1
|
Rocha MAND, Silva EP, Silva RNM, Sousa GRD, Barbosa-Filho JM, Maia MDS, Lima AS, de Souza-Ferrari J, Pereira FDO. Riparin II-type benzamides as novel antibiofilm agents against dermatophytes: chemical synthesis, in vitro, ex vivo and in silico evaluation. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:617-631. [PMID: 38297992 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of dermatophytes to develop biofilms in host tissues confers physical and biochemical resistance to antifungal drugs. Therefore, research to find new compounds against dermatophyte biofilm is crucial. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the antifungal activity of riparin II (RIP2), nor-riparin II (NOR2) and dinor-riparin II (DINOR2) against Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis and Nannizzia gypsea strains. METHODS Initially, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of benzamides. We evaluated the inhibitory effects on the development of dermatophyte biofilms using in vitro and ex vivo models. Finally, we built three-dimensional models of the sulphite pump Ssu1 to investigate the interactions with the benzamides by molecular docking. RESULTS RIP2 showed a broad spectrum of activity against T. rubrum, M. canis and N. gypsea, whereas NOR2 and DINOR2 were more selective. Furthermore, the shortening of the carbon chain from RIP2 benzamide to NOR2 and DINOR2 homologs caused a decrease in the MIC values. The benzamides reduced biofilm production and viability in vitro (P < 0.05) at MIC. This result was similar ex vivo in human nail fragments tests, but NOR2 and DINOR2 showed significant results at 2xMIC (P < 0.05). We constructed a model of the Ssu1 protein for each dermatophyte with high similarity. Molecular docking showed that the benzamides obtained higher binding energy values than ciclopirox. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows the antibiofilm potential for riparin II-type benzamides as new drugs targeting dermatophytes by inhibiting the Ssu1 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Antônio Nóbrega da Rocha
- Fungi Research Group, Academic Unit of Health in the Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Pereira Silva
- Fungi Research Group, Academic Unit of Health in the Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - Risley Nikael Medeiros Silva
- Fungi Research Group, Academic Unit of Health in the Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Ribeiro de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto Shellygton Lima
- Fungi Research Group, Academic Unit of Health in the Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | | | - Fillipe de Oliveira Pereira
- Fungi Research Group, Academic Unit of Health in the Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leung AKC, Barankin B, Lam JM, Leong KF, Hon KL. Tinea pedis: an updated review. Drugs Context 2023; 12:2023-5-1. [PMID: 37415917 PMCID: PMC10321471 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2023-5-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tinea pedis is one of the most common superficial fungal infections of the skin, with various clinical manifestations. This review aims to familiarize physicians with the clinical features, diagnosis and management of tinea pedis. Methods A search was conducted in April 2023 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key terms 'tinea pedis' OR 'athlete's foot'. The search strategy included all clinical trials, observational studies and reviews published in English within the past 10 years. Results Tinea pedis is most often caused by Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale. It is estimated that approximately 3% of the world population have tinea pedis. The prevalence is higher in adolescents and adults than in children. The peak age incidence is between 16 and 45 years of age. Tinea pedis is more common amongst males than females. Transmission amongst family members is the most common route, and transmission can also occur through indirect contact with contaminated belongings of the affected patient. Three main clinical forms of tinea pedis are recognized: interdigital, hyperkeratotic (moccasin-type) and vesiculobullous (inflammatory). The accuracy of clinical diagnosis of tinea pedis is low. A KOH wet-mount examination of skin scrapings of the active border of the lesion is recommended as a point-of-care testing. The diagnosis can be confirmed, if necessary, by fungal culture or culture-independent molecular tools of skin scrapings. Superficial or localized tinea pedis usually responds to topical antifungal therapy. Oral antifungal therapy should be reserved for severe disease, failed topical antifungal therapy, concomitant presence of onychomycosis or in immunocompromised patients. Conclusion Topical antifungal therapy (once to twice daily for 1-6 weeks) is the mainstay of treatment for superficial or localized tinea pedis. Examples of topical antifungal agents include allylamines (e.g. terbinafine), azoles (e.g. ketoconazole), benzylamine, ciclopirox, tolnaftate and amorolfine. Oral antifungal agents used for the treatment of tinea pedis include terbinafine, itraconazole and fluconazole. Combined therapy with topical and oral antifungals may increase the cure rate. The prognosis is good with appropriate antifungal treatment. Untreated, the lesions may persist and progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander KC Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary and The Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Joseph M Lam
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia and BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kin Fon Leong
- Pediatric Institute, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, Chinese University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brito SCP, Pinto MR, Alcântara LM, Reis NF, Durães TL, Bittar CTM, de Oliveira JC, da Rocha EMDS, Dantas Machado RL, Souza E Guimarães RJDP, Baptista ARDS. Spatio-temporal six-year retrospective study on dermatophytosis in Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil: A tropical tourist locality tale. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010865. [PMID: 37011092 PMCID: PMC10101643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichophyton, Microsporum, Nannizzia and Epidermophyton genera cause dermatophytosis, the most common and highly contagious infectious skin disease. Rio de Janeiro is one of the most visited cities in the Southern Hemisphere, located in the most visited state of Brazil. This retrospective study investigated epidemiological and laboratorial aspects of dermatophytosis in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, by using spatiotemporal analysis. More than half of all individuals were infected by one or more dermatophytes. A variation between 18 and 106 years-old of the studied population was verified, and women more frequently affected. Patients were more frequently infected by Trichophyton spp., most of them T. rubrum, followed by T. mentagrophytes. M. canis and N. gypsea were more frequently isolated in the age group between 40 and 60 years old, while T. rubrum predominates among younger patients. All species presented homogeneous distribution while T. tonsurans appears to be restricted to the Rio de Janeiro capital while E. floccosum to the municipality of Macaé (190 Km apart from RJ). Rio de Janeiro state presented spatial clusters of dermatophytosis with high density in Guanabara Bay (E. floccosum, M. canis, N. gypsea, T. tonsurans) and Niterói (T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes) but low density in Macaé (E. floccosum). Significant spatiotemporal clusters on dermatophytosis cases were detected in distinct municipalities (p-value ≤ 0.05). The Vulnerability Index (r = 0.293) and Demographic Density (r = 0.652) distributed according to neighborhoods in Niterói were direct related with dermatophytosis cases whereas Income (r = -0.306) was inversely correlated (p-value ≤ 0.05). The dermatophytosis spatiotemporal distinct distribution after two major international events in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, highlight the pressing need for specific measures of its prevention and controlling. This is particularly relevant in touristic tropical localities which must consider both socio-economical and traveler's medicine variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cristina Pereira Brito
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Biomedical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia Ribeiro Pinto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology of Mycoses, Biomedical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas Martins Alcântara
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Biomedical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathália Faria Reis
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Biomedical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Elisabeth Martins da Silva da Rocha
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Biomedical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Biomedical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andréa Regina de Souza Baptista
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Biomedical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ -Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Taborda CP, Muñoz JE, Gonzalez A. Editorial: Tropical fungal diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1104519. [PMID: 36644771 PMCID: PMC9834271 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1104519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P. Taborda
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, Brazil and Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Micologia Médica, LIM53/HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Carlos P. Taborda,
| | - Julián Esteban Muñoz
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine and Health Science, Universidad del Rosario, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Angel Gonzalez
- Universidad de Antioquia, Escuela de Microbiología, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song G, Zhang M, Liu W, Liang G. The Changing Face of Epidemiology of Dermatophytoses in Chinese Mainland: A 30 years Nationwide Retrospective Study from 1991 to 2020. Mycoses 2022; 65:440-448. [PMID: 35102623 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatophytoses are the most common infectious skin disease. Its epidemiology varies in different countries and regions, and its prevalence in China is still unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to reveal the epidemiological features of dermatophytoses in Chinese mainland in the past thirty years. METHODS From 1991 to 2020, a 30-year retrospective epidemiological study was carried out. All published literatures containing dermatophytoses and dermatophytes were collected and analyzed. RESULTS A total of more than 180,000 cases in 124 articles from more than 100 hospitals were included and analyzed. Among dermatophytoses, tinea cruris (24.92%) was the predominant clinical type, followed by tinea pedis (22.97%) and tinea corporis (18.12%). In recent 10 years, tinea pedis (25.40%) was more common than tinea cruris (22.39%) and became the most common infection. Among dermatophytes, T. rubrum (69.48%) has always been the most common isolates, followed by T. mentagrophytes (16.45%) and M. canis (8.09%). Other species were found below 3%. In superficial mycoses, dermatophytes accounted for 75.52%, higher than that of yeasts/yeast-like (21.83%) and molds (2.65%). The prevalence of tinea capitis was lower in economically developed eastern region than that in central and western regions. Tinea cruris was more common in warm zones than cold zones. CONCLUSIONS The top three dermatophytoses are tinea cruris, tinea pedis and tinea corporis, while the top three dermatophytes are T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and M. canis. The distribution of dermatophytoses may be influenced by socioeconomic status and geographical-meteorological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Meijie Zhang
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Weida Liu
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, 210042, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Guanzhao Liang
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, 210042, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alshehri BA, Alamri AM, Rabaan AA, Al-Tawfiq JA. Epidemiology of Dermatophytes Isolated from Clinical Samples in a Hospital in Eastern Saudi Arabia: A 20-Year Survey. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2021; 11:405-412. [PMID: 34734382 PMCID: PMC8664331 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-021-00005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatophytes are group of fungi that cause superficial infections via enzymes that degrade keratin in human skin. Several factors, including climate, gender, age, lifestyle, human migration, cultural habits, and socioeconomic status influence the prevalence of dermatophyte infections. We analyzed the prevalence of dermatophyte isolates in a hospital in Eastern Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2019. METHODS The data on fungal cultures were obtained from the Laboratory Information System of the Mycology Laboratories at Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, and were used for the analysis. Fungal isolates were examined microscopically for the presence of specialized hyphal structures and conidia. The Vitek® MS microbial identification system (biomerieux) was used if the culture type was not identified microscopically. RESULTS Among the 10,021 samples analyzed, 3040 (30.33%) were positive for fungi and only 398 (3.97%) were dermatophytes. Microsporum species was the most common dermatophyte accounting for 50.5% (n = 201) followed by trichophyton with 36.9% (n = 147). The most common positive samples were scrapping (251, 63%) and hair (68, 17%). Culture positivity relative to the age groups revealed a cluster of positive dermatophyte species in children < 10 years of age with 215 (54%) of all cases and among 10-19 years of age with 60 (15) of the cases (p < 0.001). Microsporum species were the prevalent dermatophytes in patients < 10 years of age, while Epidermophyton species were the most frequent dermatophyte species in age groups 10-19, 20-29, and 30-39 years. However, Trichophyton species were the most frequent dermatophyte species in individuals 70-79 years. The percentage of Microsporum and Trichophyton species decreased significantly over time (p < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant seasonal variation in relation to Trichophyton species. A comparison between the most frequent species showed that there was no difference in relation to gender, but there was a difference in relation to the specimen type and age group. CONCLUSION Dermatophytosis was common among children and adolescent with the most common samples were scrapping and hair. There was a significant reduction in Microsporum and Trichophyton species over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer Ali Alshehri
- Department of Laboratory Services, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aisha M Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Dhahran Health Center, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Room D-0032, Building 61, P.O. Box 76, Dhahran, 31311, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pereira FDO, Teixeira APDC, de Medeiros FD. Do essential oils from plants occurring in the Brazilian Caatinga biome present antifungal potential against dermatophytoses? A systematic review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6559-6578. [PMID: 34453564 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Caatinga is an exclusively Brazilian biome where semiarid climatic conditions promote singularities in adaptive biodiversity. Many aromatic species are found in this region possessing antifungal properties, which are attributed to their essential oils. Thus, we questioned whether essential plant oils found in the Caatinga present anti-dermatophytic potential. Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi that cause one of the most prevalent mycoses globally, skin infections known as dermatophytoses (tineas). Here, we provide a comprehensive report of the available published information, analyzing the methods used to evaluate the antifungal activity, verifying the quality of the evidence and possible clinical applications, and discussing research trends in this area. The plants studied concentrated in the genera Croton (Euphorbiaceae), Lippia (Verbenaceae), Piper (Piperaceae), and Mentha (Lamiaceae). All of the studies used in vitro tests to analyze antifungal potential, and little evidence was ascertained concerning the mechanism of antifungal action. In addition, the essential oils also evidenced drug modifying activity of conventional antifungal drugs (Ketoconazole and Terbinafine). We believe that the anti-dermatophyte potential of plant essential oils occurring within the Caatinga is underestimated and that this review will encourage future chemical-pharmacological investigations into the plants within this biome.Key points• The essential oils from plants occurring in the Caatinga Biome present unknown anti-dermatophyte potential.• The studies against dermatophyte fungi concentrate on the families Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae.• In vitro assays were used to assess the anti-dermatophyte potential of the essential oils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fillipe de Oliveira Pereira
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil.
| | - Anna Paula de Castro Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Francinalva Dantas de Medeiros
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|