feeding nestlings, followed by 26% when feeding fledglings, compared to the success of males that currently did not care for offspring. These results suggest that real-life care situations by males may involve trade-off structures that differ from, and are less strict than those frequently employed in theoretical considerations of operational sex ratios, sex roles and parenting decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignas Safari
- 1 Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Abteilung für Verhaltensneurobiologie , Eberhard-Gwinner-Straße 6a, 82319 Seewiesen , Germany.,2 Coucal Project , PO Box 26, Chimala , Tanzania.,3 Department of Conservation Biology, University of Dodoma , PO Box 338, Dodoma , Tanzania
| | - Wolfgang Goymann
- 1 Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Abteilung für Verhaltensneurobiologie , Eberhard-Gwinner-Straße 6a, 82319 Seewiesen , Germany.,2 Coucal Project , PO Box 26, Chimala , Tanzania
| | - Hanna Kokko
- 4 Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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10
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Lv L, Zhang Z, Groenewoud F, Kingma SA, Li J, van der Velde M, Komdeur J. Extra-pair mating opportunities mediate parenting and mating effort trade-offs in a songbird. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In socially monogamous species with bi-parental care, males may face a trade-off between providing parental care and pursuing extra-pair matings. The “parenting-mating trade-off” hypothesis predicts that high-quality males—who have greater potential to gain extra-pair matings, for example, larger males usually win the competition for extra-pair mating—should reduce parental care and spend more time looking for extra-pair matings. However, the trade-off between parenting and mating efforts may be complicated by variation in the availability of extra-pair mating opportunities. By using field data of hair-crested drongos (Dicrurus hottentottus), a species exhibiting bi-parental incubation behavior, collected in central China from 2010 to 2017, we tested whether the potential negative relationship between male quality and paternal care was dependent on the number of nearby fertile females. We found that male drongos mainly seek extra-pair matings during the incubation period and high-quality individuals (males with longer tarsi) are more likely to sire extra-pair offspring. In agreement with the “parenting-mating trade-off” hypothesis, high-quality males incubated less by recessing longer between incubation bouts. However, this was only the case when sufficient fertile females nearby for extra-pair mating opportunities. Females compensated for reduced male care, but this was independent of male quality. This suggests that the reduction in care by high-quality males might be a direct response to extra-pair mating opportunities rather than facilitated by differential allocation of females. Our results indicate that individual quality and available mating opportunities may shape the optimal trade-off between parental care and seeking additional matings for males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengwang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Frank Groenewoud
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjouke A Kingma
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jianqiang Li
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Marco van der Velde
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Komdeur
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Lyu N, Servedio MR, Lloyd H, Sun Y. The evolution of postpairing male mate choice. Evolution 2017; 71:1465-1477. [PMID: 28369908 PMCID: PMC5518233 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of empirical studies in animals have demonstrated male mate choice. However, little is known about the evolution of postpairing male choice, specifically which occurs by differential allocation of male parental care in response to female signals. We use a population genetic model to examine whether such postpairing male mate choice can evolve when males face a trade-off between parental care and extra-pair copulations (EPCs). Specifically, we assume that males allocate more effort to providing parental care when mated to preferred (signaling) females, but they are then unable to allocate additional effort to seek EPCs. We find that both male preference and female signaling can evolve in this situation, under certain conditions. First, this evolution requires a relatively large difference in parental investment between males mated to preferred versus nonpreferred females. Second, whether male choice and female signaling alleles become fixed in a population versus cycle in their frequencies depends on the additional fecundity benefits from EPCs that are gained by choosy males. Third, less costly female signals enable both signaling and choice alleles to evolve under more relaxed conditions. Our results also provide a new insight into the evolution of sexual conflict over parental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101People's Republic of China
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Maria R. Servedio
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Huw Lloyd
- Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, School of Science and the EnvironmentManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUnited Kingdom
| | - Yue‐Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101People's Republic of China
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12
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Landgraf C, Wilhelm K, Wirth J, Weiss M, Kipper S. Affairs happen-to whom? A study on extrapair paternity in common nightingales. Curr Zool 2017; 63:421-431. [PMID: 29492002 PMCID: PMC5804193 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zox024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most birds engage in extrapair copulations despite great differences across and within species. Besides cost and benefit considerations of the two sex environmental factors have been found to alter mating strategies within or between populations and/or over time. For socially monogamous species, the main advantage that females might gain from mating with multiple males is probably increasing their offspring’s genetic fitness. Since male (genetic) quality is mostly not directly measurable for female birds, (extrapair) mate choice is based on male secondary traits. In passerines male song is such a sexual ornament indicating male phenotypic and/or genetic quality and song repertoires seem to affect female mate choice in a number of species. Yet their role in extrapair mating behavior is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the proportion of extrapair paternity (EPP) in a population of common nightingales Luscinia megarhynchos. We found that EPP rate was rather high (21.5% of all offspring tested) for a species without sexual dimorphism and high levels of paternal care. Furthermore, the occurrence of EPP was strongly related to the spatial distribution of male territories with males settling in densely occupied areas having higher proportions of extrapair young within their own brood. Also, song repertoire size affected EPP: here larger repertoires of social mates were negatively related to the probability of being cuckolded. When directly comparing repertoires sizes of social and extrapair mates, extrapair mates tended to have larger repertoires. We finally discuss our results as a hint for a flexible mating strategy in nightingales where several factors—including ecological as well as male song features—need to be considered when studying reproductive behavior in monogamous species with complex song.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conny Landgraf
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany.,Animal Behavior Group, Free University of Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wilhelm
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jutta Wirth
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Weiss
- Animal Behavior Group, Free University of Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Exposition, Unit Epidemiology, Statistics and Mathematical Modelling, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Kipper
- Animal Behavior Group, Free University of Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Chair of Zoology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 4, 85350 Freising, Germany
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13
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Thomson CE, Bayer F, Crouch N, Farrell S, Heap E, Mittell E, Zurita-Cassinello M, Hadfield JD. Selection on parental performance opposes selection for larger body mass in a wild population of blue tits. Evolution 2017; 71:716-732. [PMID: 28106259 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There is abundant evidence in many taxa for positive directional selection on body size, and yet little evidence for microevolutionary change. In many species, variation in body size is partly determined by the actions of parents, so a proposed explanation for stasis is the presence of a negative genetic correlation between direct and parental effects. Consequently, selecting genes for increased body size would result in a correlated decline in parental effects, reducing body size in the following generation. We show that these arguments implicitly assume that parental care is cost free, and that including a cost alters the predicted genetic architectures needed to explain stasis. Using a large cross-fostered population of blue tits, we estimate direct selection on parental effects for body mass, and show it is negative. Negative selection is consistent with a cost to parental care, mainly acting through a reduction in current fecundity rather than survival. Under these conditions, evolutionary stasis is possible for moderately negative genetic correlations between direct and parental effects. This is in contrast to the implausibly extreme correlations needed when care is assumed to be cost-free. Thus, we highlight the importance of accounting correctly for complete selection acting on traits across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Thomson
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom.,Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Bayer
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Crouch
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Illinois, Illinois, USA
| | - Samantha Farrell
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Heap
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Mittell
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mar Zurita-Cassinello
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jarrod D Hadfield
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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14
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Deal NDS, Gravolin I, Wong BBM. The Influence of Parental Status on Courtship Effort in a Paternal Caring Fish. Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaac Gravolin
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Bob B. M. Wong
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
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15
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Chronically time-in or intermittently time-out? Differentiating time-out from a shortage of opportunities. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Chutter C, Redmond L, Cooper N, Dolan A, Duffield D, Murphy M. Paternal behaviour in a socially monogamous but sexually promiscuous passerine bird. BEHAVIOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We documented parental behaviour and paternity of eastern kingbirds (Tyrannus tyrannus) to test the predictions that paternal care would decline with increasing loss of paternity, increasing nesting density (a proxy for probability of paternity loss), male quality, and number of fertile females available in the population. Extra-pair young were found in 58% of 45 nests for which behaviour was recorded and a higher proportion of young were extra-pair as nesting density increased. Male feeding rate declined with increasing nesting density and male quality, but neither feeding rate nor a composite measure of paternal behaviour varied with number of fertile females or paternity. Although alternative explanations exist, one interpretation of the reduced paternal care at high nesting density was that it was a response to perceived threats of paternity loss. The ultimate basis for the lower paternal effort of higher quality males is unclear but we discuss several possible explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Chutter
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Ministry of Advanced Education, 313-4529 West Saanich Road, Victoria BC, Canada V8Z 3G3
| | - Lucas J. Redmond
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Pennsylvania State University — Schuylkill Campus, 200 University Drive, Schuylkill Haven, PA 17972, USA
| | - Nathan W. Cooper
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Amy C. Dolan
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Department of Biology, Northern State University, MJ224, 1200 South Jay Street, Aberdeen, SD 57401, USA
| | - Deborah Duffield
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Michael T. Murphy
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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17
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Schacht R, Borgerhoff Mulder M. Sex ratio effects on reproductive strategies in humans. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:140402. [PMID: 26064588 PMCID: PMC4448795 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.140402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Characterizations of coy females and ardent males are rooted in models of sexual selection that are increasingly outdated. Evolutionary feedbacks can strongly influence the sex roles and subsequent patterns of sex differentiated investment in mating effort, with a key component being the adult sex ratio (ASR). Using data from eight Makushi communities of southern Guyana, characterized by varying ASRs contingent on migration, we show that even within a single ethnic group, male mating effort varies in predictable ways with the ASR. At male-biased sex ratios, men's and women's investment in mating effort are indistinguishable; only when men are in the minority are they more inclined towards short-term, low investment relationships than women. Our results support the behavioural ecological tenet that reproductive strategies are predictable and contingent on varying situational factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Schacht
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Author for correspondence: Ryan Schacht e-mail:
| | - Monique Borgerhoff Mulder
- Department of Anthropology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Population Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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18
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Providing parental care entails variable mating opportunity costs for male Temminck’s stints. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Crino OL, Driscoll SC, Breuner CW. Corticosterone exposure during development has sustained but not lifelong effects on body size and total and free corticosterone responses in the zebra finch. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 196:123-9. [PMID: 24188885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Animals exposed to stress during development experience sustained morphological, physiological, neurological, and behavioral consequences. For example, elevated glucocorticoids (GCs) during development can increase GC secretion in adults. Studies have examined the sustained effects of elevated developmental GCs on total GC responses, but no study to date has examined the effect of developmental stress on corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG). CBG is a protein which binds to GCs and facilitates their transportation in blood. When bound to CBG, GCs are unavailable to interact with target tissues. Exposure to stress can decrease CBG capacity and, thus, increase free GCs (the portion of unbound GCs). We examined the long-term effects of elevated corticosterone (CORT) during development (12-28days post-hatch) on acute stress responses, negative feedback, and CBG capacity at 30, 60, and 90days post-hatch in zebra finches. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of CORT treatment on body size and condition at 28, 60, and 90days post-hatch. CORT exposed birds had higher acute stress responses at 30days post-hatch compared to control birds. However, there was no treatment effect at 60 or 90days post-hatch. CBG levels were not affected by treatment, and so free CORT estimations reflected patterns in total CORT. CORT treatment decreased growth and condition in zebra finches at 28days post-hatch, but these differences were not present at later life history stages. However, brood size had a sustained effect on body size such that birds reared in medium sized broods were larger at 28, 60, and 90days post-hatch. These results demonstrate the complexity of early environmental effects on adult phenotype and suggest that some conditions may have stronger programmatic effects than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- O L Crino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, 2122 New South Wales, Australia; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States.
| | - Stephanie C Driscoll
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - C W Breuner
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
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20
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Savage JL, Russell AF, Johnstone RA. Maternal costs in offspring production affect investment rules in joint rearing. Behav Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ars203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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21
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Kiss D, Hegyi G, Török J, Rosivall B. The relationship between maternal ornamentation and feeding rate is explained by intrinsic nestling quality. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Pryke SR, Astheimer LB, Griffith SC, Buttemer WA. Covariation in life-history traits: differential effects of diet on condition, hormones, behavior, and reproduction in genetic finch morphs. Am Nat 2012; 179:375-90. [PMID: 22322225 DOI: 10.1086/664078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors in determining variation in life-history traits is of central interest to evolutionary biologists, but the physiological mechanisms underlying these traits are still poorly understood. Here we experimentally demonstrate opposing effects of nutritional stress on immune function, endocrine physiology, parental care, and reproduction between red and black head-color morphs of the Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae). Although the body condition of black morphs was largely unaffected by diet manipulation, red birds were highly sensitive to dietary changes, exhibiting considerable within-individual changes in condition and immune function. Consequently, nutritionally stressed red birds delayed breeding, produced smaller broods, and reared fewer and lower-quality foster offspring than black morphs. Differences in offspring quality were largely due to morph-specific differences in parental effort: red morphs reduced parental provisioning, whereas black morphs adaptively elevated their provisioning effort to meet the increased nutritional demands of their foster brood. Nutritionally stressed genetic morphs also exhibited divergent glucocorticoid responses. Black morphs showed reduced corticosterone-binding globulin (CBG) concentrations and increased levels of free corticosterone, whereas red morphs exhibited reduced free corticosterone levels and elevated CBG concentrations. These opposing glucocorticoid responses highlight intrinsic differences in endocrine sensitivities and plasticity between genetic morphs, which may underlie the morph-specific differences in condition, behavior, and reproduction and thus ultimately contribute to the evolution and maintenance of color polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Pryke
- School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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23
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Kazama K, Niizuma Y, Watanuki Y. Consistent individual variations in aggressiveness and a behavioral syndrome across breeding contexts in different environments in the Black-tailed Gull. J ETHOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-011-0324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Mariette MM, Griffith SC. Conspecific attraction and nest site selection in a nomadic species, the zebra finch. OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.20014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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LaBarbera K, Lovette IJ, Llambías PE. Mating opportunities, paternity, and sexual conflict: paternal care in northern and southern temperate house wrens. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-011-1273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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26
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Hill DL, Lindström J, Nager RG. Carry-over effects of male extra-pair copulation opportunity on biparental effort in zebra finches. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-011-1214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Do male desert gobies compromise offspring care to attract additional mating opportunities? PLoS One 2011; 6:e20576. [PMID: 21687677 PMCID: PMC3110788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Males often play a critical role in offspring care but the time and energy invested in looking after young can potentially limit their ability to seek out additional mating opportunities. Recent studies, however, suggest that a conflict between male parental effort and mating effort may not always be inevitable, especially if breeding occurs near the nest, or if parental behaviours are under sexual selection. Accordingly, we set out to experimentally investigate male care and courtship in the desert goby Chlamydogobius eremius, a nest-guarding fish with exclusive paternal care. Despite courtship occurring near the nest, we found that when egg-tending males were given the opportunity to attract additional females, they fanned their eggs less often, engaged in shorter fanning bouts, and spent more of their time outside their nests courting. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the circumstances under which reproductive tradeoffs are expected to occur and how these, in turn, operate to influence male reproductive decisions.
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28
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Anmarkrud JA, Kleven O, Augustin J, Bentz KH, Blomqvist D, Fernie KJ, Magrath MJL, Pärn H, Quinn JS, Robertson RJ, Szép T, Tarof S, Wagner RH, Lifjeld JT. Factors affecting germline mutations in a hypervariable microsatellite: a comparative analysis of six species of swallows (Aves: Hirundinidae). Mutat Res 2011; 708:37-43. [PMID: 21291898 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Microsatellites mutate frequently by replication slippage. Empirical evidence shows that the probability of such slippage mutations may increase with the length of the repeat region as well as exposure to environmental mutagens, but the mutation rate can also differ between the male and female germline. It has been hypothesized that more intense sexual selection or sperm competition can also lead to elevated mutation rates, but the empirical evidence is inconclusive. Here, we analyzed the occurrence of germline slippage mutations in the hypervariable pentanucleotide microsatellite locus HrU10 across six species of swallow (Aves: Hirundinidae). These species exhibit marked differences in the length range of the microsatellite, as well as differences in the intensity of sperm competition. We found a strong effect of microsatellite length on the probability of mutation, but no residual effect of species or their level of sperm competition when the length effect was accounted for. Neither could we detect any difference in mutation rate between tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) breeding in Hamilton Harbour, Ontario, an industrial site with previous documentation of elevated mutation rates for minisatellite DNA, and a rural reference population. However, our cross-species analysis revealed two significant patterns of sex differences in HrU10 germline mutations: (1) mutations in longer alleles occurred typically in the male germline, those in shorter alleles in the female germline, and (2) male germline mutations were more often expansions than contractions, whereas no directional bias was evident in the female germline. These results indicate some fundamental differences in male and female gametogenesis affecting the probability of slippage mutations. Our study also reflects the value of a comparative, multi-species approach for locus-specific mutation analyses, through which a wider range of influential factors can be assessed than in single-species studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarl A Anmarkrud
- National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway.
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29
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Brazill-Boast J, van Rooij E, Pryke SR, Griffith SC. Interference from long-tailed finches constrains reproduction in the endangered Gouldian finch. J Anim Ecol 2010; 80:39-48. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Pryke SR, Griffith SC. Maternal adjustment of parental effort in relation to mate compatibility affects offspring development. Behav Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arp180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Pryke SR, Griffith SC. Socially mediated trade-offs between aggression and parental effort in competing color morphs. Am Nat 2009; 174:455-64. [PMID: 19689213 DOI: 10.1086/605376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Individuals often face trade-offs between investment in parental care and alternative investments of time, energy, and resources into other life-history components, such as dominance, attractiveness, and health. Selection is thought to promote the optimal balance between the costs and the benefits of these conflicting activities by favoring individuals that adopt different tactics to maximize their overall evolutionary fitness in different environments. To test this, we experimentally manipulate both aggression (i.e., competitive environment) and parental effort (i.e., brood size) in red and black morphs of the Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae). Although aggressive red males provide parental effort comparable to that of black males in environments where competition is low, irrespective of their relative brood size, they severely reduce or abandon parental investment in highly competitive environments. In contrast, nonaggressive black males are largely unaffected by the competitive environment and instead adaptively adjust their provisioning effort to the relative demands of their brood. Consequently, in highly competitive environments, although dominant red males defend higher-quality nest sites, they produce fewer and lower-quality offspring (in terms of mass and immunocompetence) than black males do. These opposing effects of frequency-dependent competitive environments on red and black males underlie their differential trade-offs between the costs and the benefits of aggression and parental effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Pryke
- Department of Brain, Behaviour, and Evolution, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2019, Australia.
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32
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33
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Rosvall KA. Do males offset the cost of female aggression? An experimental test in a biparental songbird. Behav Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arp167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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34
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Hammers M, von Engelhardt N, Langmore NE, Komdeur J, Griffith SC, Magrath MJ. Mate-guarding intensity increases with breeding synchrony in the colonial fairy martin, Petrochelidon ariel. Anim Behav 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Muller MN, Marlowe FW, Bugumba R, Ellison PT. Testosterone and paternal care in East African foragers and pastoralists. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:347-54. [PMID: 18826936 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 'challenge hypothesis' posits that testosterone facilitates reproductive effort (investment in male-male competition and mate-seeking) at the expense of parenting effort (investment in offspring and mates). Multiple studies, primarily in North America, have shown that men in committed relationships, fathers, or both maintain lower levels of testosterone than unpaired men. Data from non-western populations, however, show inconsistent results. We hypothesized that much of this cross-cultural variation can be attributed to differential investment in mating versus parenting effort, even among married fathers. Here, we directly test this idea by comparing two neighbouring Tanzanian groups that exhibit divergent styles of paternal involvement: Hadza foragers and Datoga pastoralists. We predicted that high levels of paternal care by Hadza fathers would be associated with decreased testosterone in comparison with non-fathers, and that no such difference between fathers and non-fathers would be evident in Datoga men, who provide minimal direct paternal care. Twenty-seven Hadza men and 80 Datoga men between the ages of 17 and 60 provided morning and afternoon saliva samples from which testosterone was assayed. Measurements in both populations confirmed these predictions, adding further support to the hypothesis that paternal care is associated with decreased testosterone production in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin N Muller
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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36
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Rose AP. Temporal and individual variation in offspring provisioning by tree swallows: a new method of automated nest attendance monitoring. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4111. [PMID: 19119316 PMCID: PMC2606023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the ecology and evolution of avian nesting behavior have been limited by the difficulty and expense of sampling nest attendance behavior across entire days or throughout a substantial portion of the nestling period. Direct observation of nesting birds using human observers and most automated devices requires sub-sampling of the nestling period, which does not allow for the quantification of the duration of chick-feeding by parents within a day, and may also inadequately capture temporal variation in the rate at which chicks are fed. Here I describe an inexpensive device, the Automated Perch Recorder (APR) system, which collects accurate, long-term data on hourly rates of nest visitation, the duration of a pair's workday, and the total number of visits the pair makes to their nest across the entire period for which it is deployed. I also describe methods for verifying the accuracy of the system in the field, and several examples of how these data can be used to explore the causes of variation in and tradeoffs between the rate at which birds feed their chicks and the total length of time birds spend feeding chicks in a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Rose
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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37
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García-Vigón E, Cordero PJ, Veiga JP. Exogenous testosterone in female spotless starlings reduces their rate of extrapair offspring. Anim Behav 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Schwagmeyer PL, Bartlett TL, Schwabl HG. Dynamics of House Sparrow Biparental Care: What Contexts Trigger Partial Compensation? Ethology 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Sih A, Bell AM. Insights for Behavioral Ecology from Behavioral Syndromes. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 2008; 38:227-281. [PMID: 24991063 PMCID: PMC4075144 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3454(08)00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sih
- Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Alison M Bell
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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40
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41
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42
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Boothroyd LG, Jones BC, Burt DM, Cornwell RE, Little AC, Tiddeman BP, Perrett DI. Facial masculinity is related to perceived age but not perceived health. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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Wakano JY, Ihara Y. Evolution of Male Parental Care and Female Multiple Mating: Game‐Theoretical and Two‐Locus Diploid Models. Am Nat 2005; 166:E32-44. [PMID: 16032569 DOI: 10.1086/431252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2004] [Accepted: 03/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Males gain a fitness benefit by mating with many females, whereas the number of progeny per female does not increase as a function of additional mates. Furthermore, males run the risk of investing in the offspring of other males if they provide parental care. Nevertheless, in various species, males provide parental care, and females mate with multiple males. We investigate a game-theoretical model in which females gain a direct benefit by multiple mating from the paternal care they elicit for their offspring. The parameters that directly favor male parental care, such as small cost of paternal care, have indirect positive effects on the evolution of female multiple mating, while they have negative effects in the opposite case. Both traits are more likely to evolve when the number of matings is smaller. The individual-based model of a diploid two-locus, two-allelic genetic model confirms the result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Yuichiro Wakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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44
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Spencer KA. Behavioural and energetic responses to body state in male and female barn swallows (Hirundo rustica). Zoolog Sci 2005; 22:437-43. [PMID: 15846052 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.22.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Females and males often have different roles when attending young. The factors responsible for shifts in the balance of effort when both sexes provision their young are not clear. This study asked if sex-specific behaviour and provisioning rules in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) were dependent on individual body-state or affected by the state of their provisioning partner. To assess this male and female barn swallows underwent overnight warming manipulations whilst provisioning 10-14 day old nestlings, a time when energetic demands are maximal. The overnight warming treatment reduced thermoregulatory costs and provided birds with extra energy reserves at dawn. Only one member of a pair was manipulated in this way, whilst their partners were left un-manipulated to assess their response to their partner's elevated body-state. The energetic and behavioural responses to these manipulations were followed over the subsequent 24-h. I found that warmed male and female barn swallows increased their energy expenditure and nest visitation rates to the same extent after manipulation, implying a trade-off in resource allocation, which was biased towards reproductive effort. There was no effect of gender. Males paired with manipulated females showed no energetic or behavioural adjustments, however, females paired with manipulated males tended to increase both energy expenditure and nest visitation. This study provides evidence that energy reserves constrain behaviour, and that male and female swallows normally follow the same state-dependent rules when provisioning young.
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45
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Bouwman KM, Lessells CM, Komdeur J. Male reed buntings do not adjust parental effort in relation to extrapair paternity. Behav Ecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ari021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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46
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47
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Schwagmeyer P, Schwabl HG, Mock DW. Dynamics of biparental care in house sparrows: hormonal manipulations of paternal contributions. Anim Behav 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Dalgleish EA, Elgar MA. Breeding ecology of the rainforest dung beetle Cephalodesmius armiger (Scarabaeidae) in Tooloom National Park. AUST J ZOOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1071/zo04067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ecology of the rainforest dung beetle Cephalodesmius armiger was investigated in Tooloom National Park, within the high-altitude rainforest of north-east New South Wales. We observed considerable overlap in the brood-rearing stages of the breeding cycle. The operational sex ratio was female-biased. Biparental care is provided in this species, but it is not obligatory; females reared one brood either in partnership with a male or alone, and males did or did not pair with a female and rear a brood. There was spatial variation in the density of burrows. The availability of brood-burrows for brood rearing appears to be limited and evidence of the recycling of brood-burrows was collected for the first time. We suggest that the temporal variation in the breeding cycle arises from individual variation in the development and degeneration of the reproductive organs, rather than ecological factors favouring burrow and larder preparation. The female-biased operation sex ratio may result in males being more selective in their choice of mates than females and less committed to brood rearing.
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49
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Neodorf DLH. Extrapair Paternity in Birds: Understanding Variation Among Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1093/auk/121.2.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane L. H. Neodorf
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 2116, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas 77341, USA
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50
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Lislevand T, Byrkjedal I, Gronstol GB, Hafsmo JE, Kallestad GR, Larsen VA. Incubation Behaviour in Northern Lapwings: Nocturnal Nest Attentiveness and Possible Importance of Individual Breeding Quality. Ethology 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2004.00967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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