Chryseobacterium sediminis sp. nov., isolated from a river sediment

Chryseobacterium panacisoli sp. nov., isolated from ginseng-cultivation soil with ginsenoside-converting activity

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic, rod-shaped and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain Gsoil 183^T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivation soil sampled in Pocheon Province, Republic of Korea. This bacterium was characterized to determine its taxonomic position by using a polyphasic approach. Strain Gsoil 183^T grew at 10-37 °C and at pH 5.0-9.0 on tryptic soy agar. Strain Gsoil 183^T had β-glucosidase activity, which was responsible for its ability to convert ginsenoside Rb1 (one of the dominant active components of ginseng) to F2. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, strain Gsoil 183^T clustered with species of the genus Chryseobacterium and appeared to be closely related to Chryseobacterium sediminis LMG 28695^T (99.1 % sequence similarity), Chryseobacterium lactis NCTC 11390^T (98.6%), Chryseobacterium rhizoplanae LMG 28481^T (98.6%), Chryseobacterium oncorhynchi CCUG 60105^T (98.5%), Chryseobacterium viscerum CCUG 60103^T (98.4%) and Chryseobacterium joostei DSM 16927^T (98.3%). Menaquinone MK-6 was the predominant respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were iso-C_15 : 0, iso-C_17 : 0-3OH and summed feature 3 (C_16 : 1  ω6c and/or C_16 : 1  ω7c). The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, six unidentified glycolipids, five unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.6 mol%. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization between strain Gsoil 183^T and the type strains of C. sediminis, C. lactis, C. rhizoplanae, C. oncorhynchi, C. viscerum and C. joostei resulted in values below 70 %. Strain Gsoil 183^T could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from the recognized species of the genus Chryseobacterium. The isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Chryseobacterium panacisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain Gsoil 183^T (=KACC 15033^T=LMG 23397^T).

Frigoriflavimonas asaccharolytica gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel psychrophilic esterase and protease producing bacterium isolated from Antarctica

The rod-shaped and Gram-stain-negative bacterial strain 16F^T, isolated from an air sample collected at King George Island, maritime Antarctica, was investigated to determine its taxonomic status. Strain 16F^T is strictly aerobic, catalase positive, oxidase positive and non-motile. Strain 16F^T hydrolyses casein, lecithin, Tween 20, 60 and 80, but not aesculin, gelatin and starch. Growth of strain 16F^T is observed at 0-20 °C (optimum 10 °C), pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 6.0), and in the presence of 0-2.0% NaCl (optimum 0.5%). The predominant menaquinone is MK-6, and the major fatty acids comprise anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_15:0. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, ornithine lipid OL2, unidentified phospholipid PL1 and the unidentified lipids L3 and L6 lacking functional groups. The DNA G + C content based on the draft genome sequence is 32.3 mol%. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicates the highest similarity to Kaistella palustris 3A10^T (95.4%), Kaistella chaponensis Sa 1147-06 ^T (95.2%), Kaistella antarctica AT1013^T (95.1%), Kaistella carnis NCTC 13525 ^T (95.1%) and below 95.0% to other species with validly published names. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences places strain 16F^T in a distinct branch, indicating a separate lineage within the family Weeksellaceae. Based on the data from our polyphasic approach, 16F^T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Frigoriflavimonas asaccharolytica gen. nov, sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 16F^T (= CCM 8975 ^T = CGMCC No.1.16844 ^T).

Chryseobacterium lineare sp. nov., isolated from a limpid stream

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, XC0022T, isolated from freshwater of a limpid stream in Zhejiang, China, was studied using a polyphasic approach. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences clearly showed an allocation to the genus Chryseobacterium with the highest sequence similarities of 98.0 % to Chryseobacterium taeanense PHA3-4T, 97.2 % to Chryseobacterium taihuense THMBM1T, 97.1 % to Chryseobacterium rigui CJ16T and 97.1 % to Chryseobacteriumprofundimaris DY46T. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other species of the genus Chryseobacterium were below 97.0 % (92.3-96.8 %). DNA-DNA hybridization results showed that strain XC0022T was 55.3 %, 49.8 % and 31.1 % related to C. taeanense DSM 17071T, Chryseobacteriumtaichungense DSM 17453T and Chryseobacteriumgleum JCM 2410T, respectively. The quinone system was composed only of MK-6. Strain XC0022T possessed iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C18 : 1ω9c and summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH/C16 : 1ω7c) as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids profile consisted of one phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified glycolipid, four unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 29.7 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain XC0022T (=KCTC 52364T=MCCC 1K02723T) represents a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the name Chryseobacterium lineare sp. nov. is proposed.