1
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Su CM, Hung YF, Tang J, Han M, Everett R, Yoo D. Suppression of TRIM19 by arterivirus nonstructural protein 1 promotes viral replication. Virus Res 2024; 340:199302. [PMID: 38104946 PMCID: PMC10776440 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM)-containing proteins are a family of regulatory proteins that can participate in the induction of antiviral cytokines and antagonize viral replication. Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is known as TRIM19 and is a major scaffold protein organizing the PML nuclear bodies (NBs). PML NBs are membrane-less organelles in the nucleus and play a diverse role in maintaining cellular homeostasis including antiviral response. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a member virus of the family Arteriviridae, inhibits type I interferon (IFN) response during infection, and nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) of the virus has been identified as a potent IFN antagonist. We report that the numbers of PML NBs per nucleus were significantly downregulated during infection of PRRSV. The overexpression of all six isoforms of PML suppressed the PRRSV replication, and conversely, the silencing of PML gene expression enhanced the PRRSV replication. The suppression of PML NBs by the nsp1 protein was common in other member viruses of the family, represented by equine arteritis virus, lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus of mice, and simian hemorrhagic fever virus. Our study unveils a conserved viral strategy in arteriviruses for innate immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ming Su
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Yu Fan Hung
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Junyu Tang
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Mingyuan Han
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Roger Everett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Center for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dongwan Yoo
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States.
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2
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Chowdhury S, Latham KA, Tran AC, Carroll CJ, Stanton RJ, Weekes MP, Neil SJD, Swanson CM, Strang BL. Inhibition of human cytomegalovirus replication by interferon alpha can involve multiple anti-viral factors. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001929. [PMID: 38063292 PMCID: PMC10770924 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The shortcomings of current direct-acting anti-viral therapy against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has led to interest in host-directed therapy. Here we re-examine the use of interferon proteins to inhibit HCMV replication utilizing both high and low passage strains of HCMV. Pre-treatment of cells with interferon alpha (IFNα) was required for robust and prolonged inhibition of both low and high passage HCMV strains, with no obvious toxicity, and was associated with an increased anti-viral state in HCMV-infected cells. Pre-treatment of cells with IFNα led to poor expression of HCMV immediate-early proteins from both high and low passage strains, which was associated with the presence of the anti-viral factor SUMO-PML. Inhibition of HCMV replication in the presence of IFNα involving ZAP proteins was HCMV strain-dependent, wherein a high passage HCMV strain was obviously restricted by ZAP and a low passage strain was not. This suggested that strain-specific combinations of anti-viral factors were involved in inhibition of HCMV replication in the presence of IFNα. Overall, this work further supports the development of strategies involving IFNα that may be useful to inhibit HCMV replication and highlights the complexity of the anti-viral response to HCMV in the presence of IFNα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabab Chowdhury
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Katie A. Latham
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Andy C. Tran
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Christopher J. Carroll
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Sciences, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard J. Stanton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael P. Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stuart J. D. Neil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Chad M. Swanson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Blair L. Strang
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
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3
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McSharry BP, Samer C, McWilliam HEG, Ashley CL, Yee MB, Steain M, Liu L, Fairlie DP, Kinchington PR, McCluskey J, Abendroth A, Villadangos JA, Rossjohn J, Slobedman B. Virus-Mediated Suppression of the Antigen Presentation Molecule MR1. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2948-2962.e4. [PMID: 32130899 PMCID: PMC7798347 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The antigen-presenting molecule MR1 presents microbial metabolites related to vitamin B2 biosynthesis to mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells). Although bacteria and fungi drive the MR1 biosynthesis pathway, viruses have not previously been implicated in MR1 expression or its antigen presentation. We demonstrate that several herpesviruses inhibit MR1 cell surface upregulation, including a potent inhibition by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). This virus profoundly suppresses MR1 cell surface expression and targets the molecule for proteasomal degradation, whereas ligand-induced cell surface expression of MR1 prior to infection enables MR1 to escape HSV-1-dependent targeting. HSV-1 downregulation of MR1 is dependent on de novo viral gene expression, and we identify the Us3 viral gene product as functioning to target MR1. Furthermore, HSV-1 downregulation of MR1 disrupts MAIT T cell receptor (TCR) activation. Accordingly, virus-mediated targeting of MR1 defines an immunomodulatory strategy that functionally disrupts the MR1-MAIT TCR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P McSharry
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carolyn Samer
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hamish E G McWilliam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Caroline L Ashley
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael B Yee
- Departments of Ophthalmology and of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Megan Steain
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ligong Liu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul R Kinchington
- Departments of Ophthalmology and of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison Abendroth
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Wales, UK
| | - Barry Slobedman
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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4
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Zhang Q, Song X, Ma P, Lv L, Zhang Y, Deng J, Zhang Y. Human Cytomegalovirus miR-US33as-5p Targets IFNAR1 to Achieve Immune Evasion During Both Lytic and Latent Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:628364. [PMID: 33746965 PMCID: PMC7973039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first line of antiviral defense, type I interferon (IFN) binds IFN receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2 to activate the Jak-STAT signal transduction pathway, producing IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) to control viral infection. The mechanisms by which human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) counteracts the IFN pathway are only partially defined. We show that miR-US33as-5p encoded by HCMV is expressed in both lytic and latent infection. By analysis with RNA hybrid and screening with luciferase reporter assays, we identified IFNAR1 as a target of hcmv-miR-US33as-5p, which was further verified by examining the expression of two IFNAR1 mutants and the binding of IFNAR1 to miR-US33as-5p/miR-US33as-5p-M1/miR-US33as-5p-M2. We found that after the transfection of miR-US33as-5p mimics into different cell lines, the phosphorylation of downstream proteins and ISG expression were downregulated. Immunofluorescence showed that the miR-US33as-5p mimics also inhibited STAT1 translocation into the nucleus. Furthermore, we constructed HCMV with mutant miR-US33as-5p and determined that the mutation did not affect HCMV replication. We found that MRC-5/human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells infected with ΔmiRNA HCMV exhibited higher IFNAR1 and ISG expression and a reduced viral load in the presence of exogenous IFN than cells infected with WT HCMV did, confirming that the knockout of miR-US33as-5p impaired viral resistance to IFN. Finally, we tested the effect of ΔmiRNA HCMV on THP-1 and d-THP-1 cells, common in vitro models of latent infection and reactivation, respectively. Again, we found that cells infected with ΔmiRNA HCMV showed a reduced viral load in the presence of IFN than the control cells did, confirming that miR-US33as-5p also affects IFN resistance during both latency and reactivation. These results indicate a new microRNA (miRNA)-based immune evasion mechanism employed by HCMV to achieve lifelong infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Lv
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Deng
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, China
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5
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Collados Rodríguez M. The Fate of Speckled Protein 100 (Sp100) During Herpesviruses Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:607526. [PMID: 33598438 PMCID: PMC7882683 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.607526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutive expression of Speckled-100 (Sp100) is known to restrict the replication of many clinically important DNA viruses. This pre-existing (intrinsic) immune defense to virus infection can be further upregulated upon interferon (IFN) stimulation as a component of the innate immune response. In humans, Sp100 is encoded by a single gene locus, which can produce alternatively spliced isoforms. The widely studied Sp100A, Sp100B, Sp100C and Sp100HMG have functions associated with the transcriptional regulation of viral and cellular chromatin, either directly through their characteristic DNA-binding domains, or indirectly through post-translational modification (PTM) and associated protein interaction networks. Sp100 isoforms are resident component proteins of promyelocytic leukemia-nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), dynamic nuclear sub-structures which regulate host immune defenses against many pathogens. In the case of human herpesviruses, multiple protein antagonists are expressed to relieve viral DNA genome transcriptional silencing imposed by PML-NB and Sp100-derived proteinaceous structures, thereby stimulating viral propagation, pathogenesis, and transmission to new hosts. This review details how different Sp100 isoforms are manipulated during herpesviruses HSV1, VZV, HCMV, EBV, and KSHV infection, identifying gaps in our current knowledge, and highlighting future areas of research.
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6
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Liu W, Zhao WJ, Wu YH. Study on the differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways in dermatomyositis using integrated bioinformatics method. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21863. [PMID: 32846838 PMCID: PMC7447406 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatomyositis is a common connective tissue disease. The occurrence and development of dermatomyositis is a result of multiple factors, but its exact pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Here, we used biological information method to explore and predict the major disease related genes of dermatomyositis and to find the underlying pathogenic molecular mechanism.The gene expression data of GDS1956, GDS2153, GDS2855, and GDS3417 including 94 specimens, 66 cases of dermatomyositis specimens and 28 cases of normal specimens, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The 4 microarray gene data groups were combined to get differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichments of DEGs were operated by the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery and KEGG orthology based annotation system databases, separately. The protein-protein interaction networks of the DEGs were built from the STRING website. A total of 4097 DEGs were extracted from the 4 Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, of which 2213 genes were upregulated, and 1884 genes were downregulated. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the biological functions of DEGs focused primarily on response to virus, type I interferon signaling pathway and negative regulation of viral genome replication. The main cellular components include extracellular space, cytoplasm, and blood microparticle. The molecular functions include protein binding, double-stranded RNA binding and MHC class I protein binding. KEGG pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly involved in the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, complement and coagulation cascades, arginine and proline metabolism, phagosome signaling pathway. The following 13 closely related genes, XAF1, NT5E, UGCG, GBP2, TLR3, DDX58, STAT1, GBP1, PLSCR1, OAS3, SP100, IGK, and RSAD2, were key nodes from the protein-protein interaction network.This research suggests that exploring for DEGs and pathways in dermatomyositis using integrated bioinformatics methods could help us realize the molecular mechanism underlying the development of dermatomyositis, be of actual implication for the early detection and prophylaxis of dermatomyositis and afford reliable goals for the curing of dermatomyositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Jia Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yuan-Hao Wu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
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7
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Paulus C, Harwardt T, Walter B, Marxreiter A, Zenger M, Reuschel E, Nevels MM. Revisiting promyelocytic leukemia protein targeting by human cytomegalovirus immediate-early protein 1. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008537. [PMID: 32365141 PMCID: PMC7224577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies are nuclear organelles implicated in intrinsic and innate antiviral defense. The eponymous PML proteins, central to the self-organization of PML bodies, and other restriction factors found in these organelles are common targets of viral antagonism. The 72-kDa immediate-early protein 1 (IE1) is the principal antagonist of PML bodies encoded by the human cytomegalovirus (hCMV). IE1 is believed to disrupt PML bodies by inhibiting PML SUMOylation, while PML was proposed to act as an E3 ligase for IE1 SUMOylation. PML targeting by IE1 is considered to be crucial for hCMV replication at low multiplicities of infection, in part via counteracting antiviral gene induction linked to the cellular interferon (IFN) response. However, current concepts of IE1-PML interaction are largely derived from mutant IE1 proteins known or predicted to be metabolically unstable and globally misfolded. We performed systematic clustered charge-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis and identified a stable IE1 mutant protein (IE1cc172-176) with wild-type characteristics except for neither interacting with PML proteins nor inhibiting PML SUMOylation. Consequently, IE1cc172-176 does not associate with PML bodies and is selectively impaired for disrupting these organelles. Surprisingly, functional analysis of IE1cc172-176 revealed that the protein is hypermodified by mixed SUMO chains and that IE1 SUMOylation depends on nucleosome rather than PML binding. Furthermore, a mutant hCMV expressing IE1cc172-176 was only slightly attenuated compared to an IE1-null virus even at low multiplicities of infection. Finally, hCMV-induced expression of cytokine and IFN-stimulated genes turned out to be reduced rather than increased in the presence of IE1cc172-176 relative to wild-type IE1. Our findings challenge present views on the relationship of IE1 with PML and the role of PML in hCMV replication. This study also provides initial evidence for the idea that disruption of PML bodies upon viral infection is linked to activation rather than inhibition of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Paulus
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Harwardt
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernadette Walter
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Marxreiter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marion Zenger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Edith Reuschel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic St. Hedwig at Hospital Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael M. Nevels
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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8
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Massara L, Khairallah C, Yared N, Pitard V, Rousseau B, Izotte J, Giese A, Dubus P, Gauthereau X, Déchanet-Merville J, Capone M. Uncovering the Anticancer Potential of Murine Cytomegalovirus against Human Colon Cancer Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 16:250-261. [PMID: 32140563 PMCID: PMC7052516 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) components are often found in tumors, but the precise relationship between HCMV and cancer remains a matter of debate. Pro-tumor functions of HCMV were described in several studies, but an association between HCMV seropositivity and reduced cancer risk was also evidenced, presumably relying on recognition and killing of cancer cells by HCMV-induced lymphocytes. This study aimed at deciphering whether CMV influences cancer development in an immune-independent manner. Using immunodeficient mice, we showed that systemic infection with murine CMV (MCMV) inhibited the growth of murine carcinomas. Surprisingly, MCMV, but not HCMV, also reduced human colon carcinoma development in vivo. In vitro, both viruses infected human cancer cells. Expression of human interferon-β (IFN-β) and nuclear domain (ND10) were induced in MCMV-infected, but not in HCMV-infected human colon cancer cells. These results suggest a decreased capacity of MCMV to counteract intrinsic defenses in the human cellular host. Finally, immunodeficient mice receiving peri-tumoral MCMV therapy showed a reduction of human colon cancer cell growth, albeit no clinical sign of systemic virus dissemination was evidenced. Our study, which describes a selective advantage of MCMV over HCMV to control human colon cancer, could pave the way for the development of CMV-based therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layal Massara
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Khairallah
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Yared
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Pitard
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,University of Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, TBM Core, UMS 3427, Plateforme de Cytométrie, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Rousseau
- University of Bordeaux, Service Commun des Animaleries, Animalerie A2, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Izotte
- University of Bordeaux, Service Commun des Animaleries, Animalerie A2, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alban Giese
- University of Bordeaux, EA2406 Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Dubus
- University of Bordeaux, EA2406 Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Gauthereau
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, TBM Core, UMS 3427, Plateforme de PCR Quantitative, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Déchanet-Merville
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,University of Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, TBM Core, UMS 3427, Plateforme de Cytométrie, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Myriam Capone
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,University of Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, TBM Core, UMS 3427, Plateforme de PCR Quantitative, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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9
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Galitska G, Biolatti M, Griffante G, Gugliesi F, Pasquero S, Dell'Oste V, Landolfo S. Catch me if you can: the arms race between human cytomegalovirus and the innate immune system. Future Virol 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a common opportunistic pathogen of significant clinical importance, targets immunocompromised individuals of the human population worldwide. The absence of a licensed vaccine and the low efficacy of currently available drugs remain a barrier to combating the global infection. The HCMV's ability to modulate and escape innate immune responses remains a critical step in the ongoing search for potential drug targets. Here, we describe the complex interplay between HCMV and the host immune system, focusing on different evasion strategies that the virus has employed to subvert innate immune responses. We especially highlight the mechanisms and role of host antiviral restriction factors and provide insights into viral modulation of pro-inflammatory NF-κB and interferon signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Galitska
- Department of Public Health & Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Biolatti
- Department of Public Health & Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gloria Griffante
- Department of Public Health & Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Gugliesi
- Department of Public Health & Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Selina Pasquero
- Department of Public Health & Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Dell'Oste
- Department of Public Health & Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Department of Public Health & Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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10
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Interferon-Independent Upregulation of Interferon-Stimulated Genes during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection is Dependent on IRF3 Expression. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030246. [PMID: 30871003 PMCID: PMC6466086 DOI: 10.3390/v11030246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiviral activity of type I interferons (IFNs) is primarily mediated by interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Induction of ISG transcription is achieved when type I IFNs bind to their cognate receptor and activate the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathways. Recently it has become clear that a number of viruses are capable of directly upregulating a subset of ISGs in the absence of type I IFN production. Using cells engineered to block either the response to, or production of type I IFN, the regulation of IFN-independent ISGs was examined in the context of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Several ISGs, including IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, Mx1, Mx2, CXCL10 and ISG15 were found to be upregulated transcriptionally following HCMV infection independently of type I IFN-initiated JAK-STAT signaling, but dependent on intact IRF3 signaling. ISG15 protein regulation mirrored that of its transcript with IFNβ neutralization failing to completely inhibit ISG15 expression post HCMV infection. In addition, no detectable ISG15 protein expression was observed following HCMV infection in IRF3 knockdown CRISPR/Cas-9 clones indicating that IFN-independent control of ISG expression during HCMV infection of human fibroblasts is absolutely dependent on IRF3 expression.
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11
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Modulation of the innate immune response by human cytomegalovirus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 64:105-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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