Proteus alimentorum sp. nov., isolated from pork and lobster in Ma'anshan city, China

Two strains of Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic short-rod bacteria were recovered from two different food samples in Ma'anshan city, Anhui province, China in 2008. The bacteria were characterized in a polyphasic taxonomic study that included phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic methodologies. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that the two strains belonged to the genus Proteus and were most similar to Proteus vulgaris ATCC 29905^T with a score of 99.7 %. Phylogenetic analysis of the rpoB gene placed the two strains into a cluster with a distinctly interspecies phylogenetic branch that was clearly separated from six type strains of the genus Proteus, with the most closely related species being Proteus mirabilis ATCC 29906^T. In silico genomic comparisons, including in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis showed that the representative strain, 08MAS0041^T, and all six Proteus species share less than 70 % isDDH and have a 95 % ANI cutoff level, supporting the designation of the two strains as a novel species of the genus Proteus. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain 08MAS0041^T were C16 : 0 (24.8 %), C16 : 1ω7c/16 : 1ω6c (16.5 %), C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c (14.5 %), C17 : 0 cyclo (12.6 %) and C16 : 1iso I/C14 : 0 3-OH (10.6 %). The analysis of biochemical, phylogenetic and genomic data confirmed that the two strains were clearly different from all recognized species of the genus Proteus and represent a novel Proteus species, for which the name Proteus alimentorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 08MAS0041^T (=DSM 104685^T=CGMCC 1.15939^T).

Vibrio fujianensis sp. nov., isolated from aquaculture water

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic strain, designated FJ201301^T, was isolated from aquaculture water collected from Fujian province, China. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJ201301^T belonged to the genus Vibrio, formed a distinct cluster with Vibriocincinnatiensis ATCC 35912^T and shared the highest similarity with Vibriosalilacus CGMCC 1.12427^T. A 15 bp insertion found in the 16S rRNA gene was a significant marker that distinguished strain FJ201301^T from several phylogenetic neighbours (e.g. V. cincinnatiensis). Multilocus sequence analysis of eight genes (ftsZ, gapA, gyrB, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA and topA; concatenated 4135 bp sequence) showed that, forming a long and independent phylogenetic branch, strain FJ201301^T clustered with V. cincinnatiensis ATCC 35912^T, Vibrioinjenensis KCTC 32233^T and Vibriometschnikovii CIP 69.14^T clearly separated from V. salilacus CGMCC 1.12427^T. Furthermore, the highest in silico DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain FJ201301^T and the closest related species were 26.3 and 83.1 % with V. cincinnatiensis ATCC 35912^T, less than the proposed cutoff levels for species delineation, i.e. 70 and 95 %, respectively. Biochemical, sequence and genomic analysis suggested the designation of strain FJ201301^T representing a novel species of the genus Vibrio, for which the name Vibrio fujianensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJ201301^T (=DSM 104687^T=CGMCC 1.16099^T).