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Gräßle S, Holzhauer L, Wippert N, Fuhr O, Nieger M, Jung N, Bräse S. Synthesis of substituted triazole-pyrazole hybrids using triazenylpyrazole precursors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1396-1404. [PMID: 38919604 PMCID: PMC11196952 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A synthesis route to access triazole-pyrazole hybrids via triazenylpyrazoles was developed. Contrary to existing methods, this route allows the facile N-functionalization of the pyrazole before the attachment of the triazole unit via a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The developed methodology was used to synthesize a library of over fifty new multi-substituted pyrazole-triazole hybrids. We also demonstrate a one-pot strategy that renders the isolation of potentially hazardous azides obsolete. In addition, the compatibility of the method with solid-phase synthesis is shown exemplarily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gräßle
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laura Holzhauer
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nicolai Wippert
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicole Jung
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Ayon NJ. High-Throughput Screening of Natural Product and Synthetic Molecule Libraries for Antibacterial Drug Discovery. Metabolites 2023; 13:625. [PMID: 37233666 PMCID: PMC10220967 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the continued emergence of resistance and a lack of new and promising antibiotics, bacterial infection has become a major public threat. High-throughput screening (HTS) allows rapid screening of a large collection of molecules for bioactivity testing and holds promise in antibacterial drug discovery. More than 50% of the antibiotics that are currently available on the market are derived from natural products. However, with the easily discoverable antibiotics being found, finding new antibiotics from natural sources has seen limited success. Finding new natural sources for antibacterial activity testing has also proven to be challenging. In addition to exploring new sources of natural products and synthetic biology, omics technology helped to study the biosynthetic machinery of existing natural sources enabling the construction of unnatural synthesizers of bioactive molecules and the identification of molecular targets of antibacterial agents. On the other hand, newer and smarter strategies have been continuously pursued to screen synthetic molecule libraries for new antibiotics and new druggable targets. Biomimetic conditions are explored to mimic the real infection model to better study the ligand-target interaction to enable the designing of more effective antibacterial drugs. This narrative review describes various traditional and contemporaneous approaches of high-throughput screening of natural products and synthetic molecule libraries for antibacterial drug discovery. It further discusses critical factors for HTS assay design, makes a general recommendation, and discusses possible alternatives to traditional HTS of natural products and synthetic molecule libraries for antibacterial drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid J Ayon
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Zapol’skii VA, Berneburg I, Bilitewski U, Dillenberger M, Becker K, Jungwirth S, Shekhar A, Krueger B, Kaufmann DE. Chemistry of polyhalogenated nitrobutadienes, 17: Efficient synthesis of persubstituted chloroquinolinyl-1 H-pyrazoles and evaluation of their antimalarial, anti-SARS-CoV-2, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:524-532. [PMID: 35615535 PMCID: PMC9112185 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 26 novel 1-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-4-nitro-1H-pyrazoles bearing a dichloromethyl and an amino or thio moiety at C3 and C5 has been prepared in yields up to 72% from the reaction of 1,1-bisazolyl-, 1-azolyl-1-amino-, and 1-thioperchloro-2-nitrobuta-1,3-dienes with 7-chloro-4-hydrazinylquinoline. A new way for the formation of a pyrazole cycle from 3-methyl-2-(2,3,3-trichloro-1-nitroallylidene)oxazolidine (6) is also described. In addition, the antimalarial activity of the synthesized compounds has been evaluated in vitro against the protozoan malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Notably, the 7-chloro-4-(5-(dichloromethyl)-4-nitro-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)quinoline (3b) and 7-chloro-4-(3-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)-5-(dichloromethyl)-4-nitro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)quinoline (9e) inhibited the growth of the chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 with EC50 values of 0.2 ± 0.1 µM (85 ng/mL, 200 nM) and 0.2 ± 0.04 µM (100 ng/mL, 200 nM), respectively. Two compounds (3b and 10d) have also been tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor A Zapol’skii
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 6, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Isabell Berneburg
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ursula Bilitewski
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Melissa Dillenberger
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jungwirth
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Aditya Shekhar
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bastian Krueger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 6, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Dieter E Kaufmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 6, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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Influence of microalgal lipids from Chlorella variabilis (ATCC PTA 12198) in reducing the virulence factors of multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae variant strains. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zapol’skii VA, Bilitewski U, Kupiec SR, Ramming I, Kaufmann DE. Polyhalonitrobutadienes as Versatile Building Blocks for the Biotargeted Synthesis of Substituted N-Heterocyclic Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122863. [PMID: 32575902 PMCID: PMC7355852 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Substituted nitrogen heterocycles are structural key units in many important pharmaceuticals. A new synthetic approach towards heterocyclic compounds displaying antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus or cytotoxic activity has been developed. The selective synthesis of a series of 64 new N-heterocycles from the three nitrobutadienes 2-nitroperchloro-1,3-butadiene, 4-bromotetrachloro-2-nitro-1,3-butadiene and (Z)-1,1,4-trichloro-2,4-dinitrobuta-1,3-diene proved feasible. Their reactions with N-, O- and S-nucleophiles provide rapid access to push-pull substituted benzoxazolines, benzimidazolines, imidazolidines, thiazolidinones, pyrazoles, pyrimidines, pyridopyrimidines, benzoquinolines, isothiazoles, dihydroisoxazoles, and thiophenes with unique substitution patterns. Antibacterial activities of 64 synthesized compounds were examined. Additionally, seven compounds (thiazolidinone, nitropyrimidine, indole, pyridopyrimidine, and thiophene derivatives) exhibited a significant cytotoxicity with IC50-values from 1.05 to 20.1 µM. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that polyhalonitrobutadienes have an interesting potential as structural backbones for a variety of highly functionalized, pharmaceutically active heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor A. Zapol’skii
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 6, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (V.A.Z.); (S.R.K.)
| | - Ursula Bilitewski
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (U.B.); (I.R.)
| | - Sören R. Kupiec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 6, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (V.A.Z.); (S.R.K.)
| | - Isabell Ramming
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (U.B.); (I.R.)
| | - Dieter E. Kaufmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 6, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (V.A.Z.); (S.R.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Haeussler K, Berneburg I, Jortzik E, Hahn J, Rahbari M, Schulz N, Preuss J, Zapol'skii VA, Bode L, Pinkerton AB, Kaufmann DE, Rahlfs S, Becker K. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase 6-phosphogluconolactonase: characterization of the Plasmodium vivax enzyme and inhibitor studies. Malar J 2019; 18:22. [PMID: 30683097 PMCID: PMC6346587 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since malaria parasites highly depend on ribose 5-phosphate for DNA and RNA synthesis and on NADPH as a source of reducing equivalents, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is considered an excellent anti-malarial drug target. In Plasmodium, a bifunctional enzyme named glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase 6-phosphogluconolactonase (GluPho) catalyzes the first two steps of the PPP. PfGluPho has been shown to be essential for the growth of blood stage Plasmodium falciparum parasites. METHODS Plasmodium vivax glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (PvG6PD) was cloned, recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized via enzyme kinetics and inhibitor studies. The effects of post-translational cysteine modifications were assessed via western blotting and enzyme activity assays. Genetically encoded probes were employed to study the effects of G6PD inhibitors on the cytosolic redox potential of Plasmodium. RESULTS Here the recombinant production and characterization of PvG6PD, the C-terminal and NADPH-producing part of PvGluPho, is described. A comparison with PfG6PD (the NADPH-producing part of PfGluPho) indicates that the P. vivax enzyme has higher KM values for the substrate and cofactor. Like the P. falciparum enzyme, PvG6PD is hardly affected by S-glutathionylation and moderately by S-nitrosation. Since there are several naturally occurring variants of PfGluPho, the impact of these mutations on the kinetic properties of the enzyme was analysed. Notably, in contrast to many human G6PD variants, the mutations resulted in only minor changes in enzyme activity. Moreover, nanomolar IC50 values of several compounds were determined on P. vivax G6PD (including ellagic acid, flavellagic acid, and coruleoellagic acid), inhibitors that had been previously characterized on PfGluPho. ML304, a recently developed PfGluPho inhibitor, was verified to also be active on PvG6PD. Using genetically encoded probes, ML304 was confirmed to disturb the cytosolic glutathione-dependent redox potential of P. falciparum blood stage parasites. Finally, a new series of novel small molecules with the potential to inhibit the falciparum and vivax enzymes were synthesized, resulting in two compounds with nanomolar activity. CONCLUSION The characterization of PvG6PD makes this enzyme accessible to further drug discovery activities. In contrast to naturally occurring G6PD variants in the human host that can alter the kinetic properties of the enzyme and thus the redox homeostasis of the cells, the naturally occurring PfGluPho variants studied here are unlikely to have a major impact on the parasites' redox homeostasis. Several classes of inhibitors have been successfully tested and are presently being followed up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Haeussler
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Isabell Berneburg
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Esther Jortzik
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia Hahn
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mahsa Rahbari
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Norma Schulz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Janina Preuss
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Viktor A Zapol'skii
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anthony B Pinkerton
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Dieter E Kaufmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Stefan Rahlfs
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Lakemeyer M, Zhao W, Mandl FA, Hammann P, Sieber SA. Thinking Outside the Box-Novel Antibacterials To Tackle the Resistance Crisis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14440-14475. [PMID: 29939462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The public view on antibiotics as reliable medicines changed when reports about "resistant superbugs" appeared in the news. While reasons for this resistance development are easily spotted, solutions for re-establishing effective antibiotics are still in their infancy. This Review encompasses several aspects of the antibiotic development pipeline from very early strategies to mature drugs. An interdisciplinary overview is given of methods suitable for mining novel antibiotics and strategies discussed to unravel their modes of action. Select examples of antibiotics recently identified by using these platforms not only illustrate the efficiency of these measures, but also highlight promising clinical candidates with therapeutic potential. Furthermore, the concept of molecules that disarm pathogens by addressing gatekeepers of virulence will be covered. The Review concludes with an evaluation of antibacterials currently in clinical development. Overall, this Review aims to connect select innovative antimicrobial approaches to stimulate interdisciplinary partnerships between chemists from academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lakemeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Weining Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Franziska A Mandl
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Hammann
- R&D Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases, Sanofi-Aventis (Deutschland) GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
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Lakemeyer M, Zhao W, Mandl FA, Hammann P, Sieber SA. Über bisherige Denkweisen hinaus - neue Wirkstoffe zur Überwindung der Antibiotika-Krise. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lakemeyer
- Fakultät für Chemie; Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM); Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Weining Zhao
- Fakultät für Chemie; Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM); Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Franziska A. Mandl
- Fakultät für Chemie; Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM); Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Peter Hammann
- R&D Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases; Sanofi-Aventis (Deutschland) GmbH; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Deutschland
| | - Stephan A. Sieber
- Fakultät für Chemie; Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM); Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
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Lu R, Osei-Adjei G, Huang X, Zhang Y. Role and regulation of the orphan AphA protein of quorum sensing in pathogenic Vibrios. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:383-391. [PMID: 29441822 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS), a cell-to-cell communication process, is widely distributed in the bacterial kingdom. Bacteria use QS to control gene expression in response to cell density by detecting the signal molecules called autoinducers. AphA protein is the master QS regulator of vibrios operating at low cell density. It regulates the expression of a variety of genes, especially those encoding virulence factors, flagella/motility and biofilm formation. The role and regulation of AphA in vibrios, especially in human pathogenic vibrios, are summarized in this review. Clarification of the roles of AphA will help us to understand the pathogenesis of vibrios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfei Lu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - George Osei-Adjei
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinxiang Huang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yiquan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of S-Substituted Perhalo-2-nitrobuta-1,3-dienes as Novel Xanthine Oxidase, Tyrosinase, Elastase, and Neuraminidase Inhibitors. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/4386031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
S-substituted perhalo-2-nitrobuta-1,3-dienes 3a, b were synthesized by the reaction of polyhalo-2-nitrobuta-1,3-dienes 1a, b with allyl mercaptan. 1-(2,3-Dibromopropanethio)-4-bromo-1,3,4-trichloro-2-nitrobuta-1,3-diene 4 was obtained from the addition of bromine to S-substituted polyhalo-2-nitrobuta-1,3-diene 3b in carbon tetrachloride. Sulfoxides 5a, b, and 6 were obtained from the reaction of thiosubstituted polyhalonitrobutadienes 3a, b, and 4 with m-CPBA in CHCl3. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic data (FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS). These compounds exhibited antixanthine oxidase, antityrosinase, antielastase, and antineuraminidase activities.
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