Sabulicella glaciei sp. nov., Isolated from Glacier, and Reclassification of Roseomonas rubea, Roseomonas ponticola and Roseomonas oleicola as Neoroseomonas rubea comb. nov., Falsiroseomonas ponticola comb. nov. and Falsiroseomonas oleicola comb. nov

A Gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped strain, MDT2-1-1T, was isolated from cryoconite samples collected from the Midui glacier in Tibet, China. It grew aerobically from 7 to 40 °C, within a pH range of 6.0-10.0, and in NaCl concentration of 0 to 1.0% (w/v). The pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains MDT2-1-1T and Sabulicella rubraurantiaca SYSU D01096T were 99.4%, 89.7% and 38.9%, respectively. Considering the results from phylogeny, phenotypic and genotypic data, strain MDT2-1-1T (=CGMCC 1.11170T = NBRC 110485T) was suggested to represent a novel species of the genus Sabulicella, for which the name Sabulicella glaciei sp. nov. is proposed. Furthermore, based on the phylogenomic analysis, it is recommended that Roseomonas rubea, Roseomonas ponticola and Roseomonas oleicola be reclassified as Neoroseomonas rubea comb. nov., Falsiroseomonas ponticola comb. nov. and Falsiroseomonas oleicola comb. nov., respectively. Considering the illegitimate status of the genera names Pararoseomonas and Pseudoroseomonas, the species within the genera Pararoseomonas and Pseudoroseomonas should be transferred to Muricoccus and Teichococcus, respectively. Therefore, we proposed the following new combinations: Muricoccus aeriglobus comb. nov., Muricoccus aerilatus comb. nov., Muricoccus harenae comb. nov., Muricoccus nepalensis comb. nov., Muricoccus pecuniae comb. nov., Muricoccus radiodurans comb. nov., Muricoccus vinaceus comb. nov., Teichococcus aerofrigidensis comb. nov., Teichococcus aerophilus comb. nov., Teichococcus aestuarii comb. nov., Teichococcus cervicalis comb. nov., Teichococcus coralli comb. nov., Teichococcus deserti comb. nov., Teichococcus globiformis comb. nov., Teichococcus hibiscisoli comb. nov., Teichococcus musae comb. nov., Teichococcus oryzae comb. nov., Teichococcus rhizosphaerae comb. nov., Teichococcus ruber comb. nov., Teichococcus suffuscus comb. nov., Teichococcus vastitatis comb. nov., and Teichococcus wenyumeiae comb. nov.

Roseomonas oleicola sp. nov., isolated from an oil production mixture in Yumen Oilfield, and emended description of Roseomonas frigidaquae

A pink, ovoid-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic and motile bacterial strain, designated ROY-5-3^T, was isolated from an oil production mixture from Yumen Oilfield in PR China. The strain grew at 4-42 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum, 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%). The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that ROY-5-3^T belongs to the genus Roseomonas and shared the highest pairwise similarities with Roseomonas frigidaquae CW67^T (98.1%), Roseomonas selenitidurans BU-1^T (97.8%), Roseomonas tokyonensis K-20^T (97.7%) and Roseomonas stagni HS-69^T (97.3%). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between ROY-5-3^T and other related type strains of Roseomonas species were less than 84.08 and 28.60 %, respectively, both below the species delineation threshold. Pan-genomic analysis showed that the novel isolate ROY-5-3^T shared 3265 core gene families with the four closely related type strains in Roseomonas, and the number of strain-specific gene families was 513. The major fatty acids were identified as summed feature 8 (C_{18 : 1} ω6c/C_{18 : 1} ω7c), summed feature 3 (C_{16 : 1} ω6c/C_{16 : 1} ω7c) and C_{16 : 0}. Strain ROY-5-3^T contained Q-10 as the main ubiquinone and the genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Based on the phylogenetic, morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and genome analyses, strain ROY-5-3^T represents a novel species of the genus Roseomonas for which the name Roseomonas oleicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ROY-5-3^T (=CGMCC 1.13459^T =KCTC 82484^T).

Phylotaxogenomics for the Reappraisal of the Genus Roseomonas With the Creation of Six New Genera

The genus Roseomonas is a significant group of bacteria which is invariably of great clinical and ecological importance. Previous studies have shown that the genus Roseomonas is polyphyletic in nature. Our present study focused on generating a lucid understanding of the phylogenetic framework for the re-evaluation and reclassification of the genus Roseomonas. Phylogenetic studies based on the 16S rRNA gene and 92 concatenated genes suggested that the genus is heterogeneous, forming seven major groups. Existing Roseomonas species were subjected to an array of genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic analyses in order to resolve the heterogeneity. Genomic similarity indices (dDDH and ANI) indicated that the members were well-defined at the species level. The Percentage of Conserved Proteins (POCP) and the average Amino Acid Identity (AAI) values between the groups of the genus Roseomonas and other interspersing members of the family Acetobacteraceae were below 65 and 70%, respectively. The pan-genome evaluation depicted that the pan-genome was an open type and the members shared 958 core genes. This claim of reclassification was equally supported by the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic differences between the groups. Thus, in this study, we propose to re-evaluate and reclassify the genus Roseomonas and propose six novel genera as Pararoseomonas gen. nov., Falsiroseomonas gen. nov., Paeniroseomonas gen. nov., Plastoroseomonas gen. nov., Neoroseomonas gen. nov., and Pseudoroseomonas gen. nov.

Roseomonas hellenica sp. nov., isolated from roots of wild-growing Alkanna tinctoria

Two Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and yellow-orange pigmented bacterial strains (LMG 31523^T and LMG 31524) were isolated from roots of wild-growing Alkanna tinctoria plants collected near Thessaloniki, Greece. Analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that they form a separate cluster related to the genus Roseomonas. A comparative whole genome analysis of the two strains and the type strains of related Roseomonas species revealed average nucleotide identity values from 78.84 and 80.32%. The G + C contents of the genomic DNA of strains LMG 31523^T and LMG 31524 were 69.69% and 69.74%, respectively. Combined data from phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic studies indicated that the strains LMG 31523^T and LMG 31524 represent a novel species of the genus Roseomonas. Genome analysis of the new strains showed a number of genes involved in survival in the rhizosphere environment and in plant colonization and confirmed the endophytic characteristics of LMG 31523^T and LMG 31524. Since the strains LMG 31523^T and LMG 31524 were isolated from a plant collected in Greece the name Roseomonas hellenica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LMG 31523^T (=CECT 30032^T).

Roseomonas vastitatis sp. nov. isolated from Badain Jaran desert in China

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, coccobacillus-shaped bacterium, designated CPCC 101021^T, was isolated from a sandy soil sample collected from Badain Jaran desert, China. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence was closely related to those of members of the genus Roseomonas, showing high similarities with Roseomonas hibiscisoli THG-N2.22^T (98.0 %), Roseomonas oryzae KCTC 42542^T (97.9 %), Roseomonas rhizosphaerae YW11^T (97.9 %) and Roseomonas suffusca S1^T (97.8 %). In the phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CPCC 101021^T formed a distinct subclade with R. oryzae KCTC 42542^T within the genus Roseomonas. Growth of the isolate occurred at 15-37 °C and pH 6.0-8.5, with optimal growth at 30 °C and pH 7.0. The major cellular fatty acids were C_18 : 1ω7c, summed feature 8 (C_16 : 1ω7c/C_16 : 1ω6c), summed feature 3 (C_16 : 1ω6c/C_16 : 1ω7c) and C_16 : 0ω6c. Q-10 was detected as the main component in the respiratory quinone system, with Q-9 as a minor component. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified glycolipid were found in the polar lipid profile. The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.7 mol%. The average nucleotide identity was 84.6 % when comparing the draft genome sequences of strain CPCC 101021^T with R. oryzae KCTC 42542^T. On the basis of genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics, strain CPCC 101021^T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Roseomonas with the name Roseomonas vastitatis sp. nov. Strain CPCC 101021^T (=J1A743^T=KCTC 62043^T) is the type strain of the species.

Roseomonas fluminis sp. nov. isolated from sediment of a shallow stream

An aerobic, Gram-negative, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, and ovoid-shaped bacterium, designated D3^T, was isolated from shallow stream sediments in Sinan-gun, South Korea. Growth occurred at 15-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0), and at an optimum NaCl concentration of 0.5 % (w/v). The major cellular fatty acids (>7 % of the total) were C16 : 0, C18 : 0 2-OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c). The predominant quinone was ubiquinone-10, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain D3^T was 73.1 mol%. The major polyamine was spermidine. The major polar lipids of the isolate were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain D3^T clustered with Roseomonas aquatica TR53^T within the genus Roseomonas. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain D3^T showed the highest sequence similarity to R. aquatica TR53^T (95.9 %), followed by Roseomonas rosea 173-96^T (95.7 %) and Roseomonas aerilata 5420S-30^T (95.0 %). Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characterization, strain D3^T represents a novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the name Roseomonas fluminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D3^T (=KACC 19269^T=JCM 31968^T).