Seonamhaeicola maritimus sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and orange-pigmented bacterium, designated 1505^T, was isolated from marine sediment that was obtained off the coast of Weihai, PR China. Strain 1505^T was found to grow at 10-35 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, 7.5) and in the presence of 1-4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 %). Cells were positive for oxidase and catalase activity. The 16S rRNA gene based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain 1505^T were Seonamhaeicola algicola Gy8^T (97.1 %), Seonamhaeicola marinus B011^T (96.3 %) and Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis KCTC 32578^T (95.6 %). Based on phylogenomic analysis, the average nucleotide identity values between strain 1505^T and S. algicola Gy8^T, S. marinus B011^T and S. aphaedonensis KCTC 32578^T were 75.9, 76.0 and 77.7 %, respectively; the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values based on the draft genomes between strain 1505^T and S. algicola Gy8^T, S. marinus B011^T and S. aphaedonensis KCTC 32578^T were 20.0, 20.7 and 21.4 %, respectively. Menaquinone-6 (MK-6) was detected as the major respiratory quinone. The dominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C_15 : 1 G and C_18 : 1ω9c. The DNA G+C content of strain 1505^T was 33.3 mol%. The polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, six aminolipids and four unidentified lipids. Based on its phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain 1505^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Seonamhaeicola, for which the name Seonamhaeicola maritimus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1505^T (=KCTC 72528^T=MCCC 1H00389^T).

Seonamhaeicola sediminis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment

A novel Gram-stain-negative, orange, rod or curved rod, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain, designated strain W255^T, was isolated from Xiaoshi Island, Weihai, China. The strain W255^T grows optimally at a 28 °C, pH 7.5, and 3.0% (w/v) NaCl environment. Its colonies are circular, orange, non-transparent, smooth, and approximately 0.2-0.8 mm in diameter, after being cultured for 72 h on marine agar 2216. Cells of the strain W255^T are 0.3-0.8 µm wide and 1.0-4.0 µm long, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. The major cellular fatty acids are iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:1 G, and iso-C_15:0 3-OH. The sole respiratory quinone is MK-6. The major polar lipids include phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified amino lipid, one amino glycolipid, and two unidentified lipids (L1 and L2). The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain W255^T has the highest similarities with the type strain of the type species of the genus Seonamhaeicola, S. aphaedonensis KCTC 32578^T (97.2%), and moderate with 'S. acroporae' KCTC 62713^T (96.5%), S. algicola Gy8^T (95.4%) and S. marinus B011^T (94.5%). The ANI and dDDH values between strain W255^T and S. aphaedonensis KCTC 32578^T are 86.6% and 31.3%, respectively. The genomic DNA G + C content is 33.5 mol%. On the basis of gene annotation, it was observed that strain W255^T have the abilities of nitrate reduction and utilizing various carbon sources, suggesting that this strain might be an important participant in the nitrogen cycle and carbon cycle in the marine environment. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain W255^T has been considered as a novel species of the genus Seonamhaeicola, for which the name Seonamhaeicola sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is W255^T (= MCCC 1H00377^T = KCTC 72085^T).

Seonamhaeicola acroporae sp. nov., a marine species of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from the hard coral Acropora formosa

A novel marine flavobacterial species, designated 3KA7-17^T, was isolated from the hard coral Acropora formosa D. collected in Japan. The strain was pale-orange pigmented, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, coccus shaped, and non-motile. Preliminary analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed an affiliation with the family Flavobacteriaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes, and it had the greatest sequence similarity (96.0%) to Seonamhaeicola algicola Gy8^T. The DNA G + C content was 34.3 mol%. MK-6 was the major menaquinone, with iso-C15:1 H and/or C13:0 3-OH (24.3%), iso-C15:0 (19.5%), iso-C15:0 3-OH (14.2%), and iso-C17:0 3-OH (15.9%) as the main (> 10%) cellular fatty acids. The major polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, and two unidentified lipids. Based on distinct phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Seonamhaeicola, for which the name Seonamhaeicola acroporae sp. nov. is proposed and the type strain is 3KA7-17^T (= KCTC 62713^T = NBRC 113410^T).

Aestuariivivens insulae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated AH-MY3T, was isolated from a tidal flat on Aphae island of the south-western sea, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain AH-MY3T grew optimally at 35 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0–3.0  % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain AH-MY3T joined the cluster comprising the type strains of Yeosuana aromativorans, Snuella lapsa and Meridianimaribacter flavus, showing sequence similarities of 93.9, 93.7 and 92.6  %, respectively. Strain AH-MY3T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 94.0–94.7  % to the type strains of ‘Aestuariibaculum scopimerae’, Winogradskyella aquimaris, Winogradskyella poriferorum and Gaetbulibacter aestuarii. Strain AH-MY3T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. The fatty acid and polar lipid profiles of strain AH-MY3T could be distinguished from those of the type strains of phylogenetically related taxa. The DNA G+C content of strain AH-MY3T was 37 mol%. The phylogenetic data and differential chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties revealed that strain AH-MY3T represents a novel genus and species within the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Aestuariivivens insulae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Aestuariivivens insulae is AH-MY3T ( = KCTC 42350T = NBRC 110723T).