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Popova V, Ivanova T, Stoyanova A, Nikolova V, Hristeva T, Zheljazkov VD. GC-MS Composition and Olfactory Profile of Concretes from the Flowers of Four Nicotiana Species. Molecules 2020; 25:E2617. [PMID: 32512824 PMCID: PMC7321308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Nicotiana (Solanaceae) includes over 70 species, with a long history of traditional use; many of them are nowadays used in bioengineering, biosynthesis, molecular biology, and other studies, while common tobacco, N. tabacum L., is one of the most economically important industrial crops worldwide. Although Nicotiana species have been extensively investigated, relatively less research has focused on flowers, especially research related to obtaining aromatic products for cosmetic and perfumery use. On the other hand, there is evidence that Nicotiana flowers accumulate various secondary metabolites with a distinct aroma and biological activities, and the flowers represent a biomass available in sufficient quantities. Therefore, this study aimed to determinate the chemical composition (by GC-MS) and the olfactory profiles of a specific type of natural aromatic product (concrete), obtained from the flowers of four Nicotiana species, in a direct comparison between them. The yields of extracted concrete were sufficiently high, varying between the species, 1.4% (N. rustica L.), 2.5% (N. glutinosa L.), 1.6% (N. alata Link&Otto genotype with white flowers), 2.7% (N. alata genotype with pink flowers), 3.2% (N. tabacum, Oriental type), and 5.2% (N. tabacum, Virginia type). The major components of the obtained concretes belonged to different chemical classes: N. rustica and N. tabacum (OR), the hydrocarbons n-tetratriacontane (14.5%; 15.0%) and n-triacontane (12.1%; 13.3%), and 3-methyl-pentanoic acid (11.1%; 12.2%); N. glutinosa, the diterpenes sclareol (25.9%), 3-α-hydroxy-manool (16.3%), and 13-epimanool (14.9%); N. alata (WF), the phenylpropanoid terephthalic acid and di(2-ethylhexyl) ester (42.9%); N. alata (PF), the diterpene tributyl acetylcitrate (30.7%); and N. tabacum (FCV), the hydrocarbons n-hexacosane (12.9%) and n-pentacosane (12.9%). Each of the flower concretes revealed a characteristic odor profile. This is the first report about Nicotiana species as a source for obtaining flower concretes; these initial results about the concrete yield, olfactory profile, and chemical composition are a prerequisite for the possible processing of Nicotiana flowers into new aromatic products for use in perfumery and cosmetics. The study provides new data in favor of the potential of the four Nicotiana species as aromatic plants, as well as a possible alternative use of flowers, a valuable, but discarded, plant material in other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venelina Popova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (T.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Tanya Ivanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (T.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (T.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Violeta Nikolova
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute–Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Tsveta Hristeva
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute–Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Popova V, Ivanova T, Stoyanova A, Nikolova V, Hristeva T, Gochev V, Yonchev Y, Nikolov N, Zheljazkov VD. Terpenoids in the Essential Oil and Concentrated Aromatic Products Obtained from Nicotiana glutinosa L. Leaves. Molecules 2019; 25:E30. [PMID: 31861797 PMCID: PMC6983188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
N. glutinosa L. is a relatively less studied Nicotiana species (Solanaceae), although there are data about its importance as a model plant in viral control studies, as a gene donor in tobacco hybridization and as a source of agents with insecticidal or fungicidal effects. The biological activities of the species were associated mostly with the presence of leaf surface metabolites, in particular diterpenes and sucrose esters. The aim of this study was to identify the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) and two aromatic extraction products (concrete and resinoid) obtained from N. glutinosa L. leaves. GC-MS analysis identified 26 components in the EO (representing 97.3% of total oil content), which contained mostly diterpene compounds with major components manool (14.2%), sclarene (8.4%) and manoyl oxide (8.1%). The number of compounds identified in the concrete was 37 (95.5% of the total content) and the major component was the diterpene alcohol sclareol (14.2%). In the resinoid, 30 volatile components (representing 95.1% of resinoid content) were identified, with major components nicotine (32.9%), α-tocopherol (8.2%), tridecanoin (6.9%), sclareol (6.9%), and solanone (6.9%). The group of bicyclic diterpenes had the largest share in the diterpene fraction of the products (57.3%, 91.7%, and 86.3%, respectively for the EO, concrete, and resinoid). Considering the abundance of sclareol in the aromatic products, the antimicrobial activity of the pure substance was determined. Sclareol was highly effective against a set of medicinally important yeasts; Candida albicans АТСС 10231, C. glabrata ATCC 90030, C. parapsilosis clinical isolate, and C. tropicalis NBIMCC 23, while being less effective against the studied Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Data from the study on N. glutinosa aromatic products composition may be of interest to the aroma industries for their possible use in perfumery and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venelina Popova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Ivanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta Nikolova
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute—Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria
| | - Tsveta Hristeva
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute—Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria
| | - Velizar Gochev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yonko Yonchev
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute—Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Nikolov
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute—Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Kännaste A, Laanisto L, Pazouki L, Copolovici L, Suhorutšenko M, Azeem M, Toom L, Borg-Karlson AK, Niinemets Ü. Diterpenoid fingerprints in pine foliage across an environmental and chemotypic matrix: Isoabienol content is a key trait differentiating chemotypes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 147:80-88. [PMID: 29304384 PMCID: PMC6020065 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diterpenoids constitute an important part of oleoresin in conifer needles, but the environmental and genetic controls on diterpenoid composition are poorly known. We studied the presence of diterpenoids in four pine populations spanning an extensive range of nitrogen (N) availability. In most samples, isoabienol was the main diterpenoid. Additionally, low contents of (Z)-biformene, abietadiene isomers, manoyl oxide isomers, labda-7,13,14-triene and labda-7,14-dien-13-ol were quantified in pine needles. According to the occurrence and content of diterpenoids it was possible to distinguish 'non diterpenoid pines', 'high isoabienol pines', 'manoyl oxide - isoabienol pines' and 'other diterpenoid pines'. 'Non diterpenoid pines', 'high isoabienol pines' and 'other diterpenoid pines' were characteristic to the dry forest, yet the majority of pines (>80%) of the bog Laeva represented 'high isoabienol pines'. 'Manoyl oxide - isoabienol pines' were present only in the wet sites. Additionally, orthogonal partial least-squares analysis showed, that in the bogs foliar nitrogen content per dry mass (NM) correlated to diterpenoids. Significant correlations existed between abietadienes, isoabienol and foliar NM in 'manoyl oxide - isoabienol pines', and chemotypic variation was also associated by population genetic distance estimated by nuclear microsatellite markers. Previously, the presence of low and high Δ-3-carene pines has been demonstrated, but the results of the current study indicate that also diterpenoids form an independent axis of chemotypic differentiation. Further studies are needed to understand whether the enhanced abundance of diterpenoids in wetter sites reflects a phenotypic or genotypic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Kännaste
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia.
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia.
| | - Leila Pazouki
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Lucian Copolovici
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Institute of Technical and Natural Sciences Research-Development of "Aurel Vlaicu" University, 2 Elena Dragoi St., Arad 310330, Romania.
| | - Marina Suhorutšenko
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia.
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; Ecological Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lauri Toom
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
| | - Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Ecological Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia.
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Jassbi AR, Zare S, Asadollahi M, Schuman MC. Ecological Roles and Biological Activities of Specialized Metabolites from the Genus Nicotiana. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12227-12280. [PMID: 28960061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Species of Nicotiana grow naturally in different parts of the world and have long been used both medicinally and recreationally by human societies. More recently in our history, Nicotiana tabacum has attracted interest as one of the most economically important industrial crops. Nicotiana species are frequently investigated for their bioactive natural products, and the ecological role of their specialized metabolites in responses to abiotic stress or biotic stress factors like pathogens and herbivores. The interest of tobacco companies in genetic information as well as the success of a few wild tobacco species as experimental model organisms have resulted in growing knowledge about the molecular biology and ecology of these plants and functional studies of the plant's natural products. Although a large number of reviews and books on biologically active natural products already exists, mostly from N. tabacum, we focus our attention on the ecological roles and biological activity of natural products, versus products from cured and processed material, in this Review. The studied compounds include alkaloids, aromatic compounds, flavonoids, volatiles, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenes alcohols, and sugar esters from trichomes of the plants, and recently characterized acyclic hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides (HGL-DTGs). In this Review (1800s-2017), we describe the above-mentioned classes of natural products, emphasizing their biological activities and functions as they have been determined either in bioassay-guided purification approaches or in bioassays with plants in which the expression of specific biosynthetic genes has been genetically manipulated. Additionally, a review on the history, taxonomy, ecology, and medicinal application of different Nicotiana species growing around the globe presented in this Review may be of interest for pharmacognosists, natural products, and ecological chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meredith C Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Jena 07745, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) , Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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Steede WT, Ma JM, Eickholt DP, Drake-Stowe KE, Kernodle SP, Shew HD, Danehower DA, Lewis RS. The Tobacco Trichome Exudate Z-abienol and Its Relationship With Plant Resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae. PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:1214-1221. [PMID: 30682971 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-16-1512-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In previous research, we discovered a favorable quantitative trait locus (QTL) in cigar tobacco cultivar 'Beinhart 1000' designated as Phn15.1, which provides a high level of partial resistance to the black shank disease caused by Phytophthora nicotianae. A very close genetic association was also found between Phn15.1 and the ability to biosynthesize Z-abienol, a labdanoid diterpene exuded by the trichomes onto above-ground plant parts, and that imparts flavor and aroma characteristics to Oriental and some cigar tobacco types. Because accumulation of Z-abienol is considered to be undesirable for cultivars of other tobacco types, we herein describe a series of experiments to gain insight on whether this close association is due to genetic linkage or pleiotropy. First, in an in vitro bioassay, we observed Z-abienol and related diterpenes to inhibit hyphal growth of P. nicotianae at concentrations between 0.01 and 100 ppm. Secondly, we field-tested transgenic versions of Beinhart 1000 carrying RNAi constructs for downregulating NtCPS2 or NtABS, two genes involved in the biosynthesis of Z-abienol. Thirdly, we also field tested a recombinant inbred line population segregating for a truncation mutation in NtCPS2 leading to an interrupted Z-abienol pathway. We observed no correlation between field resistance to P. nicotianae and the ability to accumulate Z-abienol in either the transgenic materials or the mapping population. Results suggest that, although Z-abienol may affect P. nicotianae when applied at high concentrations in in vitro assays, the compound has little effect on black shank disease development under natural field conditions. Thus, it should be possible to disassociate Phn15.1-mediated black shank resistance identified in cigar tobacco cultivar Beinhart 1000 from the ability to accumulate Z-abienol, an undesirable secondary metabolite for burley and flue-cured tobacco cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Steede
- Crop and Soil Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | - Justin M Ma
- Crop and Soil Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | - David P Eickholt
- Crop and Soil Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | | | - Sheri P Kernodle
- Crop and Soil Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | - H David Shew
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | | | - Ramsey S Lewis
- Crop and Soil Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
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Rin S, Mizuno Y, Shibata Y, Fushimi M, Katou S, Sato I, Chiba S, Kawakita K, Takemoto D. EIN2-mediated signaling is involved in pre-invasion defense in Nicotiana benthamiana against potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1300733. [PMID: 28402161 PMCID: PMC5437821 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1300733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nicotiana benthamiana ABCG1 and ABCG2 are ABC transporters which are probably involved in the export of capsidiol, the major phytoalexin of Nicotiana species. While capsidiol export by these transporters plays an essential role in post-invasion defense against Phytophthora infestans, they also export unidentified antimicrobial compound(s) involved in pre-invasion defense. In this study, promoter activity of NbABCG2 (Pabcg2a) was analyzed using a GFP marker. Expression of GFP under the control of Pabcg2a was significantly increased by co-expression with the INF1 elicitor from P. infestans. Disruption of the ethylene-responsive GCC box in Pabcg2a compromised INF1-induced activation of Pabcg2a. Consistently, penetration by P. infestans was increased by gene-silencing of NbEIN2, the key ethylene-signaling component, suggesting the involvement of ethylene for pre-invasion defense of N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soriya Rin
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuri Mizuno
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shibata
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayuka Fushimi
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinpei Katou
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ikuo Sato
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sotaro Chiba
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawakita
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daigo Takemoto
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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Asdadi A, Hamdouch A, Oukacha A, Moutaj R, Gharby S, Harhar H, El Hadek M, Chebli B, Idrissi Hassani LM. Study on chemical analysis, antioxidant and in vitro antifungal activities of essential oil from wild Vitex agnus-castus L. seeds growing in area of Argan Tree of Morocco against clinical strains of Candida responsible for nosocomial infections. J Mycol Med 2015; 25:e118-27. [PMID: 26611404 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the composition, the antioxidant activity and the in vitro antifungal action anti-Candida species of essential oils extracted from seeds of Vite xagnus-castus L. MATERIALS AND METHOD The essential oils were extracted using Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH free radical-scavenging method. Susceptibility tests for Candida albicans (12), C. dubliniensis (1), C. glabrata (3), C. krusei (3), C. parapsilosis (6), C. lusitaniae (1), C. famata (1) and C. tropicalis (3) were expressed as inhibition zone by the disc-diffusion method and as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) by the broth macrodilution method, compared to amphotricin B and fluconazol as standard drugs. RESULTS Major components were: 1,8-cineole (19.61%), sabinene (14.57%), α-pinene (9.76%), β-farnesene (6.04%), β-caryophyllene oxide (5.83%) and β-caryophyllene (5.02%). A low antioxidant activity was found (IC50=1.072mg/ml), but it can be exploited. V. agnus-castus seeds essential oils disosed a 35-58mm zone of inhibition (mean: 49mm) against all 30 isolates tested. In broth macrodilution method, all the tested Candida species were susceptible to the essential oils and this activity was concentration-dependent. MIC values varied from 0.13 to 2.13mg/ml V. agnus-castus seeds essential oils. CONCLUSION Results of this study indicated that the oils of plant origin could be used as potential anti-Candida species causative agents of nosocomial infections. These oils exhibited a noticeable antifungal activity against the selected fungi. The natural antifungal substances are inexpensive and have fewer side effects, they may represent alternative therapies for candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Asdadi
- Équipe Planta Sud, laboratoire de biotechnologies végétales, faculté des sciences d'Agadir, université Ibn Zohr, BP 28/S, Agadir, Morocco.
| | - A Hamdouch
- Équipe Planta Sud, laboratoire de biotechnologies végétales, faculté des sciences d'Agadir, université Ibn Zohr, BP 28/S, Agadir, Morocco
| | - A Oukacha
- Laboratoire de biotechnologies végétales, lutte biologique et phytochimie, faculté des sciences d'Agadir, université Ibn Zohr, BP 28/S, Agadir, Morocco
| | - R Moutaj
- Laboratoire de parasitologie et de mycologie, hôpital militaire Avicenne, CHU Med VI, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - S Gharby
- Laboratoire de chimie des plantes et de synthèse organique et bioorganique, faculté des sciences, université Mohammed V-Agdal, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - H Harhar
- Laboratoire de chimie des plantes et de synthèse organique et bioorganique, faculté des sciences, université Mohammed V-Agdal, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M El Hadek
- Laboratoire de génie des procédés, faculté des sciences d'Agadir, université Ibn Zohr, BP 28/S, Agadir, Morocco
| | - B Chebli
- Laboratoire de mécanique de procédé de l'énergie et de l'environnement, école nationale des sciences appliquées, université Ibn Zohr, BP 1136, Agadir, Morocco
| | - L M Idrissi Hassani
- Équipe Planta Sud, laboratoire de biotechnologies végétales, faculté des sciences d'Agadir, université Ibn Zohr, BP 28/S, Agadir, Morocco
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Chain FE, Leyton P, Paipa C, Fortuna M, Brandán SA. FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-visible, and NMR spectroscopy and vibrational properties of the labdane-type diterpene 13-epi-sclareol. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 138:303-13. [PMID: 25498827 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-Visible and NMR spectroscopies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to study the structural and vibrational properties of the labdane-type diterpene 13-epi-sclareol using the hybrid B3LYP method together with the 6-31G(∗) basis set. Three stable structures with minimum energy found on the potential energy curves (PES) were optimized, and the corresponding molecular electrostatic potentials, atomic charges, bond orders, stabilization energies and topological properties were computed at the same approximation level. The complete assignment of the bands observed in the vibrational spectrum of 13-epi-sclareol was performed taking into account the internal symmetry coordinates for the three structures using the scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) methodology at the same level of theory. In addition, the force constants were calculated and compared with those reported in the literature for similar compounds. The predicted vibrational spectrum and the calculated (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR chemical shifts are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental results. The theoretical UV-Vis spectra for the most stable structure of 13-epi-sclareol demonstrate a better correlation with the corresponding experimental spectrum. The study of the three conformers by means of the theory of atoms in molecules (AIM) revealed different H bond interactions and a strong dependence of the interactions on the distance between the involved atoms. Furthermore, the natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations showed the characteristics of the electronic delocalization for the two six-membered rings with chair conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando E Chain
- INQUINOA-CONICET, Instituto de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Patricio Leyton
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carolina Paipa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 910, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Mario Fortuna
- Cátedra de Química Orgánica, Dpto. Cs. Básicas, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Néstor Kirchner, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvia A Brandán
- Cátedra de Química General, Instituto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Ovipositional response of tobacco budworm moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to cuticular labdanes and sucrose esters from the green leaves ofNicotiana glutinosa L. (Solanaceae). J Chem Ecol 2013; 17:2489-506. [PMID: 24258642 DOI: 10.1007/bf00994597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/1991] [Accepted: 08/19/1991] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Field plots of three accessions ofNicotiana glutinosa L. (Nicotiana species accessions 24, 24A, and 24B) at Oxford, North Carolina and Tifton, Georgia were heavily damaged by natural populations of tobacco budworms,Heliothis virescens (F.), during 1985-1989. Experiments in outdoor screen cages demonstrated that all accessions ofN. glutinosa were as prone to oviposition byH. virescens moths as was NC 2326, a commercial cultivar of flue-cured tobacco,N. tabacum L. However, in greenhouse experiments, tobacco budworm larvae did not survive or grow as well when placed on plants ofN. glutinosa as they did when placed on plants of NC 2326. Four labdane diterpenes (manool, 2-hydroxymanool, a mixture of sclareols, and labda-13-ene-8α,15-diol [labdenediol]) and two sucrose ester fractions (2,3,4-tri-O-acyl-3'-O-acetyl-sucrose [G-SE-I] and 2,3,4,-tri-O-acyl-sucrose [G-SE-II]) were isolated from green leaves of the three accessions ofN. glutinosa. These components were bioassayed for their effects on the ovipositional behavior of tobacco budworm moths using small screen cages in a greenhouse at Oxford, North Carolina. Labdenediol, manool, and both sucrose ester fractions stimulated tobacco budworm moths to oviposit on a tobacco budworm-resistant Tobacco Introduction, TI 1112 (PI 124166), when these materials were sprayed onto a leaf.
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Menetrez ML, Spurr HW, Danehower DA, Lawson DR. Influence of tobacco leaf surface chemicals on germination ofPeronospora tabacina adam sporangia. J Chem Ecol 2013; 16:1565-76. [PMID: 24263827 DOI: 10.1007/bf01014090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/1989] [Accepted: 09/05/1989] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic procedures were utilized to isolate and purify components of tobacco cuticular extracts and leaf surface chemicals.In vitro microbial bioassays determined the influence of these leaf surface compounds on germination and germ tube morphology ofP. tabacina sporangia, the tobacco blue mold pathogen, and to a lesser extentAlternaria alternata, the tobacco brown spot pathogen. Exposure to 10 μg/cm(2) of α- and β-duvatrienemonols, sucrose esters, or hydrocarbons did not inhibit germination, whereas germination was significantly decreased bycis-abienol.cis-Abienol did not inhibit sporangial germination when combined with sucrose esters or hydrocarbons at a combined 10 μg/cm(2). Germination of sporangia was completely inhibited by α- and β-duvatrienediols. In contrast to a previous report, α-DVT-diol was more inhibitory than the β isomer. Toxic effects of the DVT-diols were not altered by pH. Diluting the DVT-diols to less than 0.1 μg/cm(2) resulted in a small but significant stimulation of germination. Previously, the DVT-diols had been identified only as inhibitory toP. tabacina. None of the leaf surface chemicals affected germination ofA. alternata conidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Menetrez
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 27695, Raleigh, North Carolina
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11
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Kennedy BS, Nielsen MT, Severson RF, Sisson VA, Stephenson MK, Jackson DM. Leaf surface chemicals fromNicotiana affecting germination ofPeronospora tabacina (adam) sporangia. J Chem Ecol 2013; 18:1467-79. [PMID: 24254279 DOI: 10.1007/bf00993221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/1991] [Accepted: 04/15/1992] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A bioassay was used to evaluate the effects of cuticular leaf components, isolated fromN. tabacum, N. glutinosa (accessions 24 and 24a), and 23other Nicotiana species, on germinationof P. tabacina (blue mold). The leaf surface compounds includedα- andβ-4,8,13,-duvatriene-l,3-diols (DVT-diols), (13-E)-labda-13-ene-8α-,15-diol (labdenediol), (12-Z)-labda-12,14-diene-8α-ol (cis-abienol), (13-R)-labda-8,14-diene-13-ol (manool), 2-hydroxymanool, a mixture of (13-R)-labda-14-ene-8α,13-diol (sclareol), and (13-S)-labda-14-ene-8α,13-diol (episclareol), and various glucose and/or sucrose ester isolates. The above in acetone were applied onto leaf disks of the blue moldsusceptibleN. tabacum cv. TI 1406, which was then inoculated with blue mold sporangia. Estimated IC50 values (inhibitory concentration) were 3.0μg/cm(2) forα-DVT-diol, 2.9μ/cm(2) forβ-DVT-diol, 0.4μg/cm(2) for labdenediol and 4.7μg/cm(2) for the sclareol mixture. Manool, 2-hydroxymanool, andcis-abienol at application rates up to 30μg/cm(2) had little or no effect on sporangium germination. Glucose and/or sucrose ester isolates from the cuticular leaf extracts of 23Nicotiana species and three different fractions fromN. bigelovii were also evaluated for antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 30μg/cm(2). Germination was inhibited by >20% when exposed to sugar esters isolated fromN. acuminata, N. benthamiana, N. attenuata, N. clevelandii, andN. miersii, and accessions 10 and 12 ofN. bigelovii. These results imply that a number of compounds may influence resistance to blue mold in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Kennedy
- Department of Agronomy, University of Kentucky, 40546, Lexington, Kentucky
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12
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Seo S, Gomi K, Kaku H, Abe H, Seto H, Nakatsu S, Neya M, Kobayashi M, Nakaho K, Ichinose Y, Mitsuhara I, Ohashi Y. Identification of natural diterpenes that inhibit bacterial wilt disease in tobacco, tomato and Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 53:1432-44. [PMID: 22685082 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The soil-borne bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum invades a broad range of plants through their roots, resulting in wilting of the plant, but no effective protection against this disease has been developed. Two bacterial wilt disease-inhibiting compounds were biochemically isolated from tobacco and identified as sclareol and cis-abienol, labdane-type diterpenes. When exogenously applied to their roots, sclareol and cis-abienol inhibited wilt disease in tobacco, tomato and Arabidopsis plants without exhibiting any antibacterial activity. Microarray analysis identified many sclareol-responsive genes in Arabidopsis roots, including genes encoding or with a role in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and biosynthesis and signaling of defense-related molecules and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade components. Inhibition of wilt disease by sclareol was attenuated in Arabidopsis mutants defective in the ABC transporter AtPDR12, the MAPK MPK3, and ethylene and abscisic acid signaling pathways, and also in transgenic tobacco plants with reduced expression of NtPDR1, a tobacco homolog of AtPDR12. These results suggest that multiple host factors are involved in the inhibition of bacterial wilt disease by sclareol-related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemi Seo
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan.
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Jassbi AR, Zamanizadehnajari S, Baldwin IT. 17-Hydroxygeranyllinalool glycosides are major resistance traits of Nicotiana obtusifolia against attack from tobacco hornworm larvae. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:1115-21. [PMID: 20452633 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the Great Basin Desert, Nicotiana obtusifolia (synonymous with Nicotiana trigonophylla) and Nicotiana attenuata co-occur, but the former is frequently less attacked by larvae of the tobacco hornworm than the latter, despite having lower nicotine and trypsin protease inhibitor defenses. Glycosides of the diterpene, 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool (HGL-DTGs) have recently been found to be important defenses of N. attenuata. Total HGL-DTG levels are 5-fold higher in N. obtusifolia than in N. attenuata, and we characterize the three major HGL-DTGs purified from N. obtusifolia leaves as: 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-17-hydroxygeranyllinalool-17-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside; nicotinoside III and its malonic acid conjugates. Using APCI- and ESI-LC-MS, we also identified mono- and diacetyl-nicotinoside III and quercetin glycosides. To evaluate the defensive value of these HGL-DTGs, we used virus-induced-gene silencing to reduce the transcript levels of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase and total HGL-DTG levels in both species. When fed on silenced plants, larvae gained up to about two times more mass than those that fed on empty vector control plants of both species. We conclude that HGL-DTGs function as the most important direct defenses for both N. attenuata and N. obtusifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Reza Jassbi
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Pacheco AG, Machado de Oliveira P, Piló-Veloso D, Flávio de Carvalho Alcântara A. 13C-NMR data of diterpenes isolated from Aristolochia Species. Molecules 2009; 14:1245-62. [PMID: 19325521 PMCID: PMC6253992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14031245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Aristolochia, an important source of physiologically active compounds that belong to different chemical classes, is the subject of research in numerous pharmacological and chemical studies. This genus contains a large number of terpenoid compounds, particularly diterpenes. This work presents a compilation of the 13C-NMR data of 57 diterpenoids described between 1981 and 2007 which were isolated from Aristolochia species. The compounds are arranged skeletonwise in each section, according to their structures, i.e., clerodane, labdane, and kaurane derivatives. A brief discussion on the 13C chemical shifts of these diterpenes is also included.
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Choudhary MI, Siddiqui ZA, Hussain S. Structure elucidation and antibacterial activity of new fungal metabolites of sclareol. Chem Biodivers 2007; 3:54-61. [PMID: 17193216 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200690007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of the antibacterial diterpene sclareol (1) by two different fungal strains was investigated (Scheme). In the presence of Rhizopus stolonifer, (3beta)-3-hydroxysclareol (2), 18-hydroxysclareol (3), (6alpha)-6,18-dihydroxysclareol (4), and (11S)-11,18-dihydroxysclareol (5) were formed. Fermentation of 1 with Fusarium lini afforded (1beta)-1-hydroxysclareol (6) and (12S)-12-hydroxysclareol (7). Compounds 4-7 were identified as new compounds, and some of them were active against Bacillus subtilis (Table 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
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Sesquiterpenes Classified as Phytoalexins++Dedicated to Dr. Gonzalo Martin and Dr. Carlos Rivas Cols whose role as Head of the Chemistry Department (IVIC) was impressive and praiseworthy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(06)80028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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Campbell EJ, Schenk PM, Kazan K, Penninckx IAMA, Anderson JP, Maclean DJ, Cammue BPA, Ebert PR, Manners JM. Pathogen-responsive expression of a putative ATP-binding cassette transporter gene conferring resistance to the diterpenoid sclareol is regulated by multiple defense signaling pathways in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 133:1272-84. [PMID: 14526118 PMCID: PMC281622 DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.024182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are encoded by large gene families in plants. Although these proteins are potentially involved in a number of diverse plant processes, currently, very little is known about their actual functions. In this paper, through a cDNA microarray screening of anonymous cDNA clones from a subtractive library, we identified an Arabidopsis gene (AtPDR12) putatively encoding a member of the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) subfamily of ABC transporters. AtPDR12 displayed distinct induction profiles after inoculation of plants with compatible and incompatible fungal pathogens and treatments with salicylic acid, ethylene, or methyl jasmonate. Analysis of AtPDR12 expression in a number of Arabidopsis defense signaling mutants further revealed that salicylic acid accumulation, NPR1 function, and sensitivity to jasmonates and ethylene were all required for pathogen-responsive expression of AtPDR12. Germination assays using seeds from an AtPDR12 insertion line in the presence of sclareol resulted in lower germination rates and much stronger inhibition of root elongation in the AtPDR12 insertion line than in wild-type plants. These results suggest that AtPDR12 may be functionally related to the previously identified ABC transporters SpTUR2 and NpABC1, which transport sclareol. Our data also point to a potential role for terpenoids in the Arabidopsis defensive armory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Campbell
- Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Plant Protection, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Kouzi SA, Dowd PF, McChesney JD. Antiinsectan Activity of the Diterpene Sclareol and Analogs Against Fall ArmywormSpodoptera frugiperda. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/10575639608044896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ulubelen A, Topcu G, Eriş C, Sönmez U, Kartal M, Kurucu S, Bozok-Johansson C. Terpenoids from Salvia sclarea. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1994; 36:971-4. [PMID: 7765213 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)90474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
From an acetone extract of the whole plant Salvia sclarea, seven known diterpenes, sclareol, manool, salvipisone, ferruginol, microstegiol, candidissiol and 7-oxoroyleanone, and two new ones, 2,3-dehydrosalvipisone and 7-oxoferruginol-18-al, as well as two sesquiterpenes, caryophyllene oxide and spathulenol, alpha-amyrin, beta-sitosterol and the flavonoids apigenin, luteolin, 4'-methylapigenin, 6-hydroxyluteolin-6, 7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether, 6-hydroxy apigenin-7,4'-dimethyl ether were obtained. The diterpenoids and the sesquiterpenoids were tested for antimicrobial activity against standard bacterial strains and a yeast. 2,3-Dehydrosalvipisone, sclareol, manool, 7-oxoroyleanone, spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide were found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus, the first and third compound against Candida albicans and the last compound against Proteus mirabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ulubelen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Istanbul, Turkey
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Kouzi SA, McChesney JD, Walker LA. Identification of four biliary metabolites of the diterpene sclareol in the laboratory rat. Xenobiotica 1993; 23:621-32. [PMID: 8212736 DOI: 10.3109/00498259309059400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
1. Ag.l.c. method was developed to determine sclareol (1) and its microbial metabolites: 3-keto-sclareol (2), 2 alpha-hydroxysclareol (3), 3 alpha-hydroxysclareol (4), 3 beta-hydroxysclareol (5), 18-hydroxysclareol (6), and 2 alpha, 18-dihydroxysclareol (7) in both microbial cultures and biological fluids of the laboratory rat. 2. Metabolism of the diterpene (1) was studied in the laboratory rat. This in vivo study was facilitated by the availability of microbial metabolites of sclareol as reference standards, and the g.l.c. assay for sclareol and its metabolites in biological fluids. 3. Following i.v. treatment (100 mg/kg), the disappearance of (1) from rat plasma was rapid and biphasic. No microbial metabolites of sclareol were detectable in plasma. 4. Sclareol (1) and its microbial metabolites were not detected in rat urine following either i.v. or oral treatments; unchanged (1) was excreted in rat faeces to the extent of 9% of an oral dose in 48 h. 5. Following i.v. treatment, 0.02% dose was recovered in bile as unchanged (1). Four biliary metabolites of (1) (0.4% dose) were identified as (2), and (4)-(6) based on g.l.c.-mass spectrometry and comparisons with reference standards. All four biliary metabolites of (1) in rat have been identified as microbial metabolites of (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Kouzi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University 38677
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Kouzi SA, McChesney JD. Hydroxylation and glucoside conjugation in the microbial metabolism of the diterpene sclareol. Xenobiotica 1991; 21:1311-23. [PMID: 1796608 DOI: 10.3109/00498259109043206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. The microbial metabolism of sclareol (1), a labdane diterpene ditertiary alcohol, was studied. Preliminary screening identified a number of microorganisms capable of metabolizing sclareol. 2. Preparative scale fermentation of growing cultures of Bacillus cereus UI-1477 resulted in the production of seven metabolites which have been characterized as 3 beta-hydroxysclareol (2), 2 alpha-hydroxysclareol (3), 18-hydroxysclareol (4), 2 alpha,18-dihydroxysclareol (6), 8 alpha,13 beta-dihydroxy-labd-14-en-3 beta-O-beta-D-glucoside (5), 8 alpha,13 beta-dihydroxy-labd-14-en-18-O-beta-D-glucoside (7), and 8 alpha,13 beta-dihydroxy-labd-14-en-2 alpha-O-beta-D-glucoside (10) by chemical, enzymic, and spectral data, especially 2D-n.m.r. techniques and thermospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Kouzi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University 38677
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Kouzi SA, McChesney JD. Microbial Metabolism of the Diterpene Sclareol: Oxidation of the A Ring bySeptomyxa affinis. Helv Chim Acta 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19900730811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cohen Y, Eyal H, Goldschmidt Z, Sklarz B. A preformed chemical inhibitor of tobacco powdery mildew on leaves of Nicotiana glutinosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0048-4059(83)81004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zaki A, Zentmyer G, Pettus J, Sills J, Keen N, Sing V. Borbonol from Persea spp.-chemical properties and antifungal activity against Phytophthora cinnamomi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(80)90035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bailey J, Vincent G, Burden R. The antifungal activity of glutinosone and capsidiol and their accumulation in virus-infected tobacco species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(76)90005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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BAILEY JA, CARTER GA, BURDEN RS, WAIN RL. Control of rust diseases by diterpenes from Nicotiana glutinosa. Nature 1975. [DOI: 10.1038/255328a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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