Hymenobacter polaris sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from an Arctic station

Hymenobacter endophyticus sp. nov., isolated from wheat leaf tissue

A bacterium, designated strain ZK17L-C2T, was isolated from the leaf tissues of wheat (Triticum aestivum) collected in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China. It is aerobic, non-motile, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and red-to-pink in colour. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ZK17L-C2T belonged to the genus Hymenobacter and was most closely related to Hymenobacter rigui KCTC 12533T (98.68 %) and Hymenobacter metallilatus 9PBR-2T (98.19 %). Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain ZK17L-C2T and these two type strains were 26.6 and 26.5 %, and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were 84.9 and 84.8 %, respectively; these values are lower than the proposed and generally accepted species boundaries for dDDH and ANI. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain ZK17L-C2T was 59.4 mol%. It can grow at pH 5.5-7.5 and 15-30 °C, which is different from the closely related type strains. The major fatty acids of strain ZK17L-C2T were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 0. Overall, the results from biochemical, chemical taxonomy and phylogenetic analyses indicate that strain ZK17L-C2T (=CGMCC 1.19373T=KCTC 92184 T) represents a new species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter endophyticus sp. nov. is proposed.

Hymenobacter canadensis sp. nov., isolated from freshwater of the pond in Cambridge Bay, Canada

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, reddish-coloured, rod-shaped and non-motile strain PAMC 29467^T, was isolated from freshwater of the pond in Cambridge Bay, Canada. Strain PAMC 29467^T was closely related to Hymenobacter yonginensis (98.1 % 16S rRNA gene similarity). Genomic relatedness analyses showed that strain PAMC 29467^T is distinguishable from H. yonginensis based on average nucleotide identity (91.3 %) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values (39.3 %). The major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain PAMC 29467^T were summed feature 3 (C_16 : 1  ω7c and/or C_16 : 1  ω6c), C_15 : 0 iso, C_16 : 1  ω5c and summed feature 4 (C_17 : 1 iso l and/or anteiso B). The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7. The genomic DNA G+C content was 61.5 mol%. Strain PAMC 29467^T was separated from the type species in the genus Hymenobacter by its distinct phylogenetic position and some physiological characteristics. As a result, a novel species is proposed, with the name Hymenobacter canadensis sp. nov. (type strain, PAMC 29467^T=KCTC 92787^T=JCM 35843^T).

Hymenobacter translucens sp. nov. and Hymenobacter pini sp. nov. isolated from soil

Two novel bacterial strains BT175^T and BT728^T were isolated from soil collected in the Republic of Korea. Both strains were Gram stain negative, rod shaped, and had circular, convex, and pink-colored colonies. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the strains BT175^T and BT728^T was 93.6%, indicating that they represent a distinct species. 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that strains BT175^T and BT728^T belong to a distinct lineage within the genus Hymenobacter (family Hymenobacteraceae, order Cytophagales, class Cytophagia, phylum Bacteroidetes). Strain BT175^T was closely related to Hymenobacter persicinus 1-3-3-3^T (97.2%, 16S rRNA gene similarity), Hymenobacter knuensis 16F7C-2^T (96.6%), and Hymenobacter daejeonensis PB105^T (96.1%). Strain BT728^T was closely related to Hymenobacter rigui KCTC 12533^T (98.4%), Hymenobacter metallilatus 9PBR-2^T (97.6%), and Hymenobacter perfusus LMG26000^T (97.4%). Strain BT175^T and BT728^T were found to have the MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone. The DNA G + C content of strain BT175^T was 61.6 mol% and BT728^T was 59.6 mol%, respectively. Characterization based on polyphasic analysis indicated that strains BT175^T and BT728^T represent novel species of the genus Hymenobacter and the names Hymenobacter translucens sp. nov. and Hymenobacter pini sp. nov. are proposed. The type strain of Hymenobacter translucens is BT175^T (= KCTC 72330^T = NBRC 115441^T) and Hymenobacter pini is BT728^T (= KACC 22629^T = NBRC 115444^T).

Hymenobacter siberiensis sp. nov., isolated from a marine sediment of the East Siberian Sea and Hymenobacter psoromatis sp. nov., isolated from an Antarctic lichen

Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, red-pink-coloured, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strains PAMC 29290, PAMC 29294T and PAMC 29296 were isolated from marine surface sediment sampled in the East Siberian Sea and strains PAMC 26553 and PAMC 26554T were obtained from an Antarctic lichen. Strains PAMC 29290, PAMC 29294T and PAMC 29296 were closely related to Hymenobacter artigasi (98.8 % 16S rRNA gene similarity), Hymenobacter antarcticus (97.3 %) and Hymenobacter glaciei (96.9 %), and PAMC 26553 and PAMC 26554T showed high similarity to Hymenobacter ginsengisoli (97.0 %), Hymenobacter rivuli (96.1 %) and Hymenobacter setariae (95.9 %). Genomic relatedness analyses showed that strains PAMC 29290, PAMC 29294T and PAMC 29296 could be distinguished from H. artigasi by average nucleotide identity (ANI; 93.1–93.2 %) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH; 50.3–51.0 %) values. Strains PAMC 26553 and PAMC 26554T could be clearly distinguished from H. ginsengisoli with ANI values <79.8 % and dDDH values <23.3 %. The major fatty acids of strains PAMC 29290, PAMC 29294T and PAMC 29296 were C15 : 0 iso (21.0–26.0 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c; 17.4–18.2 %), C15 : 0 anteiso (12.7–19.1 %) and summed feature 4 (C17 : 1 iso I and/or anteiso B; 8.6–16.1 %) and those of strains PAMC 26553 and PAMC 26554T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c; 20.7–22.2 %), C15 : 0 anteiso (17.5–19.7 %) and summed feature 4 (C17 : 1 iso I and/or anteiso B; 15.5–18.1 %). The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The genomic DNA G+C contents were 60.6–60.8 mol%. The polar lipids of PAMC 29294T were found to consist of phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified aminolipids, an unidentified aminophospholipid and five unidentified lipids; those of PAMC 26554T were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminolipids, four unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids. The distinct phylogenetic position and some physiological characteristics distinguished the novel strains from closely related type strains in the genus Hymenobacter . Thus, two novel species are proposed, with the names Hymenobacter siberiensis sp. nov. (type strain, PAMC 29294T=KCTC 82466T=JCM 34574T) and Hymenobacter psoromatis sp. nov. (type strain, PAMC 26554T=KCTC 82464T=JCM 34572T), respectively.

Hymenobacter armeniacus sp. nov. and Hymenobacter montanus sp. nov., two radiation-resistant bacteria from soil

Two bacterial strains, designated BT189T and BT664T, were isolated from soil sampled in the Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains BT189T and BT664T belonged to the genus Hymenobacter , family Hymenobacteraceae (order Cytophagales ). The 16S rRNA genes of the two strains shared a sequence similarity of 93.7 %. The closely related species of strain BT189T were Hymenobacter rubidus DG7BT (97.1 % 16S rRNA similarity) and Hymenobacter terrae DG7AT (96.7 %). The closest related species to strain BT664T were Hymenobacter sedentarius DG5BT (95.3 %) and Hymenobacter terrenus MIMtkLc17T (95.2 %). The genome sizes of strains BT189T and BT664T were 5 285 287 and 5 475 357 bp, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains BT189T and BT664T were 63.2 and 59.3 mol%, respectively. The main fatty acids of strain BT189T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1  ω6c/C16 : 1  ω7c), and those of strain BT664T were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1  ω5c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1  ω6c/C16 : 1  ω7c). The main polar lipid in both strains was phosphatidylethanolamine and the predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, supporting the affiliation of these strains with the genus Hymenobacter . Based on the results of biochemical, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, two novel species, Hymenobacter armeniacus BT189T (=KCTC 72341T=NBRC 114843T) and Hymenobacter montanus BT664T (KACC 21967T=NBRC 114856T), are proposed.

Hymenobacter telluris sp. nov., isolated from soil in South Korea

Two novel bacterial strains, designated as BT186^T and BT505, were isolated from a soil sample collected in South Korea and characterized. Both strains were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, circular, convex, and had red-colored colonies. The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the strains BT186^T and BT505 was 100%, indicating that they represent an identical species. 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that strains BT186^T and BT505 belong to a distinct lineage within the genus Hymenobacter (family Hymenobacteraceae, order Cytophagales, class Cytophagia, phylum Bacteroidetes, Kingdom Bacteria). Both strains were closely related to Hymenobacter norwichensis DSM 15439^T (98.3% 16S rRNA gene similarity), Hymenobacter aquaticus JCM 31653^T (96.8%), and Hymenobacter perfusus LMG26000^T (96.5%). Strain BT186^T was found to have the MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone. The major polar lipid of strain BT186^T was identified to be phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The major cellular fatty acid profiles of strain BT186^T were C_16:1 ω5c (24.3%), iso-C_15:0 (20.3%) and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω6c/C_16:1 ω7c) (19.9%). Characterization based on polyphasic analysis indicated that strains BT186^T and BT505 represent novel species of the genus Hymenobacter and the name Hymenobacter telluris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Hymenobacter telluris is BT186^T (= KCTC 72338^T = NBRC 114968^T).

Ice Melt-Induced Variations of Structural and Functional Traits of the Aquatic Microbial Community along an Arctic River (Pasvik River, Norway)

The effects of climate change-induced ice melting on the microbial communities in different glacial-fed aquatic systems have been reported, but seasonal dynamics remain poorly investigated. In this study, the structural and functional traits of the aquatic microbial community were assessed along with the hydrological and biogeochemical variation patterns of the Arctic Pasvik River under riverine and brackish conditions at the beginning (May = Ice-melt (−)) and during the ice-melting season (July = Ice-melt (+)). The microbial abundance and morphometric analysis showed a spatial diversification between the riverine and brackish stations. Results highlighted different levels of microbial respiration and activities with different carbon and phosphorous utilization pathways, thus suggesting an active biogeochemical cycling along the river especially at the beginning of the ice-melting period. At Ice-melt (−), Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria were dominant in riverine and brackish stations, respectively. Conversely, at Ice-melt (+), the microbial community composition was more homogeneously distributed along the river (Gammaproteobacteria > Alphaproteobacteria > Bacteroidetes). Our findings provide evidence on how riverine microbial communities adapt and respond to seasonal ice melting in glacial-fed aquatic ecosystems.

Hymenobacter properus sp. nov., Hymenobacter ruricola sp. nov., and Hymenobacter jeongseonensis sp. nov., three new species isolated from mountain and beach soil in South Korea

Three Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, circular, convex, red-colored and rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated BT439^T, BT662^T and BT683^T were obtained from soil collected in South Korea. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of the strains revealed a distinct lineage within the genus Hymenobacter. The complete genome sequence of strains BT439^T, BT662^T and BT683^T is 5,542,738 bp, 5,964,541 bp, and 5,192,601 bp size, respectively. All three strains were found to have MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids of strains BT439^T and BT662^T were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, aminophospholipids and amino lipids. Strain BT683^T contained phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids of strain BT439^T were iso-C_15:0, summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω6c/C_16:1 ω7c) and anteiso-C_15:0; strain BT662^T possessed iso-C_15:0 and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω6c/C_16:1 ω7c); strain BT683^T were summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω6c/C_16:1 ω7c), C_16:1 ω5c, iso-C_15:0 and anteiso-C_15:0. Based on the polyphasic analysis, strains BT439^T, BT662^T and BT683^T can be suggested as three novel bacterial species within the genus Hymenobacter and the proposed names are Hymenobacter properus sp. nov., Hymenobacter ruricola sp. nov. and Hymenobacter jeongseonensis sp. nov., respectively. The type strain of Hymenobacter properus is BT439^T (= KCTC 72900^T = NBRC 114849^T), Hymenobacter ruricola is BT662^T (= KACC 21966^T = NBRC 114855^T) and the type strain of Hymenobacter jeongseonensis is BT683^T (= KACC 22013^T = NBRC xxxxx^T).

Genome Sequence of Hymenobacter polaris RP-2-7T, Isolated from Arctic Soil

Hymenobacter polaris RP-2-7^T was isolated from soil from the Arctic region. This study presents the genome sequence of Hymenobacter polaris RP-2-7^T, generated using the Illumina HiSeq platform. The genome size is 5,587,174 bp; it contains 4,721 genes and has 62.8 mol% DNA G+C content.

Hymenobacter polaris RP-2-7^T was isolated from soil from the Arctic region. This study presents the genome sequence of Hymenobacter polaris RP-2-7^T, generated using the Illumina HiSeq platform. The genome size is 5,587,174 bp; it contains 4,721 genes and has 62.8 mol% DNA G+C content.