1
|
Strutzberg-Minder K, Ullerich A, Dohmann K, Boehmer J, Goris M. Comparison of Two Leptospira Type Strains of Serovar Grippotyphosa in Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) Diagnostics for the Detection of Infections with Leptospires in Horses, Dogs and Pigs. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090464. [PMID: 36136680 PMCID: PMC9503138 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Leptospires are bacteria of major health concern as they can cause severe systemic diseases in humans and animals alike. In routine diagnostics, the detection of a leptospirosis heavily relies on the analysis of specific antibodies that were generated by the immune system of an infected species. The most widely used test for the detection of such antibodies is the microscopic agglutination test which itself depends on defined types of laboratory grown Leptospires, so-called serovars. A good judgment of the behaviour of these serovars is vital for interpreting test results and clearly defining what type of Leptospires the patient is infected with as this may have implications for therapy and prognosis. In the following, a study on the reaction pattern of a certain type of serovars named ‘Grippotyphosa’ that itself can be divided into two differently reacting subtypes was conducted. It turned out that, depending on the animal species sampled, a differing reaction patterns to the two Grippotyphosa subtypes in the diagnostic test reflected different distribution of these subtypes in the respective populations. In the future, these insights will further improve test performance and assessment or results. Abstract The MAT test is of great importance in the diagnosis of leptospiral infections. Based on various differences, the serovar Grippotyphosa has been divided into two types, Moskva V and Duyster. Differences or similarities of the two type strains in the context of leptospiral diagnostics have not yet been elucidated in more detail; therefore both strains were analysed in MAT diagnostics for the detection of leptospiral infections in pigs, dogs and horses. Serum samples from 2996 pigs, 55 dogs and 35 horses, as well as vitreous and/or aqueous fluid samples from these and 13 additional horses were analysed by MAT; available supplementary samples were tested for leptospires by PCR. In pigs, 92.6% of the samples with both strains received an identical titre result in the MAT test, whereas in dogs and horses only 53.0% and 43.6% had concordant results. Since infections with the serovar Grippotyphosa occur more frequently in dogs and horses overall, more differences were observed here. In the case of discrepant serological results, supplementary samples and PCR examinations were not able to add information on the true status. Further analyses of follow-up studies or at least serum pairs from dogs and horses infected with the serovar Grippotyphosa are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Strutzberg-Minder
- IVD Innovative Veterinary Diagnostics (IVD GmbH), 30926 Seelze, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)511-22002910
| | - Astrid Ullerich
- IVD Innovative Veterinary Diagnostics (IVD GmbH), 30926 Seelze, Germany
| | - Karen Dohmann
- IVD Innovative Veterinary Diagnostics (IVD GmbH), 30926 Seelze, Germany
| | - Jan Boehmer
- IVD Innovative Veterinary Diagnostics (IVD GmbH), 30926 Seelze, Germany
| | - Marga Goris
- OIE and National Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Soman M, Mini M, Joseph S, Thomas J, Chacko N, Sumithra TG, Ambily R, Mani BK, Balan R. Cloning and sequence analysis of a partial CDS of leptospiral ligA gene in pET-32a - Escherichia coli DH5α system. Vet World 2018; 11:557-561. [PMID: 29805225 PMCID: PMC5960799 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.557-561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims at cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of a partial CDS of ligA gene in pET-32a - Escherichia coli DH5α system, with the objective of identifying the conserved nature of the ligA gene in the genus Leptospira. MATERIALS AND METHODS A partial CDS (nucleotide 1873 to nucleotide 3363) of the ligA gene was amplified from genomic DNA of Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR-amplified DNA was cloned into pET-32a vector and transformed into competent E. coli DH5α bacterial cells. The partial ligA gene insert was sequenced and the nucleotide sequences obtained were aligned with the published ligA gene sequences of other Leptospira serovars, using nucleotide BLAST, NCBI. Phylogenetic analysis of the gene sequence was done by maximum likelihood method using Mega 6.06 software. RESULTS The PCR could amplify the 1491 nucleotide sequence spanning from nucleotide 1873 to nucleotide 3363 of the ligA gene and the partial ligA gene could be successfully cloned in E. coli DH5α cells. The nucleotide sequence when analyzed for homology with the reported gene sequences of other Leptospira serovars was found to have 100% homology to the 1910 bp to 3320 bp sequence of ligA gene of L. interrogans strain Kito serogroup Canicola. The predicted protein consisted of 470 aminoacids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ligA gene was conserved in L.interrogans species. CONCLUSION The partial ligA gene could be successfully cloned and sequenced from E. coli DH5α cells. The sequence showed 100% homology to the published ligA gene sequences. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the conserved nature of the ligA gene. Further studies on the expression and immunogenicity of the partial LigA protein need to be carried out to determine its competence as a subunit vaccine candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manju Soman
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur - 680 651, Kerala, India
| | - Mangattuparambil Mini
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur - 680 651, Kerala, India
| | - Siju Joseph
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Jobin Thomas
- Unidad de Sanidad y Biotecnologia (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Ronda de Toledo s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Nirmal Chacko
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Dispensary Balanthode, Panathady, Kasargod,Kerala, India
| | - T. G. Sumithra
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam North, Cochin - 682 018, Kerala, India
| | - R. Ambily
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur - 680 651, Kerala, India
| | - Binu K. Mani
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur - 680 651, Kerala, India
| | - Rinsha Balan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur - 680 651, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Boonsilp S, Thaipadungpanit J, Amornchai P, Wuthiekanun V, Bailey MS, Holden MTG, Zhang C, Jiang X, Koizumi N, Taylor K, Galloway R, Hoffmaster AR, Craig S, Smythe LD, Hartskeerl RA, Day NP, Chantratita N, Feil EJ, Aanensen DM, Spratt BG, Peacock SJ. A single multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for seven pathogenic Leptospira species. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e1954. [PMID: 23359622 PMCID: PMC3554523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The available Leptospira multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme supported by a MLST website is limited to L. interrogans and L. kirschneri. Our aim was to broaden the utility of this scheme to incorporate a total of seven pathogenic species. Methodology and Findings We modified the existing scheme by replacing one of the seven MLST loci (fadD was changed to caiB), as the former gene did not appear to be present in some pathogenic species. Comparison of the original and modified schemes using data for L. interrogans and L. kirschneri demonstrated that the discriminatory power of the two schemes was not significantly different. The modified scheme was used to further characterize 325 isolates (L. alexanderi [n = 5], L. borgpetersenii [n = 34], L. interrogans [n = 222], L. kirschneri [n = 29], L. noguchii [n = 9], L. santarosai [n = 10], and L. weilii [n = 16]). Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated sequences of the 7 loci demonstrated that each species corresponded to a discrete clade, and that no strains were misclassified at the species level. Comparison between genotype and serovar was possible for 254 isolates. Of the 31 sequence types (STs) represented by at least two isolates, 18 STs included isolates assigned to two or three different serovars. Conversely, 14 serovars were identified that contained between 2 to 10 different STs. New observations were made on the global phylogeography of Leptospira spp., and the utility of MLST in making associations between human disease and specific maintenance hosts was demonstrated. Conclusion The new MLST scheme, supported by an updated MLST website, allows the characterization and species assignment of isolates of the seven major pathogenic species associated with leptospirosis. Leptospirosis is a common zoonotic disease worldwide. Genotyping of the causative organisms provides important insights into disease transmission and informs preventive strategies and vaccine development. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is the most widespread genotyping methodology for bacterial pathogens, but the Leptospira scheme supported by a public MLST database is currently only applicable to L. interrogans and L. kirschneri. The purpose of this study was to extend the scheme to a total of seven pathogenic Leptospira species. This was achieved through the development of a modified scheme in which one of the seven MLST loci was replaced, together with newly designed primers for the remaining 6 loci. Comparison of the original and modified scheme demonstrated that they were very similar, hence sequence type (ST) assignments were largely carried over to the modified scheme. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed from concatenated sequences of the seven loci of the modified scheme demonstrated perfect classification of isolates into seven pathogenic species, which resided in clearly distinct phylogenetic clusters. Congruence was low between STs and serovars. The MLST scheme was used to gain new insights into the population genetic structure of Leptospira species associated with clinical disease and maintenance hosts in Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siriphan Boonsilp
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Janjira Thaipadungpanit
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Premjit Amornchai
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vanaporn Wuthiekanun
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mark S. Bailey
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cuicai Zhang
- Department of Leptospirosis, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiugao Jiang
- Department of Leptospirosis, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyle Taylor
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Renee Galloway
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alex R. Hoffmaster
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Scott Craig
- WHO/FAO/OIE Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Services Support Agency, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lee D. Smythe
- WHO/FAO/OIE Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Services Support Agency, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rudy A. Hartskeerl
- WHO/FAO/OIE and National Leptospirosis Reference Centre, KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas P. Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Edward J. Feil
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Aanensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian G. Spratt
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon J. Peacock
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmed A, Anthony RM, Hartskeerl RA. A simple and rapid molecular method for Leptospira species identification. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 10:955-62. [PMID: 20547247 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Serological and DNA-based classification systems only have little correlation. Currently serological and molecular methods for characterizing Leptospira are complex and costly restricting their world-wide distribution and use. Ligation mediated amplification combined with microarray analysis avoids many of these drawbacks. We demonstrated that this approach used in the Check-Points (CP) assay can successfully applied for the generic detection of Leptospira and can discriminate between saprophytic, intermediate and pathogenic species. In addition, the CP assay could unambiguously detect strains of seven pathogenic species and revealed discrepancies in previous speciation and culture collections. The method provides a valuable tool adding to the molecular study of leptospires and their local and global distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ahmed
- WHO/FAO/OIE and National Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Meibergdreef 39, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Slack AT, Galloway RL, Symonds ML, Dohnt MF, Smythe LD. Reclassification of Leptospira meyeri serovar Perameles to Leptospira interrogans serovar Perameles through serological and molecular analysis: evidence of a need for changes to current procedures in Leptospira taxonomy. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:1199-203. [PMID: 19406819 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.000992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been recognized that there is heterogeneity among Leptospira isolates in culture collections worldwide, causing confounding results for researchers utilizing these organisms; one such culture is Leptospira meyeri serovar Perameles. The serovar reference strain Bandicoot 343 was previously identified to the species level by DNA-DNA hybridization; however, subsequent published studies demonstrated results that contradicted the initial speciation. In this study, initial serological testing was performed with isolates from the culture collections of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, USA (strain Lepto0214), and the WHO/FAO/OIE Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Brisbane, Australia (strain Bandicoot 343), and the original serovar Perameles hyperimmune antiserum produced in 1964. The results indicated that strain Lepto0214 was not serologically reactive to the antiserum. However, further investigations revealed an alternative serovar Perameles strain held in the CDC collection (Lepto0213) that yielded titres against the antiserum. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the three strains revealed that Lepto0214 had significant sequence similarity with previously sequenced L. meyeri strains; however, strains Lepto0213 and Bandicoot 343 had significant similarity with Leptospira interrogans strains. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results were confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; Lepto0214 had a pattern similar to that of L. meyeri serovar Hardjo strain Went 5, and the pattern differed significantly from those of Lepto0213 and Bandicoot 343. This research provides evidence for the reclassification of serovar Perameles from L. meyeri to L. interrogans. This reclassification highlights a need for changes to how reference Leptospira serovars are identified, disseminated and stored, with the aim of reducing heterogeneity of reference strains between culture collections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Slack
- WHO/FAO/OIE Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|