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Zhang R, Zhao J, Hao Y, Cao X, Zhao Y, Tang S. Retinal development in mandarinfish Siniperca chuatsi and morphological analysis of the photoreceptor layer. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:903-917. [PMID: 31270805 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe the process of retinal development in mandarinfish Siniperca chuatsi from larvae to young fish. The developmental characteristics of the retinal structure and related cells were identified. Siniperca chuatsi were found to exhibit an altricial mode of retinal development that required considerable time to be completed after hatching. The retina was classed as a pure cone type during the early developmental stage. In the subsequent developmental stages, however, double cones gradually occupied the majority of the cone cells, while rod cells represented the majority of the photoreceptor cells. The outer segment (OS) of the rod cells were significantly longer compared with other morphological features, the OS of the two kinds of cone cells were significantly elongated and the diameters of the inner segment (IS) and OS of the double cone cells were significantly narrower in the later developmental stages. Combined with the scattered arrangement of cone cells at the different stages, the retina was found to have sacrificed a considerable part of visual acuity in the developmental process. The distribution of cone cells was observed to have gradually become regionalised during development. The findings of the present study also indicated that S. chuatsi have a high photosensitivity under dim light conditions as a result of specialised structures of the OS of photoreceptor cells and an increased number of rod cells. The loose arrangement of the cone mosaic presumably resulted in a poor imaging quality and, to some extent, the regionalisation of the cone-cell distribution compensated for the above shortcomings, which would enhance the ability of S. chuatsi to perceive targets in important directions for effective predation behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - YueYue Hao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoujie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Harahush BK, Hart NS, Collin SP. Ontogenetic Changes in Retinal Ganglion Cell Distribution and Spatial Resolving Power in the Brown-Banded Bamboo Shark Chiloscyllium punctatum (Elasmobranchii). BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2014; 83:286-300. [DOI: 10.1159/000361036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Eye growth in sharks: Ecological implications for changes in retinal topography and visual resolution. Vis Neurosci 2009; 26:397-409. [DOI: 10.1017/s0952523809990150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe visual abilities of sharks show substantial interspecific variability. In addition, sharks may change their habitat and feeding strategy throughout life. As the eyes of sharks continue to grow throughout the animal’s lifetime, ontogenetic variability in visual ability may also occur. The topographic analysis of the photoreceptor and ganglion cell distributions can identify visual specializations and assess changes in visual abilities that may occur concurrently with eye growth. This study examines an ontogenetic series of whole-mounted retinas in two elasmobranch species, the sandbar shark,Carcharhinus plumbeus, and the shortspine spurdog,Squalus mitsukurii, to identify regional specializations mediating zones for improved spatial resolution. The study examines retinal morphology and presents data on summation ratios between photoreceptor and ganglion cell layers, anatomically determined peak spatial resolving power, and the angular extent of the visual field. Peak densities of photoreceptors and ganglion cells occur in similar retinal locations. The topographic distribution of neurons in the ganglion cell layer does not differ substantially with eye growth. However, predicted peak spatial resolution increases with eye growth from 4.3 to 8.9 cycles/deg inC. plumbeusand from 5.7 to 7.2 cycles/deg inS. mitsukurii. The topographic distribution of different-sized ganglion cells is also mapped inC. plumbeus, and a population of large ganglion cells (soma area 120–350μm2) form a narrow horizontal streak across the retinal meridian, while the spatial distribution of ordinary-sized ganglion cells (soma area 30–120μm2) forms anareain the central retina. Species-specific retinal specializations highlight differences in visually mediated behaviors and foraging strategies betweenC. plumbeusandS. mitsukurii.
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