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BANG SUNNYE, JUNG YUSUN, EOM SEOKJIN, KIM GEUNBAE, CHUNG KYUHWAN, LEE GUNGPYO, SON DAEYEUL, PARK KWENWOO, HONG JINSUNG, RYU KIHYUN, LEE CHAN. ASSESSMENT OF THE CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS COAT PROTEIN BY EXPRESSION EVALUATION IN A GENETICALLY MODIFIED PEPPER AND ESCHERICHIA COLI BL21. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Saunders K, Sainsbury F, Lomonossoff GP. Efficient generation of cowpea mosaic virus empty virus-like particles by the proteolytic processing of precursors in insect cells and plants. Virology 2009; 393:329-37. [PMID: 19733890 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism of formation of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) particles, RNA-2-encoded precursor proteins were expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda cells. Processing of the 105K and 95K polyproteins in trans to give the mature Large (L) and Small (S) coat proteins required both the 32K proteinase cofactor and the 24K proteinase itself, while processing of VP60, consisting of the fused L-S protein, required only the 24K proteinase. Release of the L and S proteins resulted in the formation of virus-like particles (VLPs), showing that VP60 can act as a precursor of virus capsids. Processing of VP60 expressed in plants also led to efficient production of VLPs. Analysis of the VLPs produced by the action of the 24K proteinase on precursors showed that they were empty (RNA-free). This has important implications for the use of CPMV VLPs in biotechnology and nanotechnology as it will permit the use of noninfectious particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Saunders
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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Lee YH, Jung M, Shin SH, Lee JH, Choi SH, Her NH, Lee JH, Ryu KH, Paek KY, Harn CH. Transgenic peppers that are highly tolerant to a new CMV pathotype. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2009; 28:223-32. [PMID: 19018536 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The CMV (cucumber mosaic virus) is the most frequently occurring virus in chili pepper farms. A variety of peppers that are resistant to CMVP0 were developed in the middle of 1990s through a breeding program, and commercial cultivars have since been able to control the spread of CMVP0. However, a new pathotype (CMVP1) that breaks the resistance of CMVP0-resistant peppers has recently appeared and caused a heavy loss in productivity. Since no genetic source of this new pathotype was available, a traditional breeding method cannot be used to generate a CMVP1-resistant pepper variety. Therefore, we set up a transformation system of pepper using Agrobacterium that had been transfected with the coat protein gene, CMVP0-CP, with the aim of developing a new CMVP1-resistant pepper line. A large number of transgenic peppers (T(1), T(2) and T(3)) were screened for CMVP1 tolerance using CMVP1 inoculation. Transgenic peppers tolerant to CMVP1 were selected in a plastic house as well as in the field. Three independent T(3) pepper lines highly tolerant to the CMVP1 pathogen were found to also be tolerant to the CMVP0 pathogen. These selected T(3) pepper lines were phenotypically identical or close to the non-transformed lines. However, after CMVP1 infection, the height and fruit size of the non-transformed lines became shorter and smaller, respectively, while the T(3) pepper lines maintained a normal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hee Lee
- Biotechnology Institute, Nongwoo Bio Co, Ltd, Yeoju, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
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Iwanami T, Shimizu T, Ito T, Hirabayashi T. Tolerance to Citrus mosaic virus in Transgenic Trifoliate Orange Lines Harboring Capsid Polyprotein Gene. PLANT DISEASE 2004; 88:865-868. [PMID: 30812515 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2004.88.8.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Trifoliate orange plants (Poncirus trifoliata) were transformed with a binary vector containing the capsid polyprotein (pCP) gene of Citrus mosaic virus (CiMV) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. Transformation was performed on the epicotyl segments obtained from a young seedling that was grown in the dark. Southern blot hybridization analysis showed that the transgene was stable in the transgenic lines after regeneration and propagation by grafting. Transgenic lines were screened for tolerance to CiMV by mechanical inoculation. Infection was monitored 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after inoculation by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The transgenic line 24 had the lowest infection rate (7.1%) at 60 days after inoculation, in contrast to that of nontransgenic plants (65.1%).The response of other lines to inoculation ranged from susceptibility to moderate tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Iwanami
- Department of Citrus Research, Okitsu, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Shimizu-Okitsu-Nakacho, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Tokurou Shimizu
- Department of Citrus Research, Okitsu, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Shimizu-Okitsu-Nakacho, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Takao Ito
- Department of Citrus Research, Kuchinotsu, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Kuchinotsu, Nagasaki 859-2501, Japan
| | - Toshio Hirabayashi
- Department of Citrus Research, Okitsu, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science
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Giesler LJ, Ghabrial SA, Hunt TE, Hill JH. Bean pod mottle virus: A Threat to U.S. Soybean Production. PLANT DISEASE 2002; 86:1280-1289. [PMID: 30818429 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2002.86.12.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Kadotani N, Ikegami M. Production of patchouli mild mosaic virus resistant patchouli plants by genetic engineering of coat protein precursor gene. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2002; 58:1137-1142. [PMID: 12449533 DOI: 10.1002/ps.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth), an aromatic crop which yields an essential oil, is widely cultivated in South-east Asia. Patchouli mild mosaic virus (PaMMV) infects patchouli plants and causes decrease in leaf biomass and essential oil yield. Transgenic patchouli plants with PaMMV coat protein precursor (CP-P) gene have been produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. PaMMV CP-P gene integration into the patchouli genome was confirmed by the PCR method and by Southern blot analysis. The transformants were estimated to contain one to three copy genes using Southern blot analysis. The transformant with three copy genes was tested for the resistance to PaMMV by artificially inoculating plants grown in an environmentally controlled cabinet, and this transformant was found to be highly resistant to PaMMV. The transgenic patchouli plant with PaMMV CP-P gene should provide valuable material for protecting against PaMMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Kadotani
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
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Reddy MS, Ghabrial SA, Redmond CT, Dinkins RD, Collins GB. Resistance to Bean pod mottle virus in Transgenic Soybean Lines Expressing the Capsid Polyprotein. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2001; 91:831-838. [PMID: 18944228 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.2001.91.9.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Transgenic fertile soybean plants were generated from somatic embryos of soybean (Glycine max) cv. Jack transformed via particle bombardment with the capsid polyprotein (pCP) gene of Bean pod mottle virus(BPMV). The plant transformation vector (pHIG/BPMV-pCP) utilized in these experiments contained the BPMV-pCP coding sequence, an intron-containing GUS gene, and the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene. Southern blot hybridization analysis showed that 19 transgenic soybean plants selected for resistance to hygromycin contained the genes for GUS and BPMV-pCP. The progeny of five of these transgenic soybean plants (plants 137, 139, 157, 183, and 186) were characterized in detail. An additional transgenic plant (plant 200) contained the intron-GUS and hygromycin resistance genes, but lacked the BPMV-pCP gene and was used as a negative control. Southern blot hybridization analysis of the five transgenic plants showed the presence of three copies of the T-DNA in a similar banding pattern suggesting that they were derived from a single transformation event. Western and northern blot analyses showed that the expression levels of BPMV-pCP and pCP transcript were high in these five pCP plants. Infectivity assays with detached leaves demonstrated that all five pCP plants exhibited resistance to virus infection because they accumulated lower levels of BPMV compared with plant 200 and nontransformed controls. Unlike the T(2) progeny of line 183-1 that segregated with respect to the pCP gene and, consequently, to BPMV resistance, the T(2) progeny of the homozygous line 183-2 showed little or no symptoms in response to rub-inoculation with virions of a severe strain of BPMV. Although BPMV accumulation was evident in leaves on which viruliferous beetles were allowed a 72-h inoculation access period, the upper noninoculated leaves of the T(2) progeny of line 183-2 plants were symptomless and accumulated little or no virus. Because the progeny of this homozygous transgenic line exhibited systemic resistance, they could potentially be useful in generating commercial cultivars resistant to BPMV.
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Neves-Borges AC, Collares WM, Pontes JA, Breyne P, Farinelli L, de Oliveira DE. Coat protein RNAs-mediated protection against Andean potato mottle virus in transgenic tobacco. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2001; 160:699-712. [PMID: 11448745 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9452(00)00452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The expression of translatable sequences of either one of the two Andean potato mottle virus (APMoV) coat protein (CP) genes (CP22 and CP42) and of the nontranslatable sequence of CP42 in transgenic tobacco provided protection against APMoV. Resistance was mediated by CP transgene RNAs rather than the protein, as an inverse correlation between resistance and the accumulation levels of CPs transgene mRNAs was observed. These data indicated that a post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) mechanism is likely involved in the APMoV CP RNA-mediated protection. Moreover, the HindIII-AccI restriction pattern of the CP22 transgene was different in susceptible and resistant transgenic plants, suggesting the involvement of methylation in PTGS. Southern blot experiments also revealed that CPs transgene insertion loci and organisation in the plant genome may play a role in determining the degree of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C. Neves-Borges
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, CCS, UFRJ, CEP 21944-970, RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Shanks M, Lomonossoff GP. Co-expression of the capsid proteins of Cowpea mosaic virus in insect cells leads to the formation of virus-like particles. J Gen Virol 2000; 81:3093-3097. [PMID: 11086140 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-81-12-3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The regions of RNA-2 of Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) that encode the Large (L) and Small (S) coat proteins were expressed either individually or together in Spodoptera frugiperda (sf21) cells using baculovirus vectors. Co-expression of the two coat proteins from separate promoters in the same construct resulted in the formation of virus-like particles whose morphology closely resembled that of native CPMV virions. No such particles were formed when the individual L and S proteins were expressed. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of the virus-like particles showed that they had the sedimentation characteristics of empty (protein-only) shells. The results confirm that the 60 kDa L-S fusion is not an obligate intermediate in the virion assembly pathway and indicate that expression of the coat proteins in insect cells will provide a fruitful route for the study of CPMV morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shanks
- Department of Virus Research, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK1
| | - George P Lomonossoff
- Department of Virus Research, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK1
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Clark AJ, Bertens P, Wellink J, Shanks M, Lomonossoff GP. Studies on hybrid comoviruses reveal the importance of three-dimensional structure for processing of the viral coat proteins and show that the specificity of cleavage is greater in trans than in cis. Virology 1999; 263:184-94. [PMID: 10544093 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1999.9947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV)-based hybrid comoviral RNA-2 molecules have been constructed. In these, the region encoding both the large (L) and small (S) viral coat proteins was replaced by the equivalent region from bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). The hybrid RNA-2 molecules were able to replicate in cowpea protoplasts in the presence of CPMV RNA-1. Though processing of the hybrid polyproteins by the CPMV-specific 24K proteinase at the site between the 58/48K and L proteins could readily be achieved, no processing at the site between the L and S coat proteins could be obtained even when the sequence of amino acids between the two coat proteins was made CPMV-like. As a result, none of the hybrids was able to form functional virus particles, and they could not infect cowpea plants. Comparison with the processing of the L-S site in cis in reticulocyte lysates demonstrated that the requirements for processing are more stringent in trans than in cis. The results suggest that the L-S cleavage site is defined by more than just a linear sequence of amino acids and probably involves interactions between the L-S loop and the beta barrels of the viral coat proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Clark
- Department of Virus Research, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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Wilson TM. Strategies to protect crop plants against viruses: pathogen-derived resistance blossoms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:3134-41. [PMID: 8475051 PMCID: PMC46254 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.8.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 1986, the ability to confer resistance against an otherwise devastating virus by introducing a single pathogen-derived or virus-targeted sequence into the DNA of a potential host plant has had a marked influence on much of the research effort, focus, and short-term objectives of plant virologists throughout the world. The vast literature on coat protein-mediated protection, for example, attests to our fascination for unraveling fundamental molecular mechanism(s), our (vain) search for a unifying hypothesis, our pragmatic interest in commercially exploitable opportunities for crop protection, and our ingenuity in manipulating transgene constructions to broaden their utility and reduce real or perceived environmental risk issues. Other single dominant, pathogen-derived plant resistance genes have recently been discovered from a wide variety of viruses and are operative in an ever-increasing range of plant species. Additional candidates seem limited only by the effort invested in experimentation and by our ingenuity and imagination. This review attempts to consider, in a critical way, the current state of the art, some exceptions, and some proposed rules. The final impression, from all the case evidence considered, is that normal virus replication requires a subtle blend of host- and virus-coded proteins, present in critical relative concentrations and at specific times and places. Any unregulated superimposition of interfering protein or nucleic acid species can, therefore, result in an apparently virus-resistant plant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Wilson
- Department of Virology, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Hu JS, Pang SZ, Nagpala PG, Siemieniak DR, Slightom JL, Gonsalves D. The coat protein genes of squash mosaic virus: cloning, sequence analysis, and expression in tobacco protoplasts. Arch Virol 1993; 130:17-31. [PMID: 8503782 DOI: 10.1007/bf01318993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Complementary DNA of the middle-component RNA of the melon strain of squash mosaic comovirus (SqMV) was cloned. Clones containing the coat protein genes were identified by hybridization with a degenerate oligonucleotide synthesized according to the amino acid sequence of a purified peptide fragment of the SqMV large coat protein. A clone containing of 2.5 kbp cDNA insert of SqMV M-RNA was sequenced. The total insert sequence of 2510 bp included a 2373 bp open reading frame (ORF) (encoding 791 amino acids), a 123 bp 3'-untranslated region, and a poly(A) region. This ORF is capable of encoding both the 42 and 22 k SqMV coat proteins. Direct N-terminal sequence analysis of the 22 k coat protein revealed its presence at the 3' end of this ORF and the position of the proteolytic cleavage site (Q/S) used to separate the large and small coat proteins from each other. A putative location of the N-terminal proteolytic cleavage site of the 42 k coat protein (Q/N) was predicted by comparisons with the corresponding coat proteins of cowpea mosaic virus, red clover mottle virus, and bean-pod mottle virus. Although the available nucleotide sequences of these viruses revealed little similarity, their encoded coat proteins shared about 47% identity. The identity of the encoded 42 k and 22 k peptides was confirmed by engineering the respective gene regions for expression followed by transfer into tobacco protoplasts using the polyethylene glycol method. Both SqMV coat proteins were expressed in vivo as determined by their reactivity to SqMV coat protein specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva
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