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Rambabu S, Parthasarathy P, Ratna kishore V. A numerical investigation to determine longitudinal dispersion coefficient in ideal and randomized reticulated porous structures using transient direct pore level simulation. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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2
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Zhang J, Wang W, Li Z, Wang H, Wang Q, Mi Z. Evaluation of a random displacement model for scalar mixing in ecological channels partially covered with vegetation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:31281-31293. [PMID: 36445520 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The flow structure in natural rivers may change due to the disturbance of vegetation, further affecting the transport of pollutants and sediment (Liu et al. 2020). In this paper, the random displacement model (RDM) is presented to study the material transport in the emergent vegetated flow by predicting the longitudinal dispersion coefficient (LDC), which plays an important role in the longitudinal transport of pollutants in natural rivers covered by emergent vegetation. RDM can be applied for the analysis of the vegetated flow provided that the velocity distribution and the turbulent diffusion coefficient distribution remain known. According to the experimental data on velocity and Reynolds stress, the flow field was divided into four sub-zones along the cross-sectional area where the transverse distribution of the longitudinal velocity and also transverse turbulent diffusion coefficient were determined. Moreover, the simulated results of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient were verified by using the previously measured data. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of RDM parameters was carried out. In comparison with the shear layer width and the velocity difference, the impact of vegetation zone width on the longitudinal dispersion coefficient was greater, but the model was fundamentally stable, further confirming that the analytical model can be reliable for predicting the longitudinal dispersion coefficient in the vegetated open-channel flow. Accurately estimating the longitudinal dispersion coefficient is useful for understanding the transport and fate of pollutants in river channels and, thereby, for exploring the sustainable development of the river ecological environment, as well as optimizing the planning and design of river course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Zhanbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Huilin Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qingjing Wang
- Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Zhangyi Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
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Luzi CD, Martinez OM, Barreto GF. Effect of radial velocity profiles on axial dispersion in packed beds: asymptotic behaviour. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-021-00141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Trunk S, Brix A, Freund H. Development and evaluation of a new particle tracking solver for hydrodynamic and mass transport characterization of porous media – A case study on periodic open cellular structures. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Mangal D, Palmer JC, Conrad JC. Nanoparticle dispersion in porous media: Effects of array geometry and flow orientation. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:015102. [PMID: 34412201 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.015102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of array geometry and flow orientation on transport of finite-sized particles in ordered arrays using Stokesian dynamics simulations. We find that quiescent diffusion is independent of array geometry over the range of volume fraction of the nanoposts examined. Longitudinal dispersion under flow depends on the direction of incident flow relative to the array lattice vectors. Taylor-Aris behavior is recovered for flow along the lattice directions, whereas a nonmonotonic dependence of the dispersion coefficient on the Péclet number is obtained for flow orientations slightly perturbed from certain lattice vectors, owing to a competition between directional locking and spatial velocity variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Mangal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Jeremy C Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Jacinta C Conrad
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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Mangal D, Conrad JC, Palmer JC. Nanoparticle dispersion in porous media: Effects of hydrodynamic interactions and dimensionality. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Mangal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas USA
| | - Jacinta C. Conrad
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas USA
| | - Jeremy C. Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas USA
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Schure MR, Maier RS. Ellipsoidal particles for liquid chromatography: Fluid mechanics, efficiency and wall effects. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1580:30-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hlushkou D, Piatrusha S, Tallarek U. Impact of diffusion on transverse dispersion in two-dimensional ordered and random porous media. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:063108. [PMID: 28709263 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.063108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Solute dispersion in fluid flow results from the interaction between advection and diffusion. The relative contributions of these two mechanisms to mass transport are characterized by the reduced velocity ν, also referred to as the Péclet number. In the absence of diffusion (i.e., when the solute diffusion coefficient D_{m}=0 and ν→∞), divergence-free laminar flow of an incompressible fluid results in a zero-transverse dispersion coefficient (D_{T}=0), both in ordered and random two-dimensional porous media. We demonstrate by numerical simulations that a more realistic realization of the condition ν→∞ using D_{m}≠0 and letting the fluid flow velocity approach infinity leads to completely different results for ordered and random two-dimensional porous media. With increasing reduced velocity, D_{T} approaches an asymptotic value in ordered two-dimensional porous media but grows linearly in disordered (random) structures depending on the geometrical disorder of a structure: a higher degree of heterogeneity results in a stronger growth of D_{T} with ν. The obtained results reveal that disorder in the geometrical structure of a two-dimensional porous medium leads to a growth of D_{T} with ν even in a uniform pore-scale advection field; however, lateral diffusion is a prerequisite for this growth. By contrast, in ordered two-dimensional porous media the presence of lateral diffusion leads to a plateau for the transverse dispersion coefficient with increasing ν.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitry Hlushkou
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stanislau Piatrusha
- Laboratory of Electron Kinetics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Ossipyan Strasse 2, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia.,Laboratory of Topological Quantum Phenomena in Superconducting Systems, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Per. 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ulrich Tallarek
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Comparison of first and second generation analytical silica monoliths by pore-scale simulations of eddy dispersion in the bulk region. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1303:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Evaluation of longitudinal dispersion coefficient in open-cell foams using transient direct pore level simulation. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bruns S, Stoeckel D, Smarsly BM, Tallarek U. Influence of particle properties on the wall region in packed capillaries. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1268:53-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Khirevich S, Höltzel A, Seidel-Morgenstern A, Tallarek U. Geometrical and topological measures for hydrodynamic dispersion in confined sphere packings at low column-to-particle diameter ratios. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1262:77-91. [PMID: 23000179 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
At low column-to-particle diameter (or aspect) ratio (d(c)/d(p)) the kinetic column performance is dominated by the transcolumn disorder that arises from the morphological gradient between the more homogeneous, looser packed wall region and the random, dense core. For a systematic analysis of this morphology-dispersion relation we computer-generated a set of confined sphere packings varying three parameters: aspect ratio (d(c)/d(p)=10-30), bed porosity (ɛ=0.40-0.46), and packing homogeneity. Plate height curves were received from simulation of hydrodynamic dispersion in the packings over a wide range of reduced velocities (v=0.5-500). Geometrical measures derived from radial porosity and velocity profiles were insufficient as morphological descriptors of the plate height data. After Voronoi tessellation of the packings, topological information was obtained from the statistical moments of the free Voronoi volume (V(free)) distributions. The radial profile of the standard deviation of the V(free) distributions in the form of an integral measure was identified as a quantitative scalar measure for the transcolumn disorder. The first morphology-dispersion correlation for confined sphere packings deepens our understanding of how the packing microstructure determines the kinetic column performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei Khirevich
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Daneyko A, Hlushkou D, Khirevich S, Tallarek U. From random sphere packings to regular pillar arrays: Analysis of transverse dispersion. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1257:98-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Koku H, Maier RS, Schure MR, Lenhoff AM. Modeling of dispersion in a polymeric chromatographic monolith. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1237:55-63. [PMID: 22465685 PMCID: PMC3327764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dispersion in a commercial polymeric monolith was simulated on a sample geometry obtained by direct imaging using high-resolution electron microscopy. A parallelized random walk algorithm, implemented using a velocity field obtained previously by the lattice-Boltzmann method, was used to model mass transfer. Both point particles and probes of finite size were studied. Dispersion simulations with point particles using periodic boundaries resulted in plate heights that varied almost linearly with flow rate, at odds with the weaker dependence suggested by experimental observations and predicted by theory. This discrepancy resulted from the combined effect of the artificial symmetry in the velocity field and the periodic boundaries implemented to emulate macroscopic column lengths. Eliminating periodicity and simulating a single block length instead resulted in a functional dependence of plate heights on flow rate more in accord with experimental trends and theoretical predictions for random media. The lower values of the simulated plate heights than experimental ones are attributed in part to the presence of walls in real systems, an effect not modeled by the algorithm. On the other hand, analysis of transient dispersion coefficients and comparison of lateral particle positions at the entry and exit hinted at non-asymptotic behavior and a strong degree of correlation that was presumably a consequence of preferential high-velocity pathways in the raw sample block. Simulations with finite-sized probes resulted in particle trajectories that frequently terminated at narrow constrictions of the geometry. The amount of entrapment was predicted to increase monotonically with flow rate, evidently due to the relative contributions to transport by convection that carries particles to choke-points and diffusion that dislodges these entrapped particles. The overall effect is very similar to a flow-dependent entrapment phenomenon previously observed experimentally for adenovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Koku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robert S. Maier
- Information Technology Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Mark R. Schure
- Theoretical Separation Science Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Abraham M. Lenhoff
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Daneyko A, Khirevich S, Höltzel A, Seidel-Morgenstern A, Tallarek U. From random sphere packings to regular pillar arrays: Effect of the macroscopic confinement on hydrodynamic dispersion. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8231-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Hlushkou D, Bruns S, Seidel-Morgenstern A, Tallarek U. Morphology-transport relationships for silica monoliths: From physical reconstruction to pore-scale simulations. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2026-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Koku H, Maier RS, Czymmek KJ, Schure MR, Lenhoff AM. Modeling of flow in a polymeric chromatographic monolith. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3466-75. [PMID: 21529814 PMCID: PMC3109253 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The flow behavior of a commercial polymeric monolith was investigated by direct numerical simulations employing the lattice-Boltzmann (LB) methodology. An explicit structural representation of the monolith was obtained by serial sectioning of a portion of the monolith and imaging by scanning electron microscopy. After image processing, the three-dimensional structure of a sample block with dimensions of 17.8 μm × 17.8 μm × 14.1 μm was obtained, with uniform 18.5 nm voxel size. Flow was simulated on this reconstructed block using the LB method to obtain the velocity distribution, and in turn macroscopic flow properties such as the permeability and the average velocity. The computed axial velocity distribution exhibits a sharp peak with an exponentially decaying tail. Analysis of the local components of the flow field suggests that flow is not evenly distributed throughout the sample geometry, as is also seen in geometries that exhibit preferential flow paths, such as sphere pack arrays with defects. A significant fraction of negative axial velocities are observed; the largest of these are due to flow along horizontal pores that are also slightly oriented in the negative axial direction. Possible implications for mass transfer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Koku
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Robert S. Maier
- Information Technology Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180
| | - Kirk J. Czymmek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Mark R. Schure
- Theoretical Separation Science Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, PA 19477-0904
| | - Abraham M. Lenhoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
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Noubactep C, Caré S. Designing laboratory metallic iron columns for better result comparability. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 189:809-813. [PMID: 21470775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the amount of data available on investigating the process of aqueous contaminant removal by metallic iron (Fe(0)), there is still a significant amount of uncertainty surrounding the design of Fe(0) beds for laboratory testing to determine the suitability of Fe(0) materials for field applications. Available data were obtained under various operating conditions (e.g., column characteristics, Fe(0) characteristics, contaminant characteristics, oxygen availability, solution pH) and are hardly comparable to each other. The volumetric expansive nature of iron corrosion has been univocally reported as major drawback for Fe(0) beds. Mixing Fe(0) with inert materials has been discussed as an efficient tool to improve sustainability of Fe(0) beds. This paper discusses some problems associated with the design of Fe(0) beds and proposes a general approach for the characterization of Fe(0) beds. Each Fe(0) column should be characterized by its initial porosity, the composition of the steady phase and the volumetric proportion of individual materials. Used materials should be characterized by their density, porosity, and particle size. This work has introduced simple and reliable mathematical equations for column design, which include the normalisation of raw experimental data prior to any data treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Noubactep
- Angewandte Geologie, Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstrasse 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Bruns S, Tallarek U. Physical reconstruction of packed beds and their morphological analysis: Core–shell packings as an example. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1849-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Djordjevic N, Habisreuther P, Zarzalis N. A numerical investigation of the flame stability in porous burners employing various ceramic sponge-like structures. Chem Eng Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chen G, Zeng L, Wu Z. An ecological risk assessment model for a pulsed contaminant emission into a wetland channel flow. Ecol Modell 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Khirevich S, Daneyko A, Höltzel A, Seidel-Morgenstern A, Tallarek U. Statistical analysis of packed beds, the origin of short-range disorder, and its impact on eddy dispersion. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4713-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hlushkou D, Bruns S, Tallarek U. High-performance computing of flow and transport in physically reconstructed silica monoliths. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3674-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Khirevich S, Höltzel A, Hlushkou D, Tallarek U. Impact of Conduit Geometry and Bed Porosity on Flow and Dispersion in Noncylindrical Sphere Packings. Anal Chem 2007; 79:9340-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac071428k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei Khirevich
- Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Höltzel
- Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Dzmitry Hlushkou
- Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Tallarek
- Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Akpa BS, Holland DJ, Sederman AJ, Johns ML, Gladden LF. Enhanced (13)C PFG NMR for the study of hydrodynamic dispersion in porous media. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2007; 186:160-5. [PMID: 17320440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 01/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
PFG NMR methods are frequently used as a means of probing both coherent and incoherent molecular motions of fluids contained within heterogeneous porous media. The time scale over which molecular displacements can be probed in a conventional PFG NMR experiment is limited by the relaxation characteristics of (1)H - the nucleus that is typically observed. In multiphase systems, due to its sensitivity to susceptibility gradients and interactions with surfaces,(1)H signal is frequently characterized by rapid T(1) and T(2) relaxation. In this work, a heteronuclear approach to PFG NMR is demonstrated which allows the study of molecular displacement over extended time scales (and, consequently, length scales) by exploiting the longer relaxation time of (13)C. The method presented employs the DEPT technique of polarization transfer in order to enhance both the sensitivity and efficiency of (13)C detection. This hybrid coherence transfer PFG technique has been used to acquire displacement propagators for flow through a bead pack with an observation time of up to 35 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda S Akpa
- Magnetic Resonance Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK
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Alopaeus V, Hynynen K, Aittamaa J. A cellular automata model for liquid distribution in trickle bed reactors. Chem Eng Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2006.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Ren X, Stapf S, Blümich B. NMR velocimetry of flow in model fixed-bed reactors of low aspect ratio. AIChE J 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.10318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Kandhai D, Hlushkou D, Hoekstra AG, Sloot PMA, Van As H, Tallarek U. Influence of stagnant zones on transient and asymptotic dispersion in macroscopically homogeneous porous media. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:234501. [PMID: 12059367 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.234501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2001] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of stagnant zones in hydrodynamic dispersion is studied for creeping flow through a fixed bed of spherical permeable particles, covering several orders of characteristic time and length scales associated with fluid transport. Numerical simulations employ a hierarchical model to cope with the different temporal and spatial scales, showing good agreement with our experimental results on diffusion-limited mass transfer, transient, and asymptotic longitudinal dispersion. These data demonstrate that intraparticle liquid holdup in macroscopically homogeneous porous media clearly dominates over contributions caused by the intrinsic flow field heterogeneity and boundary-layer mass transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kandhai
- Section Computational Science, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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