1
|
Lohia K, Soans RS, Saxena R, Mahajan K, Gandhi TK. Distinct rich and diverse clubs regulate coarse and fine binocular disparity processing: Evidence from stereoscopic task-based fMRI. iScience 2024; 27:109831. [PMID: 38784010 PMCID: PMC11111836 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
While cortical regions involved in processing binocular disparities have been studied extensively, little is known on how the human visual system adapts to changing disparity magnitudes. In this paper, we investigate causal mechanisms of coarse and fine binocular disparity processing using fMRI with a clinically validated, custom anaglyph-based stimulus. We make use of Granger causality and graph measures to reveal the existence of distinct rich and diverse clubs across different disparity magnitudes. We demonstrate that Middle Temporal area (MT) plays a specialized role with overlapping rich and diverse characteristics. Next, we show that subtle interhemispheric differences exist across various brain regions, despite an overall right hemisphere dominance. Finally, we pass the graph measures through the decision tree and found that the diverse clubs outperform rich clubs in decoding disparity magnitudes. Our study sets the stage for conducting further investigations on binocular disparity processing, particularly in the context of neuro-ophthalmic disorders with binocular impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Lohia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology – Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rijul Saurabh Soans
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology – Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rohit Saxena
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Tapan K. Gandhi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology – Delhi, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Funayama M, Hojo T, Nakagawa Y, Kurose S, Koreki A. Investigating the Link Between Subjective Depth Perception Deficits and Objective Stereoscopic Vision Deficits in Individuals With Acquired Brain Injury. Cogn Behav Neurol 2024:00146965-990000000-00066. [PMID: 38682873 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with acquired brain injury have reported subjective complaints of depth perception deficits, but few have undergone objective assessments to confirm these deficits. As a result, the literature currently lacks reports detailing the correlation between subjective depth perception deficits and objective stereoscopic vision deficits in individuals with acquired brain injury, particularly those cases that are characterized by a clearly defined lesion. To investigate this relationship, we recruited three individuals with acquired brain injury who experienced depth perception deficits and related difficulties in their daily lives. We had them take neurologic, ophthalmological, and neuropsychological examinations. We also had them take two types of stereoscopic vision tests: a Howard-Dolman-type stereoscopic vision test and the Topcon New Objective Stereo Test. Then, we compared the results with those of two control groups: a group with damage to the right hemisphere of the brain and a group of healthy controls. Performance on the two stereoscopic vision tests was severely impaired in the three patients. One of the patients also presented with cerebral diplopia. We identified the potential neural basis of these deficits in the cuneus and the posterior section of the superior parietal lobule, which play a role in vergence fusion and are located in the caudal region of the dorso-dorsal visual pathway, which is known to be crucial not only for visual spatial perception, but also for reaching, grasping, and making hand postures in the further course of that pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Funayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, Ashikaga, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hojo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | | | - Shin Kurose
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, Ashikaga, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihiro Koreki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, Ashikaga, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Newton M, Cookson SL, D'Esposito M, Kayser AS. Connectivity-Defined Subdivisions of the Intraparietal Sulcus Respond Differentially to Abstraction during Decision-Making. J Neurosci 2022; 42:7454-7465. [PMID: 36041850 PMCID: PMC9525172 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1237-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) has been implicated in numerous functions that range from representation of visual stimuli to action planning, but its role in abstract decision-making has been unclear, in part because low-level functions often act as confounds. Here, we address this problem using a task that dissociates abstract decision-making from sensory salience, attentional control, motor planning, and motor output. Functional MRI data were collected from healthy female and male human subjects while they performed a policy abstraction task requiring use of a more abstract (second-order) rule to select between two less abstract (first-order) rules that informed the motor response. By identifying IPS subdivisions with preferential connectivity to prefrontal regions that are differentially responsive to task abstraction, we found that a caudal IPS (cIPS) subregion with strongest connectivity to the pre-premotor cortex was preferentially active for second-order cues, whereas a rostral IPS subregion (rIPS) with strongest connectivity to the dorsal premotor cortex was active during attentional control over first-order cues. These effects for abstraction were seen in addition to cIPS activity that was specific to sensory salience, and rIPS activity that was specific to motor output. Notably, topographic responses to the second-order cue were detected along the caudal-rostral axis of IPS, mirroring the broader organization seen in lateral prefrontal cortex. Together, these data demonstrate that subregions within IPS exhibit activity responsive to policy abstraction, and they suggest that IPS may be organized into frontoparietal subnetworks that support hierarchical cognitive control.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Abstract decision-making allows us to flexibly adapt our behavior to new contexts. Although much previous work has focused on the role of lateral prefrontal cortex in such decisions, the contributions of parietal cortex have been relatively understudied. Here, we demonstrate that spatially segregated subregions of human IPS with strong functional connections to lateral prefrontal cortex demonstrate activity selective for abstract decisions. This activity can be distinguished from responses resulting from cognitive processes related to sensory salience, attentional control, motor planning, and movement. Together, these findings indicate that different task demands are reflected in the topography of IPS, and they explicitly reveal a role in abstract decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Newton
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Savannah L Cookson
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Mark D'Esposito
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California 94553
| | - Andrew S Kayser
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California 94553
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khateeb K, Bloch J, Zhou J, Rahimi M, Griggs DJ, Kharazia VN, Le MN, Wang RK, Yazdan-Shahmorad A. A versatile toolbox for studying cortical physiology in primates. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100183. [PMID: 35445205 PMCID: PMC9017216 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Lesioning and neurophysiological studies have facilitated the elucidation of cortical functions and mechanisms of functional recovery following injury. Clinical translation of such studies is contingent on their employment in non-human primates (NHPs), yet tools for monitoring and modulating cortical physiology are incompatible with conventional lesioning techniques. To address these challenges, we developed a toolbox validated in seven macaques. We introduce the photothrombotic method for inducing focal cortical lesions, a quantitative model for designing experiment-specific lesion profiles and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for large-scale (~5 cm2) monitoring of vascular dynamics. We integrate these tools with our electrocorticographic array for large-scale monitoring of neural dynamics and testing stimulation-based interventions. Advantageously, this versatile toolbox can be incorporated into established chronic cranial windows. By combining optical and electrophysiological techniques in the NHP cortex, we can enhance our understanding of cortical functions, investigate functional recovery mechanisms, integrate physiological and behavioral findings, and develop neurorehabilitative treatments. MOTIVATION The primate neocortex encodes for complex functions and behaviors, the physiologies of which are yet to be fully understood. Such an understanding in both healthy and diseased states can be crucial for the development of effective neurorehabilitative strategies. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive and adaptable set of tools that enables the study of multiple physiological phenomena in healthy and injured brains. Therefore, we developed a toolbox with the capability to induce targeted cortical lesions, monitor dynamics of underlying cortical microvasculature, and record and stimulate neural activity. With this toolbox, we can enhance our understanding of cortical functions, investigate functional recovery mechanisms, test stimulation-based interventions, and integrate physiological and behavioral findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karam Khateeb
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Julien Bloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jasmine Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mona Rahimi
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Devon J. Griggs
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Viktor N. Kharazia
- Department of Physiology and Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Minh N. Le
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hauser MFA, Heba S, Schmidt-Wilcke T, Tegenthoff M, Manahan-Vaughan D. Cerebellar-hippocampal processing in passive perception of visuospatial change: An ego- and allocentric axis? Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:1153-1166. [PMID: 31729790 PMCID: PMC7268078 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its role in visuospatial navigation and the generation of spatial representations, in recent years, the hippocampus has been proposed to support perceptual processes. This is especially the case where high‐resolution details, in the form of fine‐grained relationships between features such as angles between components of a visual scene, are involved. An unresolved question is how, in the visual domain, perspective‐changes are differentiated from allocentric changes to these perceived feature relationships, both of which may be argued to involve the hippocampus. We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain response (corroborated through separate event‐related potential source‐localization) in a passive visuospatial oddball‐paradigm to examine to what extent the hippocampus and other brain regions process changes in perspective, or configuration of abstract, three‐dimensional structures. We observed activation of the left superior parietal cortex during perspective shifts, and right anterior hippocampus in configuration‐changes. Strikingly, we also found the cerebellum to differentiate between the two, in a way that appeared tightly coupled to hippocampal processing. These results point toward a relationship between the cerebellum and the hippocampus that occurs during perception of changes in visuospatial information that has previously only been reported with regard to visuospatial navigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian F A Hauser
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heba
- Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt-Wilcke
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Neurophysiology, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Tegenthoff
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denise Manahan-Vaughan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Microstructural properties of the vertical occipital fasciculus explain the variability in human stereoacuity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12289-12294. [PMID: 30429321 PMCID: PMC6275509 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804741115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeing in the three-dimensional world—stereopsis—is an innate human ability, but it varies substantially among individuals. The neurobiological basis of this variability is not understood. We combined diffusion and quantitative MRI imaging with a psychophysical measurements, and found that variability in stereoacuity is associated with microstructural differences in the right vertical occipital fasciculus, a white matter tract connecting dorsal and ventral visual cortex. This result suggests that the microstructure of the pathways that support information transmission across dorsal and ventral visual areas plays an important role human stereopsis. Stereopsis is a fundamental visual function that has been studied extensively. However, it is not clear why depth discrimination (stereoacuity) varies more significantly among people than other modalities. Previous studies have reported the involvement of both dorsal and ventral visual areas in stereopsis, implying that not only neural computations in cortical areas but also the anatomical properties of white matter tracts connecting those areas can impact stereopsis. Here, we studied how human stereoacuity relates to white matter properties by combining psychophysics, diffusion MRI (dMRI), and quantitative MRI (qMRI). We performed a psychophysical experiment to measure stereoacuity and, in the same participants, we analyzed the microstructural properties of visual white matter tracts on the basis of two independent measurements, dMRI (fractional anisotropy, FA) and qMRI (macromolecular tissue volume; MTV). Microstructural properties along the right vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF), a major tract connecting dorsal and ventral visual areas, were highly correlated with measures of stereoacuity. This result was consistent for both FA and MTV, suggesting that the behavioral–structural relationship reflects differences in neural tissue density, rather than differences in the morphological configuration of fibers. fMRI confirmed that binocular disparity stimuli activated the dorsal and ventral visual regions near VOF endpoints. No other occipital tracts explained the variance in stereoacuity. In addition, the VOF properties were not associated with differences in performance on a different psychophysical task (contrast detection). These series of experiments suggest that stereoscopic depth discrimination performance is, at least in part, constrained by dorso-ventral communication through the VOF.
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Parker AJ. Vision in our three-dimensional world. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0251. [PMID: 27269595 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many aspects of our perceptual experience are dominated by the fact that our two eyes point forward. Whilst the location of our eyes leaves the environment behind our head inaccessible to vision, co-ordinated use of our two eyes gives us direct access to the three-dimensional structure of the scene in front of us, through the mechanism of stereoscopic vision. Scientific understanding of the different brain regions involved in stereoscopic vision and three-dimensional spatial cognition is changing rapidly, with consequent influences on fields as diverse as clinical practice in ophthalmology and the technology of virtual reality devices.This article is part of the themed issue 'Vision in our three-dimensional world'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Parker
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Freud E, Plaut DC, Behrmann M. 'What' Is Happening in the Dorsal Visual Pathway. Trends Cogn Sci 2016; 20:773-784. [PMID: 27615805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The cortical visual system is almost universally thought to be segregated into two anatomically and functionally distinct pathways: a ventral occipitotemporal pathway that subserves object perception, and a dorsal occipitoparietal pathway that subserves object localization and visually guided action. Accumulating evidence from both human and non-human primate studies, however, challenges this binary distinction and suggests that regions in the dorsal pathway contain object representations that are independent of those in ventral cortex and that play a functional role in object perception. We review here the evidence implicating dorsal object representations, and we propose an account of the anatomical organization, functional contributions, and origins of these representations in the service of perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erez Freud
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - David C Plaut
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marlene Behrmann
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|