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Investigation of Virulence Genes of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Sterile Body Fluid Samples and Their Correlation with Clinical Symptoms and Outcomes. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2022; 2021:5354747. [PMID: 34987680 PMCID: PMC8720599 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5354747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the major pathogen causing nosocomial human infections and produces a variety of virulence factors that contribute to its ability to colonize and cause diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the virulence genes in S. aureus isolated from sterile body fluid samples and their correlation with clinical symptoms and outcomes. The VITEK 2® Compact system was used to perform biochemical identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests on 33 S. aureus isolates. Virulence genes were amplified using multiplex PCR. The virulence gene patterns were analyzed by systematic cluster analysis. The frequency of methicillin-resistant S. aureus was 45.45%, and 17 virulence genes were identified. Genes encoding hemolysins showed high frequencies. The frequencies of hla, hlb, hld, and hlgB were 93.94% and that of the luk-F/S-PV was 21.21%. Except for the frequency of splB (51.52%), the remaining genes encoding invasive proteases showed frequencies greater than 81.82%. Among the patients, 100.00% had undergone invasive medical procedures and 24.00% had been treated with more than three types of antibiotic drugs. Invasive medical procedures are the main causes of infection. Resistance to antibiotic drugs and the status of carrying virulence genes were highly related to clinical symptoms and outcomes.
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Budzyńska A, Skowron K, Kaczmarek A, Wietlicka-Piszcz M, Gospodarek-Komkowska E. Virulence Factor Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Blood and Chronic Wounds. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070491. [PMID: 34357963 PMCID: PMC8310355 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the predominant bacteria isolated from skin and soft tissue infections and a common cause of bloodstream infections. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of resistance to various antimicrobial agents and virulence patterns in a total of 200 S. aureus strains isolated from patients with bacteremia and chronic wounds. Disk diffusion assay and in the case of vancomycin and teicoplanin-microdilution assay, were performed to study the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. The prevalence of genes encoding six enterotoxins, two exfoliative toxins, the Panton–Valentine leukocidin and the toxic shock syndrome toxin was determined by PCR. Of the 100 blood strains tested, the highest percentage (85.0%, 31.0%, and 29.0%) were resistant to benzylpenicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively. Out of the 100 chronic wound strains, the highest percentage (86.0%, 32.0%, 31.0%, 31.0%, 30.0%, and 29.0%) were confirmed as resistant to benzylpenicillin, tobramycin, amikacin, norfloxacin, erythromycin, and clindamycin, respectively. A significantly higher prevalence of resistance to amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin was noted in strains obtained from chronic wounds. Moreover, a significant difference in the distribution of sea and sei genes was found. These genes were detected in 6.0%, 46.0% of blood strains and in 19.0%, and 61.0% of wound strains, respectively. Our results suggest that S. aureus strains obtained from chronic wounds seem to be more often resistant to antibiotics and harbor more virulence genes compared to strains isolated from blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (A.K.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (A.K.); (E.G.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-512-210-245
| | - Agnieszka Kaczmarek
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (A.K.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Magdalena Wietlicka-Piszcz
- Department of Theoretical Foundations of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Computer Science, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (A.K.); (E.G.-K.)
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Puspitarini MD, Kuntaman K, Wasito EB, Setyarini W. Molecular Genotyping of Tsst-1 Gene Staphylococcus Aureus from Clinical Specimen. FOLIA MEDICA INDONESIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v57i2.17559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most common pathogen in humans that causes various infections. Variations in infections due to S. aureus are related to the presence of virulence factors, one of which is Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) which is the main cause of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS). This study aimed to explore the genetic pattern of the tsst-1 genes among MSSA and MRSA from clinical isolates of patients at Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital, Surabaya-Indonesia. PCR examination was performed on 106 clinical samples of S. aureus isolates to determine the presence of the tsst-1 genes; subsequently, phylogenetic analysis was performed. The positive tsst-1 genes were found in 3 (5.7%) MSSA isolates and 2 (3.8%) MRSA isolates from 106 samples, of which were divided into 53 MSSA isolates and 53 MRSA isolates. No significant difference was noticed between the tsst-1 genes on both the MSSA and MRSA bacteria (p = 0.648). The positive tsst-1 genes were found in 1 (4.5%) of pus specimens and 2 (16.7%) of blood specimens from MSSA isolates. However, the positive tsst-1 genes were found in neither sputum nor urine specimens. The genes were found in 2 (16.7%) of blood specimens from MRSA isolates. Based on the phylogenetic tree, Indonesian tsst-1 isolates belonged to the same clade as Japan, Iran, Iraq, India, Egypt and the United Kingdom isolates. The prevalence of tsst-1 genes of both MSSA and MRSA from clinical isolates in Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital Surabaya are 5.7% and 3.8%, respectively. The tsst-1 genes of Surabaya-Indonesia, Japan, Iran, Iraq, India, Egypt and the United Kingdom belonged to the same clade.
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Lutfi AR, Liben P, Herawati L. Four Weeks Exercise in Vary Intensities Reduce More Inguinal Fat Than Perigonadal Fat in Mice. FOLIA MEDICA INDONESIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v57i2.18497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most common pathogen in humans that causes various infections. A variety of infections due to S. aureus are related to virulence factors, one of which is Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) as the main cause of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS). This study aimed to explore the genetic pattern of the tsst-1 genes among MSSA and MRSA from clinical isolates of patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya-Indonesia. This study performed a PCR test on 106 clinical samples of S. aureus isolated to determine the presence of the tsst-1 genes; subsequently, this study also performed phylogenetic analysis. The positive tsst-1 genes were found in 3 (5.7%) MSSA isolates and 2 (3.8%) MRSA isolates from 106 samples that were divided into 53 MSSA isolated and 53 MRSA isolates. There was no significant difference between the tsst-1 genes on both the MSSA and MRSA bacteria (p = 0.648). The positive tsst-1 genes were found in 1 (4.5%) of pus specimens and 2 (16.7%) of blood specimens from MSSA isolates. However, the positive tsst-1 genes were found in neither sputum nor urine specimens. The genes were found in 2 (16.7%) of blood specimens from MRSA isolates. Based on the phylogenetic tree, Indonesian tsst-1 isolated belonged to the same clade as Japan, Iran, Iraq, India, Egypt, and the United Kingdom. The prevalence of tsst-1 genes of both MSSA and MRSA from clinical isolates in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya was 5.7% and 3.8%, respectively. The tsst-1 genes of Surabaya-Indonesia, Japan, Iran, Iraq, India, Egypt, and the United Kingdom belonged to the same clade.
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Noorbakhsh S, Rabiei AA, Rahbarimanesh AA, Haghighi M, Ashouri S. Searching the Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin -1 in Septic Children with negative Cultures: A Comparative Study in Tehran, Iran. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:187-192. [PMID: 32735530 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200731180641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria induced sepsis is common in infants and children. Staphylococcus aureus produces numerous exotoxins, like staphylococcal Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST- 1), which stimulate the immune system by T cell activation and inflammation in various organs. Recent studies suggest that staphylococcal toxins, generally named super antigens (SAgs), may also have a significant role in the pathogenesis of some pediatric disorders especially in the clinical presentation of sepsis and septic shock. This study was carried out in order to compare staphylococcal TSST- 1 (SAgs) in children with sepsis symptoms (and septic shock) with negative blood culture versus a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2 years (2014 -2016) in two referral hospitals (Rasoul Akram and Bahrami hospitals) in Tehran, Iran. We selected 44 children) mean age of 4 years) who were admitted in pediatrics and PICUs wards with sepsis symptoms- /+septic shock. Forty-five children (mean age of 3.9 years) were selected as a control group. All cases with blood samples were examined for TSST-1 (SAgs) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in both case and control groups and results were compared. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16software. Chi-square or Fisher test was used to compare the variables. P-value < 0.05 was considered as a valuable tool. RESULTS Positive blood cultures with other bacteria, Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, were detected in 5 cases with negative TSST-1 in blood samples. S.aureus isolated from blood culture was detected in 2 cases with positive TSST- 1.Positive TSST-1 (SAgs) was detected in 6 cases (14%) with negative blood culture for S.aureus; it was significantly higher in cases (14% vs. 2%; P value = 0.05). CONCLUSION This study indicates the probable role of TSST-1(SAgs) in the progression of sepsis (and septic shock) in toxic children with negative blood culture for S.aureus. Anti-staphylococcal treatment is immediately required, especially in toxic children with related clinical presentations, even in cases with negative blood cultures. Indeed, the clinical use against SAgs suppressants of downstream cell-destructive events might be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samileh Noorbakhsh
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Rabiei
- Pediatric Infectious Disease; Pediatrics Department, Shahre kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahre kord, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Rahbarimanesh
- Pediatric Infectious Disease; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Haghighi
- Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarvenaz Ashouri
- Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Achek R, Hotzel H, Cantekin Z, Nabi I, Hamdi TM, Neubauer H, El-Adawy H. Emerging of antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci isolated from clinical and food samples in Algeria. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:663. [PMID: 30208952 PMCID: PMC6134775 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci rose worldwide. In total, 96 Staphylococcus isolates from food and clinical samples were collected from two provinces in Algeria. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and resistance-associated genes were detected. Results Fifty-one strains were isolated from food samples and differentiated into 33 Staphylococcus aureus and 18 coagulase-negative staphylococci. Forty-five staphylococci were collected from hospital and community-acquired infection cases. All S. aureus isolated from food were resistant to penicillin and 45.5% were resistant to tetracycline. The resistance rates of 45 clinical Staphylococcus isolates were 86.7%, 48.9%, 37.8% and 20.0% to penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin and kanamycin, respectively. Nine isolates were confirmed as MRSA from food and clinical isolates. One S. aureus originated from food was confirmed as vancomycin-resistant. Multidrug-resistance was observed among 25.5% and 53.3% of food and clinical staphylococci, respectively. The tetM/K, blaZ, aacA-aphD, ermC and mecA genes were detected in food and clinical isolates. ermA gene was not found. This study provided insight into the status of antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci isolated from food and clinical samples in Algeria. Further investigations and surveillance programmes are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Achek
- Faculty of Sciences, Yahia Farès University, Urban Pole, Médéa, Algeria. .,High National Veterinary School, Issad Abbes Avenue, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Zafer Cantekin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Tayfur Sokmen Campus, 31000, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Nabi
- Faculty of Sciences, Yahia Farès University, Urban Pole, Médéa, Algeria
| | - Taha Mossadak Hamdi
- High National Veterinary School, Issad Abbes Avenue, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 35516, Egypt.
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Costa FN, Belo NO, Costa EA, Andrade GI, Pereira LS, Carvalho IA, Santos RL. Frequency of enterotoxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, and biofilm formation genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows with mastitis in the Northeast of Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1089-1097. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Madasu RHB, Muvva V, Munaganti RK, Dorigondla KR, Yenamandra V. Bioactive-guided fractionation of diols from Streptomyces sp. MSL. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:59. [PMID: 28444602 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An actinomycete strain with a great potential to produce bioactive compounds isolated from a laterite soil was identified as Streptomyces sp. MSL based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Secondary metabolites produced by the strain in optimized nutrient broth were extracted and analyzed by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Among the different fractions, four diols, viz., (1) (2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol, (2) (2R,3S)-2,3-Butanediol, (3) 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol (Pinacol), and (4) (3R)-1,3-Butanediol exhibited good antimicrobial activity. These compounds inhibited growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi tested. Minimum inhibitory concentration of these compounds was also determined against test micro-organisms in vitro. This is the first report on the occurrence of 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol (Pinacol) in the genus Streptomyces. This paper also reports the extraction, purification, and antimicrobial spectrum of diols fractionated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. MSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Hima Bindhu Madasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522 510, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Muvva
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522 510, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar Munaganti
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522 510, India
| | - Kumar Reddy Dorigondla
- Natural Products Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Division-1, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India
| | - Venkateswarlu Yenamandra
- Natural Products Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Division-1, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India
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Akhi MT, Esmailkhani A, Sadeghi J, Niknafs B, Farzadi L, Akhi A, Nasab EN. The Frequency of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Endocervix of Infertile Women in Northwest Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2016; 11:28-32. [PMID: 28367302 PMCID: PMC5215708 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2016.4969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Infertility is one of the major social issues. Due to the asymptomatic cervical infection associated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the majority of patients
remain undiagnosed. The present study intended to assess the frequency of S. aureus
isolated from infertile women’s endocervix in northwest Iran. Materials and Methods In a descriptive cross sectional study, specimens were randomly
collected during vagina examination using a sterile speculum and swabbing. After performance
of antibiotic susceptibility testing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify methicillin-resistance S. aureus (MRSA) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Results About 26 (26%) and 9 (9%) women’s urogenital tracts were colonized by S.
aureus and Candida spp., respectively, of which three (11.5%) patients were infected with
fungi and S. aureus, simultaneously. Antibiotic susceptibility results showed high activity
of vancomycin and co-trimoxazole on isolates. Regarding PCR results, mecA sequences
were detected in 7 (26.9%) strains, whilst the tst gene encoding TSST-1 was not detected
in any of clinical strains. Conclusion The prevalence of S. aureus was very high in infertile women. Therefore, it
demands all patients undergoing infertility treatment to be investigated thoroughly for this
type of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Akhi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aylin Esmailkhani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Sadeghi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrooz Niknafs
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Laya Farzadi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aydin Akhi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elmira Najafi Nasab
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Zarei Koosha R, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Mehdizadeh Aghdam E, Ghorbani Tajandareh S, Imani Fooladi AA. Distribution of tsst-1 and mecA Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Clinical Specimens. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e29057. [PMID: 27226873 PMCID: PMC4876617 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.29057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is a harmful pathogen known to express numerous virulence factors and cause severe infections. High levels of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are one of the important healthcare problems because of the inefficient treatment of these infections. Objectives The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the incidence of the toxic shock syndrome toxin (tsst-1) gene and its association with the prevalence of the mecA gene and drug resistance. Materials and Methods The presence of the tsst-1 and mecA genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among S. aureus isolated from 197 clinical samples. In addition, resistance tests to 12 antibiotics were carried out by the disc diffusion method. Results Among the 197 isolates, 134 (68%) contained the tsst-1 genes and 172 (87.3%) contained the mecA genes. The prevalence of both genes was higher among male cases and samples purified from wounds and blood. We found no significant correlation between the presences of the two mentioned genes within isolates. The highest resistance we observed among our samples was to penicillin. None of isolates was resistant to vancomycin or linezolid. A significant correlation was observed between the presence of the mecA gene and resistance to oxacillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, clindamycin, cephazolin and the multi-drug resistant property, which is resistance to more than three antibiotics (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our outcomes showed elevated incidences of tsst-1 positive and MRSA strains with higher rates of antibiotic resistance. The conflict between our findings and other records may be due to differences in geographic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah Zarei Koosha
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Biology Department, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, IR Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Mehdizadeh Aghdam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | | | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi, Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2188068924, Fax: +98-2188068924, E-mail:
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Koosha RZ, Fooladi AAI, Hosseini HM, Aghdam EM. Prevalence of exfoliative toxin A and B genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens. J Infect Public Health 2014; 7:177-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Enterotoxinomics: The omic sciences in the study of staphylococcal toxins analyzed in food matrices. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ghenghesh KS, Rahouma A, Tawil K, Zorgani A, Franka E. Antimicrobial resistance in Libya: 1970-2011. Libyan J Med 2013; 8:20567. [PMID: 23537612 PMCID: PMC3610430 DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v8i0.20567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antimicrobial agents is a major health problem that affects the whole world. Providing information on the past state of antimicrobial resistance in Libya may assist the health authorities in addressing the problem more effectively in the future. Information was obtained mainly from Highwire Press (including PubMed) search for the period 1970-2011 using the terms 'antibiotic resistance in Libya', 'antimicrobial resistance in Libya', 'tuberculosis in Libya', and 'primary and acquired resistance in Libya' in title and abstract. From 1970 to 2011 little data was available on antimicrobial resistance in Libya due to lack of surveillance and few published studies. Available data shows high resistance rates for Salmonella species in the late 1970s and has remained high to the present day. High prevalence rates (54-68%) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were reported in the last decade among S. aureus from patients with burns and surgical wound infections. No reports were found of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) or vancomycin-intermediate-resistant S. aureus (VISA) using standard methods from Libya up to the end of 2011. Reported rates of primary (i.e. new cases) and acquired (i.e. retreatment cases) multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) from the eastern region of Libya in 1971 were 16.6 and 33.3% and in 1976 were 8.6 and 14.7%, in western regions in 1984-1986 were 11 and 21.5% and in the whole country in 2011 were estimated at 3.4 and 29%, respectively. The problem of antibiotic resistance is very serious in Libya. The health authorities in particular and society in general should address this problem urgently. Establishing monitoring systems based on the routine testing of antimicrobial sensitivity and education of healthcare workers, pharmacists, and the community on the health risks associated with the problem and benefits of prudent use of antimicrobials are some steps that can be taken to tackle the problem in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.
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Sospedra I, Mañes J, Soriano JM. Report of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) from Staphylococcus aureus isolated in food handlers and surfaces from foodservice establishments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 80:288-290. [PMID: 22480406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A set of 53 Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from food handlers and foodservice establishments in Spain was analyzed for toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) production. S. aureus strains were isolated from 908 samples collected from different surfaces such as dish towels, workers' hands, cutting boards, stainless steel tables and slicers, but they were not detected neither in clean plates nor in kitchen knives. Only one food worker hand has been reported to be contaminated by TSST-1 in a restaurant. Despite this, proper hygiene practices should be respected for the surfaces of contact with food, as well as for the hands of the manipulators This is the first article, in Spain, that reports the detection of TSST-1 in a restaurant worker hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sospedra
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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Occurrence and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from meat and dairy products by PCR-RFLP. ANN MICROBIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-010-0025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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